Chimwe chezvakanakisa zvinoonekwa zvinoitika kana kwamira kunaya murarabungu. Murarabungu chiitiko chemaziso chinoitika kana chiedza chezuva chichipfuura nemumadonhwe emvura akarembera mumhepo. Zvisinei, pane dzimwe nguva a kaviri Rainbow.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza kuti sei muraraungu wakapetwa kaviri wakaumbwa, maitiro ayo uye zvakakosha zvinhu.
Kuumbwa kwemuraraungu
Kugadzira muraraungu kunosanganisira matanho akati wandei:
- Refraction: Chiedza chichena chinobva kuzuva, icho chaizvoizvo chinoumbwa nomusanganiswa wemavara, chinopinda mudonhwe remvura. Pakupinda mudonhwe, mwenje unokotama kana kuti refracts nekuda kwekusiyana kwekumhanya kwechiedza mumhepo nemvura.
- Kufungisisa kwemukati: Mukati memvura inodonha, chiedza chinoratidzwa kubva mukati memadziro ekudonha. Kuratidzira uku kunoita kuti chiedza chitsemuka kuva mavara ayo ega ega nekuda kwekupararira, kuparadzanisa mavara echiratidziro chinooneka, seprism.
- Refraction zvakare: Mushure mekufungisisa kwemukati, chiedza chinosiya kudonha kwemvura uye chinodzorwa zvakare sezvachinopfuura kubva mumvura kuenda kumhepo. Chiedza chinobuda pamakona chaiwo, zvichienderana nehurefu hwacho. Izvi zvinokonzera kuti mavara akasiyana-siyana aparadzanise zvakanyanya.
- Kuumbwa kwemuraraungu: Mwaranzi yechiedza yakapatsanurwa kuva mavara inopararira muchimiro chedenderedzwa, ichigadzira yatinoziva somuraraungu. Murarabungu unoratidzika se semicircle mudenga nekuda kwechimiro chemadonhwe emvura anoita semaprism chaiwo.
Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti chiedza chinonyatso kuratidzwa uye kudzokororwa mukati memadonhwe emvura akawanda mumhepo, imwe neimwe inobatsira pakuumbwa kwemuraraungu watinoona. Muraraungu chiratidzo chemavara nekuda kwekuparara kwechiedza chichena muzvikamu zvaro zvega: tsvuku, orenji, yero, girini, bhuruu, indigo uye violet.
Muraravungu pasina mubvunzo ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa chiitiko chemusikirwo, Dzinoumbwa kana chiedza chezuva chichipfuura nemumadonhwe emvura panguva yekunaya. Chiedza chakapararira chakakamurwa kuita mutsara wemavara, akafanana neprism. Kuti uone muraraungu, mamiriro chaiwo anofanira kusangana: kuvapo kwezvose zviri zviviri mvura uye chiedza chezuva, uye mucherechedzi anofanira kumira pakati pezviviri nezuva shure uye kunaya pamberi. Pamusoro pezvo, mwenje unofanirwa kuratidza pakona ye42º pamadonhwe, saka haawanzoonekwa mukati memasikati uye anowanzo kuoneka panguva yekunaya kwemvura mangwanani nemasikati.
Kaviri Rainbow
Kana mwenje chena uchipinda mudonhwe, mavara ayo akasiyana-siyana anoparadzirwa pamakona akasiyana. Nekuda kwechiitiko ichi, chiedza chichena chinodzokororwa uye tinogona kuona mavara ega ega anozviita. Iro toni dzvuku ndiyo inomonereka zvishoma, ukuwo mamwe mavara achikombamira zvakanyanya kusvika asvika violet. Nokudaro, chiedza chechiedza chichena chinoshandurwa kuva muunganidzwa wemirazi, imwe neimwe inoratidzira ruvara rwakasiyana runosiyana apo runofamba mukati mekudonha. Mwaranzi iyi inobva yasangana nechomukati chedonhwe uye inotaridzwa zvishoma kumashure, sekunge pasi pedonhwe raive girazi. Mwaranzi inosangana nepamusoro pedonho zvakare isati yabuda, uye imwe neimwe ikozvino ine imwe kona uye ruvara. Nzira iyi, inodzokororwa mumadonhwe asingaverengeki, ndiyo inoburitsa maarc akasiyana eruvara anobatana kuita murarabungu.
Kana chiedza chikabvongodza uye kuratidza madonhwe emvura, chiitiko chakanaka chinozivikanwa semuraraungu kaviri chinoitika. Chiitiko ichi chinoratidzwa nemaarch maviri emavara akasiyana, iyo yemukati arch ichinyatsojeka kupfuura yekunze. Mavara emuraraungu kaviri, mukurongeka, akatsvuka, orenji, yero, girini, bhuruu, indigo uye violet. Muraraungu wakapetwa kaviri chiitiko chisingawanzoitiki, asi kana munhu akaita rombo rakanaka kuti azvipupurire, zvechokwadi chitarisiko chinokatyamadza chechisikigo.
Dzimwe nguva hapana muraraungu mumwe chete asi miviri inogona kuoneka, ine mavara ari muhurongwa hwakasiyana uye imwe pamusoro peimwe. Muraravungu wechipiri unogadzirwa apo chiedza chezuva chinopinda pasi pedonhwe remvura chobva chabvondora mukati maro kaviri chisati chasvika pameso edu. Nekuda kwekubhomba kuviri, masaisai echiedza anoyambuka uye anosiya donhwe rakapesana neiro remuraraungu wekutanga. Uyu murarabungu wechipiri haunyanyi kusimba nekuti rimwe resimba rinopera nekubvondoka kwega kwega.
Kana mwaranzi yechiedza ichibvongodza madonhwe emvura kaviri, inovhara chinhambwe chikuru, zvichikonzera kona huru yekubuda. Ndosaka murarabungu wechipiri uchionekwa sewakakwira kupfuura wekutanga. Pamusoro pezvo, mavara emurarabungu wechipiri achaonekwa mune reverse order: tsvuku pazasi uye yepepuru kumusoro.
Alexander Bands
Tiri kutaura zvakananga nezvechikamu chedenga chinoonekwa pakati pemiraraungu, pane kuungana kwemimhanzi. Iyi nzvimbo, inozivikanwa seAlexander Bands, Yakasviba zvakajeka kupfuura denga rose uye iri pakati pemiraraungu yepuraimari neyechipiri.
Muraraungu mukuru kana kuti denga riri mukati mawo rinoumbwa nemwaranzi yechiedza inopenya kamwe chete kubva mumadonhwe emvura. Zvichakadaro, arc yechipiri kana denga rekunze rinoumbwa nemwaranzi iyo yakaratidzirwa kaviri uye yakatsauka. Nharaunda dzedenga umo madonhwe emvura aripo pamitsetse yekuona pakati pemakona maviri haakwanise kuratidza chiedza chese kuziso remuoni. Somugumisiro, nzvimbo idzi dzinoita sedzakasviba. Muna 200 AD, Alexander weAphrodisias ndiye akatanga kutsanangura chiitiko chave kudanwa nezita rake.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve kaviri muraraungu uye magadzirirwo awo.