Nhasi tinoenda kuAmerica kuGulf of California, inozivikanwa nezita rekuti Gungwa reCortez. Iwo mutumbi wakamanikana wemvura uri muMexico pakati peBaja California peninsula nenyika dzeMexico dzeSonora neSinaloa. Iri gungwa rave nemukurumbira sezvo riine hupfumi hwepanyama uye zviwi zvakati wandei zvine nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzinonzi World Heritage Sites neUNESCO muna 2005.
Naizvozvo, isu tiri kuzotsaurira ichi chinyorwa kukuudza zvese hunhu, kuumbwa, zvipenyu zvakasiyana uye kutyisidzira kweGungwa reCortez.
Mhando huru
Iri igungwa rekumahombekombe rinowanikwa muPacific Ocean. Kunyanya kunyanya kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwegungwa reMexico. Iyo ine kuwedzera kweinenge anenge 160,000-177,000 km2 uye huwandu hwemvura hunosvika 145,000 km3. Inozivikanwa nekuve nemvura yakanaka. Uye zvinoita senge chaiyo nharaunda nharaunda ine inodziya mvura, yakakodzera kugeza uye ine yakanaka yakadzika bhuruu toni. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive imwe yemahombekombe eparadhisoacan anodiwa munzvimbo ino yese. Zvinoita sekunge paradhiso chaiyo.
Munzvimbo yakafararira yeGungwa reCortez, hupamhi hwemakiromita mazana maviri negumi nemana, nepo munzvimbo yakatetepa iri makiromita makumi mana nemasere chete. Chikamu chekuchamhembe ndicho chakadzikira, kunyange hazvo mamwe maratidziro akawanikwa anogona kusvika pamamita zviuru zvitatu pakadzika. Ivhareji kudzika kwegungwa idiki, ichingori ma241 metres. Zvisinei, haisi musiyano unodzivirira kuvandudzwa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana kusvika padanho hombe.
Kupisa uye munyu
Sezvo iine mvura inodziya, muzhizha inogona kusvika patembiricha yemadhigirii makumi maviri nemana. Iyi mvura yakakwana kune vanogeza uye vese vashanyi vanoshanyira nzvimbo idzi muzhizha. Zvakare, munguva yechando tembiricha yegungwa inodonha kusvika panosvika madhigirii mapfumbamwe. Chikonzero cheiyi tembiricha yakakura pakati pezhizha nechando kudzika kwayo kwakadzika. Nekuti igungwa risina mvura yakawandisa kana kudzika, rinonyanya kukanganiswa neshanduko yetembiricha iri mumhepo. Sezvo isina mvura yakawandisa, iyo nguva yekumisikidza inoderera uye aya mahombe matembiricha anogona kucherechedzwa pakati pemwaka nemwaka.
Mumvura iri padyo negungwa rakavhurika, inogona kupfuura kudziya kwemadhigirii makumi maviri nemana. Munyu unosiyanawo kwazvo pamhenderekedzo dzese. Sezvo paine hushoma hwemvura inoyerera inoitika muchikamu chekumadokero kwegungwa uko kune kwakanyanya munyu. Kusiyana nezvinoitika nemamwe makungwa anopisa, mvura dziine munyu mushoma uye mafara mafuro akawonekwa. Masaisai ane zvainoita zvichienderana nenzvimbo yatiri uye kutenderera kwemwedzi. Muchikamu chekuchamhembe cheGungwa reCortez huwandu hwemvura hwakawedzerwa kusvika pamamita mapfumbamwe nekuda kwemafungu.
Rwizi rweColorado runogadzira yakadzika yakatambanuka munzvimbo yekupedzisira uye inodira muGungwa reCortez. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti gungwa iri rine Rwizi rweColorado semubhadharo waro mukuru. Chimwe chehunhu hwakaita kuti gungwa iri rive nemukurumbira nderekuti mune zviwi mazana maviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe nezviviri mukati maro, kunyange hazvo zvizhinji zvacho zvisingagarwi. Nekudaro, ivo vane huwandu hwakawanda hwezvisikwa nemhuka zvinoita kuti ive nzvimbo yakapfuma mune zvakasikwa.
Kuumbwa kweGungwa reCortez
Kune akawanda mafungidziro ndiwo mavambo eGungwa reCortez. Sezvo isingakwanise kuzivikanwa neichoicho chokwadi, zvinozivikanwa kuti igungwa diki. Yayo fomu yazvino yakawanikwa panguva ye Miocene kunonoka. Ndokunge, zvinoita anenge makore emamirioni 4-6. Dzimwe dzedzidziso dzinosimbisa mabviro egungwa iri dzinoratidza kuchinjwa kwenyaya iyi kakawanda. Mushure mekushandurwa kwakawanda kudaro, inogona kuumbwa kuburikidza nemamwe matekitoni maitiro.
Maitiro eiyo geological akakonzera kuumbwa kwegungwa iri akaitika angangoita mamirioni makumi matanhatu apfuura. Ndipo panguva iyo maNorth America nePacific matectonic mahwendefa aive ari mundiro iyo nhasi yanga isipo. Ndiro iyi inogamuchira zita rekuti Farallón. Pakutanga kwenguva yeMesozoic, ndiro iyi inozivikanwa nezita rekuti Farallon yakatanga nzira yekutapa. Uye yakatanga kunyura pasi pemucheto wekumadokero weplate yeNorth America uye yakabatsira mukuumbwa kwemakomo nemakomo anoputika. Apa ndipo pakazvarwa ruzhinji rwezvitsuwa zviri zveGungwa reCortez.
Biodiversity yeGungwa reCortez
Sezvatakambotaura, igungwa rine hupfumi hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvipenyu. Kunyangwe iri diki saizi uye iine chete inlet yemvura, ndiyo imwe yemakungwa anonyanya kudzidza pasi rese. Uye iyo inonzi se "aquarium yenyika" nekuda kwehupfumi hwakawanda hwemiti nemhuka. Inofungidzirwa kuti inogara dzinosvika mazana mapfumbamwe emarudzi ehove, makumi mapfumbamwe ari iwo anogara ariko, dzinopfuura zana nemakumi manomwe emarudzi eshiri dzegungwa uye chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemarudzi ese emhuka dzegungwa pasi. Pamusoro peizvi, tinogona kutaura kuti kune zvakare mamwe marudzi mashanu eshiri dzinogara kana kutsvaga chekudya pamahombekombe ayo.
Izvi zvinoita kuti rive gungwa rinoonekwa seimwe yeakakura muhupfumi hwezvinhu zvipenyu. Iwe unogona kuwana yegungwa vaquitas, leatherback turtles, green turtles, hofori squid, sardines, whale shark, Pacific mabhiza, totoabas, matatya, maorivhi egungwa turtle, maCalifornian gulls uye loggerhead turtles, pakati pemamwe mhuka.
Kana iri maruva, zvakare akapfuma. Iyo ine yakasarudzika maruva pasi pechiso chemvura. Kune akawanda matombo emakorari, plankton uye macroscopic algae. Inofungidzirwa kuti vanochengeta dzinosvika makumi matanhatu neshanu mhando dzediki microscopic algae uye kusvika pamakumi matanhatu nematanhatu marudzi eacroscopic algae. Imwe yenzvimbo dzakanakisa kwazvo inogona kuonekwa kubva kumahombekombe. Uye ndezvekuti chinoshandura zviitiko musiyano isingawanzo pakati pemiriwo zvakanyanya musango nemashizha emangrove akaumbwa nejecha nemunyu, kunyanya. Ivo vanenge dzimwe mhando makumi matanhatu nenhanhatu dzemidziyo yevascular iyo yainayo muecosystem yayo imomo.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezveGungwa reCortez.