Planetary system

Mudzimu wedu wezuva, kana kuti mapuraneti sezvaanodanwawo, akazadzwa nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emitumbi yomudenga, kusanganisira zuva, mapuraneti, mapuraneti maduku, uye ma<em>asteroid, uye paNyika, upenyu pachahwo. Comets dzimwe nguva inopinda mukati mesolar solar mune yakanyanya elliptical orbits kubva kure kure kwesolar system. An hurongwa hwemapuraneti iboka rezvinhu zvisiri nyeredzi zvakasungwa negiravhiti mu orbit zvakatenderedza nyeredzi kana nyeredzi. Mune mamwe mazwi, mapuraneti emapuraneti anotsanangura masisitimu ane imwe kana akawanda mapuraneti, kunyangwe masisitimu aya anogonawo kusanganisira mitumbi yedenga senge maplanets madiki, asteroids, natural satellites, meteorites, comets, uye asteroids, pamwe chete nezvinhu zvinozivikanwa, kusanganisira circumstellar disks.

Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve hurongwa hwemapuraneti, maitiro ayo uye kukosha kwayo.

Chii chinonzi planetary system

A planetary system ndiro zita redu rinonyanya kuzivikanwa resolar system umo tinowana mitumbi yedenga iyo iri chikamu chebinary star system uye inotenderera zuva, Nyika, uye mapuraneti.

Hunhu hukuru hwemapuraneti masisitimu ndeaya anotevera:

• Panyaya yesolar system. yakaumbwa kubva kunyeredzi yepakati yatinoziva seZuva nomuviri womudenga unoiperekedza.
• Iyo ine imwe kana akati wandei nyeredzi yepakati inonzi nyeredzi system uye zvakasiyana zvinhu zvinoitenderedza.
• Mapuraneti masere ezuva anotenderera negiravhiti kutenderera zuva ari elliptical orbits.
• Mapuraneti ezuva dzakarongwa mukutenderera pamadaro ari kuwedzera.

Mhando dzemapuraneti masisitimu

Nyanzvi dzenyeredzi dzinodzironga nerudzi. Mamwe marudzi enyeredzi anozivikanwa kupa mhando dzakati dzemapuraneti masisitimu uye vanoiswa mumapoka maererano nemhando ye spectral yenyeredzi nyeredzi. Nyeredzi dzinotevedzana dzakanyanya sezuva dzinoita kuti zviwanikwe muhurongwa hwemapuraneti. Iwo anowanzo kupatsanurwa nehukuru uye rudzi rwemapuraneti uye magadzirirwo awo orbital.

Iyo inonyanya kupisa Jupiter system inowanikwa kusvika parizvino ine gasi hombe yepasi padyo nenyeredzi, uye zvakare. inopisa Neptune-mhando masisitimu awanikwa.

Dzidziso dzakadai sekuparadzira dzakarongwa kuti dziumbwe mapuraneti makuru pedyo nenyeredzi dzevabereki vavo. Dust disks nehuruva mhete uye comets ndeimwe yakajairika mhando yehurongwa.

Uyewo protoplanetary disks akawanikwa achiri muhurongwa hwekuumbwa. Parizvino, mashoma masisitimu ane analogi akakodzera akawanikwa pamapuraneti epasi padyo nenyeredzi dzevabereki vavo.

kuumbwa kwehurongwa hwemapuraneti

Kuumbwa kwehurongwa hwemapuraneti kunoitika mumatanho:

• Muchikamu chekutanga, chinozivikanwa se interstellar cloud collapse, inotsanangura kuti masisitimu aya akabva kumakore akakura mamorekuru anoumbwa nehydrogen, helium uye lithium, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinorema zvakasiyana. Kubva mune rimwe nerimwe remakore aya nyeredzi uye zvichida hurongwa hwemapuraneti hwaizoberekwa.
• Danho rechipiri ndiro kuumbwa kwemaplanetesimals, zvinova nhevedzano dzezvinhu zvinoburitsa zvinhu zvine hukuru hukuru. Zvimedu izvi zvinosangana mukuita makiromita akati kuti kureba uye mhedzisiro ihombe hombe.
• Danho rechitatu rinonzi kuumbwa kwemapuraneti embryos, uye kutora miriyoni imwe kusvika kumakore gumi kuumba. Kudhumhana kwacho kwakaita kuti vaparadzane uye simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi rakaita kuti nzira dzavo dzive nenyonganyonga.
• Danho rechina ndiro kuumbwa kwemapuraneti makuru ekutanga, ayo anonzi ma<em>planetary embryos uye anokura nokukurumidza. Kukura kunoita kupisa kwakanyanya zvekuti Nyika inokwanisa kupenya senyeredzi. Sezvainokura, matanho ekupedzisira anoitika, kusanganisira kuumbwa kwemamwe mapuraneti makuru, kuumbwa kwemapuraneti ane matombo, uye kubviswa kwegasi rakawandisa.

Models

Munhoroondo yese kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemapuraneti masisitimu, ayo atinogona kutaura akanyanya kukosha:

• Muenzaniso waAristotle: anofunga chinhu chinonyanya kukosha, anoti pasi ndiro riri pakati pechisiko chapose pose. Nyika inoumbwa nezvinhu zvina, pasi, mvura, mweya uye moto. Inoti nzvimbo yedenga ine mativi akakomberedzwa akatenderedza pasi, uye bhora rimwe nerimwe rine mitumbi yedenga.
• Geocentric modhi: Ptolemy akaronga modhi ine Nyika iri pakati, isingafambi, ine mapuraneti, mwedzi uye zuva zvakaitenderedza. Ptolemy akaronga rondedzero yejometri yaitsanangura nemasvomhu mafambiro uye nzvimbo dzemapuraneti, zuva, uye mwedzi.
• Heliocentric modhi: Zuva ndiro pakati pechadenga, uye Nyika nemapuraneti zvine nzira dzakatenderera dzakaitenderedza. Nyeredzi dzakamira, kure nezuva, uye pasi rinotenderera paasisi yaro yoga.

Mienzaniso

Mimwe mienzaniso yehurongwa hwemapuraneti ndeiyi inotevera:

• Alpha Centauri: Iyo iri pedyo nePasi. Hapasati pasisina humbowo hwekuvapo kwenyika dzakatenderedza nyeredzi dzadzo. I 4,3 light-years kubva ku solar system uye ine nyeredzi mbiri painotenderedzwa nemapuraneti.
• Epsilon Eridani: Iyi sisitimu yemapuraneti yakaonekwa uye ndiyo iri padyo nePasi. Anenge makore 10,5 echiedza-makore kubva paNyika, ine nyeredzi idiki zvishoma pane zuva uye nepuraneti yakakura kupfuura Earth, yakaumbwa mudhisiki reguruva uye bhandi reasteroid.
• Epsilon India: Iine nyeredzi nhatu, imwe hombe, zvingangoita zviviri muzvitatu ukuru hweZuva, uye mbiri diki, dzinonzi brown dwarfs.
• Tau Ceti: kune nyeredzi yakaita sezuva mukati uye mapuraneti mashanu anotenderera. Sekureva kwesainzi, iyi hurongwa hwemapuraneti inogona kuve sarudzo yekugamuchira hupenyu nekuti maviri eexoplanets anogona kunge ari munzvimbo inogarwa.

Solar system

Solar System ndiyo nharaunda yepuraneti inogara Nyika yedu: denderedzwa remapuraneti masere anogara achitenderera nyeredzi imwe chete, Zuva.

Chokwadi, hatisi isu chete mapuraneti aripo. Mugwara renzou nomuchadenga, gadziriro dzemasimba anochinja dziripo pasimba rinokweva renyeredzi imwe kana kuti dzinopfuura, naizvozvo hazvina ngozi kufunga kuti gadziriro dzakadaro dziriko dzisingaverengeki.

Solar system yedu chikamu chegore repakati penyeredzi, riri mukati mebubble renzvimbo yeOrion Arm, pa. anenge 28.000 XNUMX light-years kubva pakati pekupenya kwegwara redu renzou, the Milky Way. Inofungidzirwa kuti yakaumba mamiriyoni 4.568 emakore apfuura, semugumisiro wekudonha kwema molecular, kugadzira protoplanetary kana star-encircling disk, boka risina kurongeka rezvinhu zvakakomberedza zuva. Kubva ipapo mapuraneti akasiyana uye zvinhu zvemuchadenga zvenharaunda yedu zvichaumbwa.

Kufanana nedzimwe hurongwa hwemapuraneti, Solar System zvinhu zvinochengetedza elliptical orbits zvakatenderedza nyeredzi huru nekudaro zvine simba rinokwevera rakasimba muhurongwa. Kwatiri, hongu, zuva, nyeredzi yerudzi rweG ine dhayamita yese yemakiromita 1.392.000, ine 99,86% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwesolar system.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve hurongwa hwemapuraneti uye maitiro ayo.