Zvichida pane imwe nguva wakambozvibvunza gore rinorema zvakadii. Sezvatinoziva, kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emakore zvichienderana nehunhu hwavo uye mamiriro ekuumbwa. Naizvozvo, hatingataure kuti gore rinorema zvakadii, asi tinofanira kutanga taratidza rudzi rwegore ratiri kubata naro.
Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza kuti gore rinorema zvakadii zvichienderana nerudzi rweruzivo rwainarwo.
Cloud kuumbwa
Makore anoumbwa nekuzara kwemhute yemhepo mumhepo. Kunyangwe iri nyore, yakatsetseka, uye kazhinji inoyevedza kutaridzika, uye akasiyana maumbirwo akamiswa mumhepo, iyo cloud formation process yakaoma zvikuru uye inonyanya kuzivikanwa physicochemical mechanism. Chokwadi ndechokuti anenge makore ose aripo, kunze kwemhute iri pasi, achiri kuyangarara mumhepo nokuti uremu hwawo hunogona kutsigirwa nemhepo inokwira panheyo dzawo kana kuti nemhepo dzokutama dzakachinjika.
Hunhu hwegore hunoenderana nebonde rayo (yakawanda kana kushoma yakatwasuka kukura uye saizi yakajairika) uye chimiro chemukati (mvura inonaya, inotonhora, chando, chimvuramabwe). Huremu hwegore hunogona kuyerwa zvakadarikidza maererano nekuwanda. Saka, semuenzaniso, iyo yakaverengerwa kureva density yepakati cumulus makore ihafu yegiramu pacubic mita. Ndiko kuti, cubic mita yega yega yegore inogona kuva, paavhareji, hafu yegiramu remvura. Zviyero zvemasumbu akadaro kazhinji akareba mamita 1000, mamita 1000 paupamhi uye mamita 1000 kureba. Naizvozvo, inofananidzira huwandu hwecube yebhiriyoni cubic metres.
gore rinorema zvakadii
Kana tikaongorora kuti makore anoumbwa nemamiriyoni emadonhwe emvura kana makristasi echando, maonero edu anogona kutanga kuchinja. Kupindura mubvunzo uyu nemazvo sezvinobvira, boka revasaenzi veNOAA vakashandisa mutemo wakakodzera gasi kuwana huremu hwemasumbu madiki, izvo zvinonzi makore edenga akajekavanobuda munyaya iyi.
Zvakanaka, gore diki iri rine 1 km x 1 km kubva kumusoro uye 1 km kureba (kureva, 1 km3 yevhoriyamu) rinorema 550.000 kg. Zvichiri zvimwe chete: 500 toni. Kuti uzviise neimwe nzira, tsvaga muenzaniso chaiwo uye womuzvarirwo, wakaenzana nehuremu hwe100 nzou dzeAfrica.
Mvura mumhepo
Makore ndiwo anonyanya kuratidzwa, kune mvura mumhepo, mvura yakawanda. Sezvaunoziva, kunyange mumatenga akajeka, kune mvura yakawanda pamusoro pedu, kunyange zvazvo zvidimbu zvinoumba zviduku zvokuti hatigoni kuzviona.
Kufungidzira kwehuwandu hwemvura mumhepo panguva ipi zvayo inoratidza makiromita 12.900 square. Kunyange zvazvo ingave yakawanda, mari iyi inongova 0,001% yemvura yose iri paNyika.
Asi gore rinorema zvakadii? Uchishandisa iyo yakanakira gasi mutemo, density yemhepo yakaoma pakureba kwe2 km ndeye 1,007 kg/m3, nepo density yemhepo yakanyorova. iri 1,007 kg/m3, inova 0,5 g/m3 sehwaro hwatinodonongodza mugwaro. Kureva, gore diki remamiriro ekunze rakanaka re 1 square kilometer rine 500 miriyoni magiramu emadonhwe emvura, kana 500.000 kilograms.
Uye chenjera nekuti mamwe makore ane mvura shoma uye shoma, asi isu takasarudza rimwe remakore madiki ratinogona kuona mudenga. Hapana mubvunzo kuti huremu hwedenga hwakafukidzwa neyakajairika nimbostratus kana iyo ine simba cumulonimbus gore. hunogona kufanana nehuremu hwenzou dzakawanda dzeAfrica.
Sei makore achiyangarara?
pagungwa, mhepo yemhepo inenge 1 Kg/cm2. Sezvo mhepo ine huremu, inofanirawo kunge iine density. Kana makore akaumbwa nezvidimbu zvemvura, nei achiyangarara mumhepo? Chiripo ndechekuti mhepo imwechete yakagarwa nemakore ine density yakakwira pane inogarwa nemhepo yakaoma. Kureva, kuwanda kwemakore kushoma pane kuzara kwedenga rakajeka munzvimbo imwe chete, saka makore anoyangarara.
Asi pamusoro pazvo, kune maupdrafts uye downdrafts anochengetedza madonhwe emvura aya kana makristasi echando kubva pakudonha kusvika arema zvekuti kunaya kwemvura kuitike.
nzou experiment
Peggy Lemone, muongorori mukuru paNational Center for Atmospheric Research muBoulder, Colorado, agara achida kupindura mubvunzo waaizvibvunza azvibvunza achizvibvunzazve semwana: Gore rinorema zvakadii?
Kuti azive, Lemone akaenda kubasa, akatanga asarudza gore uye achiverenga kuzara kwaro. Akasarudza gore rakajairika, «rudzi rwegore jena rakapfava ratinoona zuva rakacheka nyika, riine gore.» Semitemo yakawanda, masayendisiti anofunga kuti gore rakadaro rine hafu yegiramu yemvura pa cubic mita.
Woyera kukura kwegore. Kuita izvi, Lemone inoshandisa odometer kuyera mimvuri yemakore kana zuva riri pamusoro chaipo. Iri gore rinowanzoita makubhi, saka kana mumvuri waro wakareba kiromita, zvakare makiromita kureba. Izvi zvinotipa miriyoni cubic metres yemakore.
Nedensity uye vhoriyamu data iri muruoko, tinokwanisa kuverenga kuti yakawanda sei mvura iri mugore iroro: 500 miriyoni magiramu emvura, kana 500 matani. “Zvakaoma kuti vanhu vamiririre huwandu uhu mupfungwa, saka tinowanzo kushandisa zviyero zvekufananidzira, senzou,” anotsanangura kudaro Lemone. "Saka kana nzou yakura ichirema matani matanhatu, tinogona kuti gore riri kutaurwa rinorema nzou makumi masere nenhatu."
Makore anorema zvikuru ndiwo makore matema emupupuri nekuti, zviri pachena, ndiwo anotakura mvura zhinji. Saka, maererano neLemone, makore aya anogona kurema se "200,000 nzou".
Yaigona sei kuyangarara mumhepo? saka nyore. “Hazvina kufanana nenzou 200.000 0,2 dzinogona kuyangarara mumhepo. Izvozvo hazvigoneki mumuviri. Chii chinoitika ndechekuti, kana iri makore, huremu hunogoverwa pamusoro pehuwandu hukuru hwemadonhwe emvura uye makristasi echando pamusoro penzvimbo yakakura kwazvo. " Madonhwe makuru haana kumbobvira akaenzana nenzou, haapfuuri XNUMXmm yakafara, uye madiki anokwana kuyangarara munzvimbo. »
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekuremerwa kwegore.