El Gungwa reRunyararo Inzvimbo huru yemwedzi. Kunyange zvazvo ichizivikanwa nezita regungwa, haisi nzvimbo chaiyo izere nemvura. Ndiyo nzvimbo yakamhara moduli yemwedzi wechikepe cheApollo 11. Nzvimbo chaiyo yayakamhara yaizivikanwa seTranquility Base.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezveGungwa reRunyararo, maitiro aro, kwakabva zita uye nezvimwe zvakawanda.
Chii chinonzi Gungwa Rerunyararo?
Chaizvoizvo, Gungwa reRunyararo harisi gungwa remvura seyatinayo pano paNyika. Iri panzvimbo yakakura kwazvo bani rinowanikwa pamusoro peMwedzi, yedu yakasikwa satellite. Bani iri riri pamusoro peMwedzi uye rinoonekwa kubva paNyika nerubatsiro rweteresikopu. Zita racho rinokonzerwa nekuonekwa kwaro, kubvira inotaridzika senzvimbo yakati sandara uye yakatsetseka kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzvimbo dzine makomo uye dzakaoma paMwedzi.
Nzvimbo iyi yakakosha nekuti ndipo pakatsika munhu paMwedzi kekutanga. Muna 1969, basa reNASA reApollo 11 rakamhara pabani rino remwedzi uye vazivi vemuchadenga Neil Armstrong naEdwin Buzz Aldrin vakafamba pamusoro payo. Yakanga iri nhambo yenhau yakaratidzira nhambo huru mukunzvera muchadenga.
Pamusoro pekuve saiti yekumhara kwemwedzi wekutanga wemunhu, Gungwa reRunyararo rave riri nyaya yezvidzidzo zvesainzi zvakati wandei uye kuongorora nzvimbo. Vesainzi vakaongorora matombo nevhu remubani uyu kuti vadzidze zvakawanda nezvenhoroondo yeMwedzi nemaumbirwo awo.
Marobhoti akati wandei akaitwa kuGungwa reKunyarara dunhu. Muna 2013, semuenzaniso, China Chang'e 3 spacecraft yakamhara panzvimbo iyi yemwedzi uye yakaisa rover kuti iongorore pamusoro.. Dzimwe nyika dzakatumirawo nhumwa kunodzidza nzvimbo iyi, kusanganisira United States, Russia, neJapan.
Pamusoro pekukosha kwayo kwesainzi, zvakare inzvimbo yenhoroondo uye yetsika kufarira. Mitezo yakasiiwa nevazivi vemuchadenga pamusoro payo inoonekwa sechiyeuchidzo chekuongorora muchadenga uye yakachengetedzwa senhaka yenhoroondo.
Sei Apollo 11 yakamhara pano?
Apollo 11 yakamhara muGungwa reRunyararo nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati. Chekutanga, masayendisiti aida kusarudza nzvimbo yekumhara yaive nenzvimbo yakati sandara uye yakatsetseka zvakakwana kuti chitundumuseremusere chimire zvakanaka. Bani reGungwa roKunyarara yaive imwe yenzvimbo dzakati sandara uye dzakatsetseka paMwedzi, izvo zvakaita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka yekumhara.
Pamusoro pezvo, masayendisiti aidawo kusarudza nzvimbo yaive inonakidza uye ingangove yakakosha nzvimbo yekutsvagisa sainzi. Nzvimbo iyi yakanga yambofananidzirwa nezvitundumuseremusere zvisina munhu uye yaizivikanwa kuva nechimiro chakafanana kune dzimwe nzvimbo paMwedzi. Nokudaro, masayendisiti akafunga kuti ichava nzvimbo yakanaka yekuunganidza sampuli uye kudzidza kuumbwa kwevhu remwedzi.
Pakupedzisira, pakanga panewo mubvunzo wechengeteko. Kana chimwe chinhu chisina kumira zvakanaka panguva yekumhara, vazivi vemuchadenga vanogona kuedza kumhara munzvimbo iri pedyo nebani iyo zvakare yaive nenzvimbo yakati sandara yakakwana uye yakatsetseka.
Mwedzi Morphology
Mwedzi une morphology yakasiyana zvikuru kubva paNyika. Panzvimbo pokuva nemakungwa, makomo, uye makondinendi akaita sePasi, Mwedzi kazhinji kazhinji ibwe rimwe guru, risina upenyu. Kumusoro kweMwedzi kwakafukidzwa nemakoronga, makomo, mapani, nemipata. Craters maumbirwo edenderedzwa anogadzirwa apo asteroids nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa nzvimbo yemwedzi. Makomo nemidungwerungwe yemakomo maumbirwo ematombo anokwira pamusoro pedenga. Mapani akati sandara, nzvimbo dzakatsetseka, seGungwa reRunyararo. Mipata inzvimbo dzakaora mwoyo panzvimbo yemwedzi.
Mwedzi zvakare une zvimwe zvakasiyana siyana zvinoita kuti usiyane nePasi. Semuenzaniso, ine nzvimbo ine huruva uye yakatsiga, zvinoreva kuti zvinhu hazvifambe nyore sepaNyika. Inoshayawo dense atmosphere, zvinoreva kuti hakuna mamiriro okunze, hapana mhepo, hapana mvura paMwedzi.
Kwakabva zita reGungwa rerunyararo
Zita rekuti Sea of Tranquility rakapihwa kubani remwedzi uyu nevazivi venyeredzi vekutanga kuriona kuburikidza neteresikopu paNyika. Nzvimbo yacho inoratidzika yakatsetseka uye yakatsetseka, uye vazivi venyeredzi vepakutanga vaifunga kuti yainge yakafanana nemvura yakadzikama.
Iri zita rakatangira muzana ramakore rechi 11, apo muongorori wenyeredzi wokuItaly Giovanni Riccioli akatumidza dunhu iri "Mare Tranquillitatis" pamepu yake yomwedzi. Kubva ipapo, zita rekuti Gungwa reKunyarara rave richishandiswa kureva bani iri remwedzi, uye ndiro raive zita repamutemo rakapihwa pakasvika Apollo 1969 mishoni ipapo muna XNUMX.
Zvinonakidza kuziva kuti kunyangwe zita richiratidza kuti imvura, hapana mvura paMwedzi.
Mwedzi uchimhara muGungwa reRunyararo
Kwekutanga kumhara paMwedzi kwakaitwa neApollo 11 mission muna 1969. Chakanga chiri chiitiko chenhoroondo kuvanhu, kubvira. kakanga kari kekutanga kuti munhu atsike kune imwe nyika. Kumhara kwacho kwakaitwa nevazivi vemuchadenga Neil Armstrong naEdwin Buzz Aldrin. Mushure meiyo moduli yemwedzi, yakanzi "Gondo", yakasunungurwa kubva kumumodhi yekuraira mukutenderera kwemwedzi, Armstrong akatora hutongi ndokutanga kutungamira chikepe chakananga kuGungwa reKunyarara, uko nzvimbo yekumhara yakanga yasarudzwa.
Kumhara kwacho kwakanga kwakaoma zvikuru uye kwaida kunyatsojeka. Armstrong aifanira kutungamira ngarava zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika pamusoro, achichengetedza kumhanya nguva dzose uye kuve nechokwadi kuti ngarava yasvika panzvimbo yakachengetedzeka uye yakagadzikana. Zvese izvi zvaifanira kuitwa nenguva shoma yemafuta uye uchiramba uchitaurirana nevashandi vepaPasi.
Pakupedzisira, mushure menguva shoma, Armstrong akazivisa: "Gondo rasvika". Yakanga iri nguva inofadza pasi rose, sezvo vanhu vakanga vasvika panhanho inokosha. Armstrong naAldrin vakasiya module yemwedzi kuti vaongorore mamiriro emwedzi uye vatore samples dzedombo. Vakapedza maawa akati wandei paMwedzi vasati vadzokera kumodule yemwedzi uye vachibatana zvakare naMichael Collins, aitenderera Mwedzi mune yekuraira module.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezveGungwa reKunyarara uye maitiro aro.