Hukama pakati pekupisa uye tembiricha

Iwe unoziva musiyano uripo pakati pekupisa uye tembiricha? Kazhinji idzi pfungwa mbiri dzinovhiringidzika pamwe chete, dzichishandiswa nenzira isiriyo. Kunyangwe iwo ari ehukama hwepedyo, haana kufanana. Nekudaro, nepo kupisa iri fomu yesimba, kupisa simba, tembiricha ndiyo mhando inosarudzira iko kuyerera kwekupisa kuyerera.

Asi, Unhu hupi hune mumwe nemumwe? Tichataura nezve izvi uye zvimwe zvakawanda mune ino yakakosha chinyorwa. 

Chii chaizvo chinonzi kupisa?

Pakati pezuva rine zuva, uye kunyanya muzhizha, kutaura kwatinonyanya kutaura ndekwekuti: "kupisa sei!", Kurudyi? Zvakanaka, manzwiro aya anogadzirwa nezuva, chinova chinhu chakakura kudarika Nyika (chine dhayamita ye696.000km, nepo imba yedu 'chete' ichiyera 6.371km), uye ichipisa zvakanyanya: 5600ºC, zvichienzaniswa neiyo 14ºC avhareji yakanyorwa pano.

Iko kupisa kunogona kunzi kuve a simba rekuchinjisa kubva pachinhu chekupisa zvakanyanya kuenda kune chimwe icho chakanyanya 'kutonhora'. Nekudaro, pakati pezvinhu zviviri izvi hunyoro hwekuyanana hwaizosvika, zvinova zvinoitika, semuenzaniso, patinopinda mumubhedha munguva yechando: machira nemagumbeze zvinotonhora pakutanga, asi zvishoma nezvishoma zvinodziya.

Simba rekupisa rinogona kuendeswa munzira nhatu dzakasiyana:

• Radiation: painopararira muchimiro chemagetsi emagetsi, senge simba rezuva.
• Kutyaira: painopararira nekubata yakananga, senge patinoisa chipunu mukofi nyowani.
• Convection: kana ichiparadzirwa nenzira yemvura kana gasi, kunge ma heater atinawo kumba.

Uye, kana zvangoitwa, chinhu unogona kuenda kune imwe nyika, iyo inogona kunge yakasimba, mvura kana gasi. Shanduko idzi dzinozivikanwa nezita rezvikamu zvechikamu, izvo zvinoramba zvichironga hunhu hwepasi. Iwo anowanzoitika chikamu chinoshanduka mune meteorology ndeaya:

• Kubva ku solid kusvika kumvura, inonzi fusion.
• Kubva pane mvura kusvika ku solid, inonzi solidification.
• Kubva pane mvura kusvika kune gaseous, inonzi vaporization.
• Kubva kune gasi kusvika kumvura, inonzi condensation.

Simba rekupisa rinoyerwa mukati makoriyori, kusiyana netembiricha inoyerwa mumadhigirii (angave Kelvin, Celsius kana Fahrenheit), kana zvakare muJoules (1 Chikunguru yakaenzana ne0,23 macalorie anenge).

Tsanangudzo yetembiricha

Iyo tembiricha ndeye chivakwa chezvinhu chinoyerwa nethermometer. Icho chiri pedyo nechimwe chinhu chiri kune chimwe, icho chinopisa chiri, chinowedzera tembiricha yacho. Isu pachedu, kana semuenzaniso isu tichirwara uye tine fever, muviri wedu tembiricha inowedzerawo.

Pane zviyero zvitatu zvinoyera, sezvatambotaura kare:

• celsius: iyo yatinoziva uye yatinoshandisa zvakanyanya muEurope, ayo mareferensi ari kutonhora (0ºC) uye kufashaidza (100ºC).
• Fahrenheit: inoshandiswa kunyanya munyika dzeAnglo-Saxon. Iwo mareferenzi ayo kutonhora kwechisanganiswa cheantifreeze yemvura nemunyu, uye tembiricha yemuviri wemunhu. 1ºC yakaenzana ne33,8ºF.
• Kelvin: kushandiswa kwesainzi. Iwo mareferenzi ayo mhedzisiro zero uye nekatatu poindi yemvura. 1ºC yakaenzana ne 274,15ºK.

Tembiricha paPasi 

Iyo tembiricha inosiyana zvichienderana iyo kukwirisa, pamwe nekuswedera kana kureba kwegungwa uye ikweta, neiyo orography uye zvakare nemaruva pachawo (Iyo inowedzera nzvimbo ine huni, zvirimwa izvi zvinogadzira mweya wemvura kana zvadzimira photosynthesize, izvo zvinogona kutibatsira kutsungirira kupisa). Zvakare kutaura, kune matatu makuru nzvimbo pasi rino:

• Inodziya kana inotonhora nzvimbo: iri pakati penzvimbo mbiri dzinopisa uye yakakamurwa nequator munzvimbo mbiri dzakaenzana. Ivhareji tembiricha iri pamusoro pe18ºC.
• Yakadzikama nzvimbo (kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba): dzinotambanuka kubva kunzvimbo dzinopisa kusvika kumatanda. Iwo wepakati pagore tembiricha anoramba akatenderedza 15ºC. Mune matunhu ari munzvimbo inotonhora, mwaka yegore unotsanangurwa.
• Cold nzvimbo (matanda): iri pakati peArctic Circle neNorth Pole, uye Antarctic Circle neSouth Pole. Tembiricha dzinogara dzakachengetwa pazasi pe 0ºC, kunyange kusvika -89ºC.

Uye kunzwa kwekushisa? 

Kunyangwe munzvimbo medu thermometer ichitaridza imwe tembiricha, pamwe muviri wedu unonzwa chimwe chakasiyana, inozove iyo nguva yekutaura nezve kupisa kwemanzwiro. Chii chaizvo?

Kutonhora kwemhepo kuri maitiro emuviri kumamiriro ekunze munzvimbo, uye kunzwa kwekupisa ndiko kana kuchipfuura 26ºC, kunyangwe ichisiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nemwaka watiri uye nemunhu chaiye. Nechikonzero ichi, avo vanogara munzvimbo dzakadzikama kana dzinotonhora havawanzofarira kupisa kwakanyorovera kweMediterranean, uye avo vanogara munzvimbo dzinopisa kana dzinopisa vanowanzoona zvichinetsa kuchinjira kune inotonhora mamiriro ekunze.

Uye ndeyokuti hunyoro hwakawanda huripo mune zvakatipoteredza, hunowedzera kudziya; uye iyo yepazasi iri, inotonhora zvakanyanya. Saka, semuenzaniso tembiricha ye30ºC ine 90% humidity, zvinonzwa sekunge iyo thermometer iri kunyatso kumaka 40ºC.

Wanga uchiziva hukama pakati pekupisa uye tembiricha?