Indian Ocean Bathymetry
MuIndian Ocean, huwandu hwe Kunaya kunosiyana zvakanyanya pamipendero yayo. Ndichiri mumasango akanyorova eSumatra kunonaya zvakanyanya, iyo yakatove yakaoma nzvimbo yeEast Africa inobatwa ne kusanaya. Vanotsvagurudza kubva kuBiodiversity uye Climate Research Center (BiK-F), California Institute of Technology (CIT), University of Southern California uye University of Bremen vakaona kuti iyi bipolar cyclical climate phenomenon yakaramba iripo panguva makore zviuru gumi apfuura.
Chidzidzo chekutyaira chakaburitswa mazuva mashoma apfuura mu "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" chinojekesa mamiriro ekunze ane mapapiro emvura ane simba rakanyanya pamamiriro ekunze epasi rese. Naizvozvo, chidzidzo ichi chakakosha kune vanoongorora zvemamiriro ekunze.
ari tropics inoita basa rakakosha mune yepasi rese mamiriro ekunze, pakati pezvimwe zvikonzero nekuti ndiwo mavambo ekunyanyisa kwemamiriro ekunze senge El Niño uye mamonon. Imwe yenzvimbo dzakakoshesesa dzerudzi urwu ndiyo Indo-Pacific, muSoutheast Asia sezvo iri sosi huru kwazvo yemvura yemuchadenga, pamwe neyakagashira mvura zhinji pasi pano. Vanotsvagurudza vakaona shanduko mukunaya kwemvura kumahombekombe egungwa ekumadokero kweIndonesia pamusoro pemakore makumi maviri nemana emakore apfuura kuti vanzwisise zvirinani matonhere emvura nemaitiro.
Sekureva kwevaongorori, zvinoita sekunge iyo Indian Ocean dipole (Indian Ocean Dipole), yakagara iri chimiro chedunhu remamiriro ekunze kwemakore gumi apfuura. Pakati pehumwe humbowo, kusanzwisisika kwemvura inonaya inoonekwa kumabvazuva nekumadokero emakungwa eIndian Ocean, zvakanangana zvakananga. Kunaya dipole kunozviratidza nenzira yekuti kukwirira kwemvura kumahombekombe ekumadokero eIndonesia, kunoderedza kunaya kwemvura kuEast Africa uye zvinopesana.
Ichi chidzidzo chitsva, chakanangisa pavhareji huwandu hwemvura inonaya inotora nguva yemakore makumi matatu, inoratidza kuti maitiro akafanana akachengetedzwa panguva makore 10000 apfuura. "Aya marudzi ekucherechedzwa nezve zvakapfuura anogona kubatsira kupatsanura kusanaya kwemvura kubva kune izvo zvinokonzereswa nemunhu, zvinofungidzirwa zvakakosha zvakanyanya tichitarisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze iri kuenderera mberi" anodaro Dr. Eva Niedermeyer (BiK-F), director weichi chidzidzo .
Niedermeyer uye vaaishanda navo pakutsvagurudza vakashanda nemasampuli egungwa akatorwa kumahombekombe kubva kumahombekombe ekumadokero eSumatra pakadzika kwemamita mazana mana negumi nemasere. Vakaisa pfungwa pa Makisi anowanikwa mune zvirimwa zvepasiIcho chipenga pamusoro pechirimwa chinovadzivirira kubva mukushayiwa mvura uye kurwisa kwehutachiona, izvo zvinoramba zviri mumatope.
Naizvozvo zvinokwanisika kuvaka shanduko yemvura yapfuura nekuyera iyo yakagadzikana hydrogen isotopic inogadzirwa munzvimbo dzepasi pevhu, sezvo mvura ndiyo sosi huru yehydrogen yakachengetwa mumidziyo yezvirimwa. Iyi nzira nokudaro inowedzera yakananga kuyerwa kuenzanisa pamwe zvishoma zvishoma zvenguva yekuwedzera kune yakareba nguva yakapfuura.
Nekuguma kweyekupedzisira nguva yechando kwakauya tembiricha iri kuwedzera nekunyungudika kwenzvimbo dzechando dzepolar, idzo dzakaperekedzwa nekuwanda kwemvura kunaya kwakatenderedza Indonesia uye mune mamwe matunhu epasi. Mukupesana, iyo wax rekodhi rekodhi yakacherechedzwa muchidzidzo inotiudza kuti yakawanda mvura inonaya panguva Yekupedzisira Glacial Maximum neHolocene zvakange zvakafanana.
Huwandu hwemvura yakanaya mukati memakore makumi maviri nemana ekupedzisira inoita kunge ine chekuita nekuratidzwa kweiyo Sonda Platform uye kunyanya kune yakatarwa matopu ekumavirira kumucheto kwenzvimbo, uye kwete chete kumuganhu mamiriro ekunze ekudzikisira. Izvi hazvisiri izvo zvaitarisirwa, sekubva pazvidzidzo zvakapfuura zvaifungidzirwa kuti dunhu rese raive rakawoma panguva yeGlacial Maximum yekupedzisira ichienzaniswa nemamiriro azvino, Niedermeyer anopedzisa.
Kunyangwe chidzidzo ichi chichijekesa kuti shanduko yenguva refu mukunaya kwemvura kazhinji hadziwanzo kukonzerwa nevanhu, hazvireve hazvo kuti izvo zvinoitika zvenguva pfupi pamwe nenyika dziri kumucheto kweIndian Ocean uye kunyanya kazhinji hazvisi pasi pesimba revanhu.
Matunhu eIndian Ocean ari kusangana nevanhu vazhinji, uye mamiriro ekunze akashata emunguva yemberi anogona kutungamira mukukonana kwezvematongerwo enyika nevevanhu. Ruzivo rwuri nani rwezviitiko zvezvemamiriro ekunze uye nzira dzakavanzika dzinozvigadzira munzvimbo ino zvinobatsira kuwedzera kugadzirisa kwekufungidzira kwemamiriro ekunze uye kudzivirira mhando yemakakatanwa, tichifungidzira mhedzisiro yemamiriro ekunze.
Mamwe Mashoko: Kusanaya kwemvura kunowedzera dambudziko renjodzi muSahel, Indonesia pamucheto pokuwa kwemvura zhinji
Source: senckenberg