El glacialism inozivikanwa senhevedzano yezviitiko zvine chekuita nemazaya echando. Kana ari iwo, mazaya echando mazaya echando anoungana munzvimbo dzine makomo dzakafukidzwa nesinou yechigarire, ine chikamu chezasi chinotsvedza zvishoma nezvishoma sorwizi. Glacierism inova yakakosha zvakanyanya mukutarisana neiyo geological kudzidza yemipata nemakomo.
Nechikonzero ichi, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kukuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve glacialism uye glaciers.
Chii chinonzi glacialism
Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti glacialism inowanzoshandiswa sechirevo che glaciation. Mafungiro ese aya anogona kureva kusikwa kwemazaya echando uye kupindira kweaizi kwakaitika munzvimbo dzakakura dzakati wandei munguva yakapfuura.
Kunyanya, glaciation, nguva yakareba kwazvo panguva iyo tembiricha yePasi inodonha, inoita kuti mazaya echando uye mazaya echando anoyangarara mumakungwa egungwa awedzere. Muchiitiko ichi, tinofanira kutaura nezvenguva dzakasiyana dzechando, iyo ichangoburwa inonzi Würm, iyo yakatanga makore 110.000 XNUMX apfuura uye yakatora makore angangoita miriyoni.
Sechokwadi chinonakidza, tinofanira kutaura kuti, maererano nenzira iyo bazi re geography yepanyama rinotsanangura pfungwa yeglaciology, chimwe chemaitiro ayo makuru ndiko kuvapo kwechando chechando mumativi maviri ehemispheres (Maodzanyemba neMaodzanyemba). Kana zvakadaro, tichiri muzera reaizi nhasi, sezvo dzose Antarctica neGreenland dzine mazaya echando.
Chii chinonzi glaciers
Mazaya echando anotendwa sezvisaririra zvenguva yekupedzisira yechando. Panguva iyoyo, tembiricha yakadzikira zvakanyanya yaimanikidza aizi kuti iyerere ichienda kunzvimbo dzakaderera uko mamiriro okunze ava kudziya. Nhasi tinogona kuwana marudzi akasiyana-siyana echando mumakomo emakondinendi ose kunze kweAustralia nezvimwe zvitsuwa zvegungwa. Pakati pe latitude 35°N ne35°S, mazaya echando zvinogona kungoonekwa muRocky Mountains, Andes, Himalayas, New Guinea, Mexico, East Africa, uye Mount Zad Kuh. (Iran).
Mazaya echando anotora chikamu chegumi kubva muzana chepasi rose rePasi. Anowanzo kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzealpine nekuti mamiriro ekunze anoifarira. Kureva kuti tembiricha yakaderera uye kunaya kwakanyanya. Tinoziva nezvemhando yekunaya kwemvura inonzi kunaya kwegomo, kunoitika kana mweya wasimuka uye wozopedzisira waita kudonha. mvura inonaya pamusoro pegomo. Kana tembiricha ikaramba iri pasi pe 0 madhigirii, kunaya uku kuchaita sechando uye kunozopedzisira kwagadzikana kusvika chando chaita.
Mazaya echando anowanikwa mumakomo marefu uye munzvimbo dzine makomo ane mazita akasiyana. Aya anoonekwa mumakomo marefu anonzi alpine glaciers, nepo polar glaciers anonzi maaizi echando. Munguva yekudziya, mamwe anoburitsa meltwater nekuda kwekunyunguduka kweaizi, zvichigadzira miviri yakakosha yemvura yezvirimwa nemhuka. Zvakare, inobatsira zvikuru kuvanhu sezvo mvura iyi inopihwa vanhu. Ndiro dhamu guru remvura ine tsvina paNyika, rine zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzvina zvemvura yakachena.
Girazi rakagadzirwa nezvikamu zvakasiyana.
- Kuunganidza nzvimbo. Ndiyo nzvimbo yepamusoro soro panowira chando uye inoungana.
- Nzvimbo yekudzorera. Munharaunda ino maitiro ekubatanidza uye kubuda kwemhepo kunoitika. Ndipo pane iyo glacier inosvika pachiyero pakati pekuwedzera uye kurasikirwa kwemahombe.
- Kutsemuka. Idzi ndidzo nzvimbo dzinoyerera chando nekukurumidza.
- Moraines. Aya ndiwo mabhande erima anoumbwa nezvidimbu zvinoumba pamacheto nemusoro. Matombo anodhonzwa nechando anochengetwa uye kuumbwa munzvimbo idzi.
- Chiteshi. Ndiwo mugumo wezasi weaizi apo chando chakaunganidzwa chinonyunguduka.
embossed chimiro
Pfungwa ye glacialism inowanzoshandiswa kureva maitiro ekuyamura ekuenzanisa zvichienderana nekudonha kuri pachena kwekushisa, izvo zvinopa kusimudzira kwechando. Nenzira iyi, kana kudonha kunoramba kuchiita tembiricha kwakanyorwa munzvimbo, glacier inoumbwa: glaciation inoitika.
Nokudaro, glaciation inokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze. Semuenzaniso, kana glacier ichiita, inokura nekuda kwekupa kweaizi kubva mumvura yakaomeswa nechando, kudonha kwechando uye mafungu. Maglaciers, zvakare, anorasikirwa nehuwandu kuburikidza nekuparadzaniswa uye evaporation ye icebergs. Musiyano uripo pakati pekurasikirwa nekuwanda kwehuwandu unonzi glacial equilibrium.
Glacierism muQuaternary
Kunyangwe isu tichigona kuwana humbowo hwekunaya kwechando munguva dzakasiyana dze geological epoch, iyo inonzi Quaternary glaciation ndiyo inomutsa kufarira kwakanyanya kune vaongorori nekuti nhaka yayo inogona kucherechedzwa mune yazvino mamiriro. Chero zvazvingava, zvakakodzera kujekesa kuti zita iri rakapiwawo kuPleistocene uye harifaniri kuvhiringidzwa neHolocene.
Iyo Pleistocene glaciations yakaitika semhedzisiro yekutonhora kwakasiyana pulsations kana glaciation yeQuaternary, ayo anotevera: Gunz, Mindel, Riss uye Würm. Mazuva ano, zvakajairika kubvuma kumwe kuvapo, kuya kunonzi Donan, kuchava pamberi pezvimwe zvina.
Kuona zvese izvi, muIberian Peninsula, nzvimbo yechando inosanganisira nhamba huru yemisangano. Humbowo hwakakodzera hweQuaternary glacial action yatakawana muIberian Cordillera ndiyo yakawanda inonzi Moncayo: Castilla, inozivikanwawo sePeña Negra, Lobera neMoncayo, ine kukwirira kwe2118 m uye 2226 m zvakateerana uye 2316 m. Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva ine makomo akadzikira akadai seSierra del Taranzo neSierra del Tablado.
Kudziya kwepasi rose
Kubatana uku kuri pakati pemazaya echando nemamiriro ekunze kwakaita kuti mazaya echando ave musoro wenyaya inofarirwa nemasayendisiti nevanochengetedza. Mupfungwa iyi, kudziya kwepasi rose kunokanganisa kutsetseka kwechando uye kunokurudzira kudzoka nekunyangarika kwemazaya echando. Ichi ndicho chikonzero kuedza kunonoka uye kugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kwakakosha kupasi.
Sezvauri kuona, glacialism inova yakakosha mukudzidza kweiyo geology yemipata nemakomo. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve glacialism uye maitiro ayo.