Imwe yei zvidimbu zvemuchadenga inotidzivirira ndiiye ionosphere. Iyi inharaunda ine huwandu hwakawanda hwemaatomu nemamorekuru ayo anobhadhariswa nemagetsi. Izvi zvimedu zvakabikwa zvinogadzirwa nekutenda nemwaranzi inouya kubva kunze kwemuchadenga, kunyanya kubva kune nyeredzi yedu iyo Zuva. Iyi radiation inorova maatomu asina kwayakarerekera uye mamorekuru emhepo mumhepo uye anopedzisira achichaja nemagetsi. Ionosphere yakakosha zvikuru kuvanhu uye, nokudaro, isu tichaenda kunatsa iyi yese posvo kwariri.
Tiri kuzotsanangura zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezvehunhu, mashandiro uye kukosha kweionosphere.
Mhando huru
Ipo Zuva richivheneka richienderera mberi, panguva yekuita kwayo irikugadzira huwandu hwakawanda hwemagetsi emagetsi. Iyi radiation inowira pamatanho epasi redu, ichichaja maatomu nemamorekuru nemagetsi. Kana zvese zvimedu zvabhadharwa, mafomu ehurongwa ayo atinodaidza kuti ionosphere. Rukoko urwu rwuri pakati pe mesosphere, iyo thermosphere uye exosphere.
Zvakawanda kana zvishoma iwe unoona kuti inotangira pakureba ingangoita makumi mashanu emakiromita pamusoro penyika. Kunyangwe ichitangira panguva ino, painosvika pakuve yakakwana uye yakakosha iri pamusoro pe50 km. Mumatunhu atinowana munzvimbo dzepamusoro dzeionosisi tinokwanisa kuona mazana emakiromita pamusoro pechiso anotambanudzira makumi ezviuru emakiromita muchadenga ndiyo yatinoti magnetosphere. Iyo magnetosphere ndiyo dura remhepo yatinodaidza nenzira iyi nekuda kwehunhu hwayo nekuda kwe Magineti epasi uye chiito cheZuva paari.
Ionosphere uye magnetosphere zvine hukama nemitero yezvikamu. Imwe ine magetsi emagetsi uye imwe ine magineti mhosva.
Mitsara yeionosphere
Sezvatakambotaura, kunyangwe iyo ionosphere inotangira pa50 km, ine matanda akasiyana zvichienderana nekukosheswa uye kuumbwa kweion dzinoiumba. Pakutanga, iyo ionosphere yaifungidzirwa kuti inoumbwa nematanho akati wandei akaonekwa nemavara D, E, naF. Iyo F safu yakakamurwa kuita mamwe maviri madunhu akajeka aive F1 neF2. Nhasi, ruzivo rwakawanda rwuripo rwe ionosphere nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji uye zvinozivikanwa kuti aya materu haana kunyatsosiyana. Nekudaro, kuti irege kuita kuti vanhu vaite dzungu, chirongwa chekutanga icho chaive nacho pakutanga chinochengetwa.
Tichaongorora chikamu nechikamu zvidimbu zvakasiyana zveionosisi kuti tione zvakadzama kuumbwa uye kukosha kwazvo.
Nharaunda D
Icho chikamu chepasi cheiyooonosphere yese. Inosvika pakakwirira pakati pe70 uye 90 km. Iyo D nharaunda ine hunhu hwakasiyana pane eE neF matunhu. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti maerekitironi ayo emahara anonyangarika zvakazara zvachose mukati mehusiku. Ivo vanowanzo nyangarika sezvavanosangana pamwe neoxygen ions kuti vagadzire maokisijeni mamorekuru ayo ari emagetsi kwazvakarerekera
Nharaunda E
Iyi ndiyo dura inozivikanwa zvakare saKennekky-Heaviside. Iri zita rakapihwa mukuremekedza injinjiniya weAmerica Arthur E. Kennelly uye chiremba wefizikisi weChirungu Oliver Heaviside. Rukoko urwu rwunotambanuka zvakapfuura kana zvishoma kubva pamakumi mapfumbamwe emakiromita, uko D rukoko runoguma kusvika 90 km. Iyo ine musiyano wakajeka nedunhu reD uye ndiko kuti ionization inogara husiku hwese. Inofanira kutaurwa kuti yakaderedzwawo.
Nharaunda F
Iyo ine yekukwiridzira kureba kubva ku160 km kusvika kumagumo. Ndicho chikamu chine kukosheswa kwakanyanya kwemaerekitironi emahara sezvo iri padyo nezuva. Naizvozvo, inoona yakawanda mwaranzi. Iyo degree of ionization haina shanduko yakawanda panguva yehusiku, nekuti pane shanduko mukuparadzirwa kweion. Pakati pezuva isu tinogona kuona maviri akaturikidzana: diki diki iyo inozivikanwa seF1 iyo iri kumusoro kumusoro uye, imwe yakanyanya ionized yakatetepa yakatetepa inozivikanwa seF2. Pakati pehusiku ese ari maviri akasunganidzwa padanho reiyo F2 layer, inozivikanwa seAppleton.
Basa uye kukosha kweionosphere
Kune vazhinji, kuve netaundi remhepo yakatenderedzwa nemagetsi zvingangoreve chero chinhu. Nekudaro, iyo ionosphere yakakosha kwazvo mukusimudzira kwevanhu. Semuenzaniso, nekuda kweiyi dura tinokwanisa kuparadzira mafungu eredhiyo kunzvimbo dzakasiyana pasi. Tinogona zvakare kutumira iwo masaini pakati pema satellite nemaPasi.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha kuti nei ionosphere yakakosha kuvanhu ndechekuti inotidzivirira kubva kumwaranzi ine njodzi kubva muchadenga. Kutenda kune ionosphere isu tinogona kuona akanaka echisikigo zviitiko senge Mwenje yekuchamhembe. Inodzivirirawo nyika yedu kubva kumatenga ematenga anopinda mumhepo. Iyo thermosphere inotibatsira kuti tizvidzivirire pachedu uye kugadzirisa tembiricha yePasi nekutora chikamu cheiyo UV radiation uye X-rays anoburitswa neZuva. Kune rimwe divi, iyo exosphere ndiyo yekutanga mutsara wekudzivirira pakati penyika nemwaranzi yezuva. .
Iwo tembiricha mune ino inodikanwa-dara yakanyanya zvakanyanya. Pane dzimwe nzvimbo tinokwanisa kuwana chiuru chimwe nemazana mashanu emadigiri Celsius. Pane iyi tembiricha, kunze kwekuti hazvigoneke kurarama, yaizopisa chese chinhu chevanhu chinopfuura. Izvi ndizvo zvinokonzeresa chikamu chikuru chemameteoriti akarova nyika yedu kuti aparadzane uye aumbe nyeredzi dzinopfura. Uye ndezvekuti kana aya matombo akasangana neionosisi uye tembiricha yakakwira iyo inowanikwa mune mamwe mapoinzi, tinoona chinhu chichiita kunge chinopenya uye chakakomberedzwa nemoto kudzamara chazoparara.
Icho chaicho chidimbu chakakosha kwazvo kuti hupenyu hwevanhu hukure sekuziva kwedu nhasi. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti timuzive zvizere uye nekudzidza hunhu hwake, nekuti taisakwanisa kurarama tisina iye.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve ionosphere.