global dimming

Kudziya kwepasi rose kucharamba kuchienderera mberi pasina muenzaniso. Iri kugadzira dambudziko idzva repasi rose resainzi rinozivikanwa se global dimming. Inofanira kurangarirwa kuti kupisa kwepasi kunokanganiswa nekuwedzera kwemagasi egreenhouse, ayo, zvakare, anochengetedza huwandu hwakawanda hwekupisa mumhepo.

Muchinyorwa chino tichakutaurira kuti chii chinonzi global dimming uye kuti chii chinokonzeresa.

Shanduko Yemamiriro ekunze

Maererano nekucherechedza kwakaitwa, kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemukati mumamiriro ekunze uye kuwirirana pakati pezvikamu zvayo uye / kana kuchinja kwekunze kwekumanikidza kunokonzerwa nezvikonzero zvechisikigo kana mabasa evanhu. Kazhinji, hazvibviri kujekesa zvakajeka ukuru hwekufurira kwezvikonzero izvi. Mafungiro ekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kubva kuIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) kazhinji anongofunga kukanganiswa kweanthropogenic kuwedzera mune greenhouse magasi nezvimwe zvinhu zvine chekuita nevanhu mumamiriro ekunze.

Kuwedzera kudziya kwepasi (global warming) inobva mukuwedzera kwegreenhouse effect inokonzerwa nemabasa evanhu, pamwe nekuchinja kwekushandiswa kwevhu, kusvibiswa nenitrate, nezvimwe. Mambure mhedzisiro ndeyekuti rimwe resimba rakanyura rinovharirwa munharaunda, uye nzvimbo yepasi inodziya (IPCC).

Chii chinonzi global dimming

Muchidimbu, kupera kwepasi rose kwakapesana, kunyangwe kupokana uku kuine nuanced. Global dimming izwi rinoreva kudzikira kwemwaranzi yezuva inosvika paPasi nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemwaranzi wezuva. Iyo albedo yemakore akaderera inogadzira kutonhora kwepamusoro.

Zvinotendwa sekuwedzera kweaerosols emuchadenga, senge kabhoni dema (marasha) kana sulfur makomisheni, anokonzerwa nemabasa evanhu, kunyanya kupisa kwemafuta emafuta eindasitiri nekufambisa. Kuderera kwepasi rose kunogona kuita kuti vesainzi vasatarise kukanganiswa kwemagasi egreenhouse, vachivhara zvishoma kudziya kwepasi. Migumisiro inosiyana nenzvimbo, asi pasi rose, kudzikiswa kwakatenderedza 4% pamakumi matatu emakore (1970-1990). Maitiro akadzoserwa kumashure muma90 nekuda kwematanho ekudzikisa zvinosvibisa zvinooneka.

Uchapupu hwepasi rose dimming

Ngationei kuti humbowo hwakasiyana hwepasi rose dimming ndedzipi:

Kuderera kwemwaranzi yezuva inosvika pasi

Basa rekutanga rakaburitswa rinoita kunge nderaAtsushi Omura pakati pemakore ekuma1980, akawana kuti mwaranzi wezuva waisvika paPasi wakanga wadzikira zvinopfuura 10 muzana zvichienzaniswa nemakore makumi matatu apfuura.

Nekune rimwe divi, Gerald Stanhill akaona kudzikira kwakanyanya kwe22% kwechiedza chezuva muIsrael pakati pa1950 na1980 vachiyera kusimba kwechiedza chezuva pachirongwa chekudiridza muIsrael. Stanhill akagadzira izwi rekuti global attenuation kana global attenuation.

Mune chimwe chikamu chePasi, Beate Liepert akasvika pamhedziso yakafanana muWild Alps. Saka, kushanda zvakasununguka, mhedzisiro yakafanana yakawanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi: Pakati pa1950 na1990, mwero wesimba rezuva rinosvika paPasi rakadonha ne9% muAntarctica, negumi muzana muUnited States. 10% muUnited States. Russia neUnited Kingdom 30%). Nhamba huru dzekudzikisira dzakawanikwa munzvimbo dzepakati dzeNorthern Hemisphere, nematunhu ekuona uye infrared spectrum ndiwo akanyanya kukanganiswa.

Kuderera kwehuwandu hwemvura mutireyi kana tangi

Chimwe chidzidzo chinobatsira zvikuru kana tichienzanisa mhedzisiro ndeiya yekubuda kwemvura muhari (chiyero chekubuda kwezuva nezuva kunogadzirwa nebepa remvura yehumwe ukobvu). Marekodhi evaporation akanyatsorongedzwa mukati memakore makumi mashanu apfuura.

Nekuda kwekukwira kuri kuita tembiricha yepasirese, tingatarisira kuti mweya uchaoma uye kuwanda kwekubuda kwemhepo kubva panyika. Muma1990, masayendisiti akanyevera kuti, nenzira inoshamisa, zvakacherekedzwa pamusoro pamakore 50 apfuura zvakanga zvaratidza zvakasiyana. Mhedzisiro yaRoderick naFarquhar kubva mukudzidza kwavo kwekubuda mumhepo poto yakaderedza kunyungudika mumakore makumi mashanu apfuura.

Kuderera kwemazinga epasi rose evaporation dhisiki kunoratidza shanduko huru mukutenderera kwemvura yepasirese izvo zvinogona kutungamira kune zvakakosha zvakatipoteredza uye zvemagariro nehupfumi.

Condensation nzira kubva ndege

Dzimwe nyanzvi dzezvemamiriro ekunze, dzakadai saDavid Travis, dzinofungidzira kuti nzira dzejeti dzinogona kunge dzine chekuita nekuderera kwepasi. Commercial air traffic yakavhiringwa kwemazuva matatu mushure me11/2001, XNUMX, ichipa mukana wekuona mamiriro ekunze eUS pasina zvinofungidzirwa mhedzisiro uye zvakangoitika zvemamiriro ekunze kugadzikana (nyaya isingawanzo kuitika).

Migumisiro yakawanikwa yakati fadza. Tembiricha (maererano nekupisa kwekupisa) kwakawedzera ne1ºC kwemazuva matatu, zvichiratidza kuti kuvapo kwezvipingamupinyi zvendege kunogona kuwedzera tembiricha dzehusiku uye/kana kudzikisira tembiricha dzemasikati kusvika pamwero mukuru kupfuura zvaifungwa kare.

Migumisiro

Mamwe masayendisiti iye zvino anotenda kuti mhedzisiro yepasi rose dimming inovhara mhedzisiro yekudziya kwepasi, saka kugadzirisa kuderera kwepasirese. inogona kuve nekukanganisa kwakakosha uye kusingatarisike patembiricha yepasi pegungwa.

Imwe fungidziro ndeyekuti tembiricha inodziya inogona kukonzeresa nekukasira uye kusingadzoreki kutiza kwehofori yemethane hydrate yakavharirwa pasi pegungwa, ichiburitsa methane gas (IPCC), imwe yemagasi ane simba egreenhouse.

Pamusoro pemigumisiro yepasi rose, chiitiko chepasi rose dimming zvakare chine mhedzisiro yedunhu. Dota rinoputika mumhepo rinogona kudzosa mwaranzi yezuva mudenga uye kutonhodza pasi. Kuvapo kwezvimedu zvinosvibisa mumhepo zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko ehutano muvanhu (repiratory system).

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve global dimming uye maitiro ayo.