Munhu agara achida kuziva mafambiro ekunze. Pane zvakawanda zvakagadzirwa kuti zviedze kufanoziva. Imwe yacho ndeye Girazi remhepo. Iyo inozivikanwawo sekristaro yedutu uye chishandiso chinoda kuziva chinoshandiswa kufanotaura mamiriro ekunze. Kunyangwe ichingozivikanwa pakati pevateveri vemeteorology, X yaive yatoshandiswa nevafambisi vezvikepe muzana remakore rechiXNUMX.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza kuti Storm Glass chii, maitiro ayo ndeapi uye kuti inoshandiswa sei.
Chii chinonzi Storm Glass
Ichi chigadziro chinonakidza chigadziko chegirazi chakavharwa chakazadzwa nemusanganiswa wezvinwiwa zvakasiyana, zvinwiwa izvi zvinotora maumbirwo akasiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze uye zvinogona kufanotaura mamiriro ekunze munguva pfupi. Zvikamu zvikuru zvemusanganiswa uyu ivo imvura yakasvibiswa uye ethanol. Iinewo zvishoma zve potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, uye camphor. Iwe unofanirwa kuchenjerera nehurongwa hwekusanganiswa, nokuti kana kuwedzerwa kunoitwa mune imwe nzira, inoputika.
Unogona sei kufanotaura mamiriro ekunze?
Kuchinja kwekushisa kwemhepo uye kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kunogona kukonzera shanduko mukunyungudika kwemusanganiswa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera shanduko mukuonekwa kwemvura. Iyo yakakura kana kushoma turbidity yakagadzwa naFitzroy kana kuvapo kana kusavapo kwezvikero, makristallite kana filamentous zvimiro. inochinja nekufamba kwenguva kwemaawa mashoma anotevera. Mvura yakajeka, isina tsvina, chiratidzo chedenga rebhuruu uye nzvimbo ine zuva, uye kana ikatanga kufukidza, inoshanduka kuita gore uye inogona kunaya.
Kana makwapa madiki akaonekwa mumvura, mhute kana mhute inogona kutarisirwa, nepo yechando, inogona kusvika (mumamiriro ekunze akanaka) pachava neminhenga michena, yakaita seminhenga dzimwe nguva inoumba ice. Kana makristasi mamwe chete aya akaonekwa mumvura ine makore pachinzvimbo chemvura yakachena, saka tichasangana nemabhanan’ana kana mabhanan’ana. Kududzirwa kwakarurama kwezviumbwa izvi kunobvumira mamiriro ekunze kufanotaurwa maawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika ku24 pachine nguva.
Muvambi weStorm Glass
Kunze kwemugadziri wegirazi remhepo, Fritz roy iyewo munhu akakosha mukuvandudzwa kwemeteorology. Sekubvumidzwa neRoyal Society, network yezviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze makumi maviri neina yakashandiswa kutumira ruzivo kuLondon kuburikidza neteregiramu. Paakatanga rwendo rwake rwechipiri rweBeagle, FitzRoy aipfeka zvisingaverengeki barometers uye 24 wachi dzemuchadenga kugadzirisa maverengero anowanikwa latitude.
Akasika mamepu emamiriro ekunze kuti afungidzire mativi emuchadenga nemafambiro awo. Asi chido chake chechokwadi kufanotaura mamiriro ekunze, kuitenda kunogona kuponesa upenyu. Neiyi nzira, akakurudzira vapepeti vepepanhau reLondon The Times kuti vaise mishumo yemamiriro okunze mumabhuku avo. Nokudaro, musi waAugust 1, 1861, chikamu chekutanga chemamiriro ekunze chenhau chakabudiswa.
Kufanotaura uye maitiro
Pamusana pekuchinja kwechitarisiko chemusanganiswa nekuda kwekushanduka kwemhepo, girazi rinotibvumira kuti tiite nzvimbo, nguva pfupi yemamiriro ekunze. Semuenzaniso, kana mamiriro ekunze achitarisirwa kuve akadzikama, akaoma uye ezuva, girazi rinoratidzika kunge risina tsvina uye rakajeka. Kana ikaita makore, chiratidzo chemakore uye mvura inogona kunaya. Kana mukati memvura muine mavara madiki, panogona kunge paine mhute kana mhute.
Pazuva rakajeka, kana ukatanga kuona minhenga diki chena, yakaita sespike ichigadzira makristasi echando, mikana iripo mamiriro okunze anoshatisa uye pakupedzisira ichando. Mukupedzisira, kana makristasi mamwe chete aya achionekwa semvura ine makore pachinzvimbo chekubuda pachena, chiratidzo chakajeka chedutu - nekudaro zita rekuti Storm Glass.
Nzira yekugadzira Storm Glass
Kuti uite Dutu Girazi, unofanirwa kunyatsoyera munyu uye camphor, uye kuyera huwandu hwedoro nemvura. Paunenge uchiyera, unogona kushandisa chiyero chezvishongo zveChinese nekururama kwe 0.01 G. Unogona kushandisa silinda yakapedza kudzidza kana kuyera chubhu kuyera vhoriyamu, kana iwe unogona kuyera mvura zvichienderana nekuwanda kwayo.
Iwe unogona pakarepo kuwedzera camphor kune mudziyo wakagadzirirwa midziyo uye kuwedzera doro, kana iwe unogona kuinyungudutsa mu2/3 yehuwandu hwakaverengerwa hwedoro, Tumira mhinduro kune dutu regirazi mudziyo uye sukurudza nedoro rakasara. Zvadaro pedza munyu mumvura, wedzera mhinduro inoguma yemunyu kune camphor solution uye fambisa zvakafanana (unogona kuvhara cork uye kuishandura kana kuizunungusa kakawanda). Panofanira kunge kune imwe air cork pakati pemhinduro uye pasi. Muchiitiko ichi, camphor ichawa nenzira yemvura yakachena, ichiratidza kururamisa kwekufamba.
Wobva wavhara mudziyo nechivharo kuitira kuti mabhuru ese emhepo ayangamire, vavhure kwekanguva kuti vaenzanise kumanikidzwa, kuvhara uye kuisa sealer, uye kuitora kunze kusvikira yatonhorera. Mhepo yakapedzwa inofanira kugadziriswa vertically pane matte dema kumashure uye kuiswa kwete kure nehwindo, asi kure nemhepo yekupisa uye zvimwe zvekupisa. Mushure mevhiki imwe chete, iyo camphor precipitate ichadzika uye yakaparadzana makristasi achaonekwa.
Iwe unogona kazhinji kuwana mazano asiri iwo kana anokuvadza kana kusiiwa. Ndichanyora mamwe acho:
- Hazvibviri kuvhara girazi redutu nechivharo cherabha, izvo zvichange zvisingadzivisiki kuita kuti musanganiswa ushanduke yero, uye iyo nguva yakareba, iyo yakawanda saturated ruvara ruchava.
- Wobva wavhara mudziyo neplug, bvumira mabhuru ese ayangarara, vhura kwechinguva kuenzanisa kudzvanywa, kuvhara uye kuisa sealer, bvisa kutonhora.
- Iyo yakapedzwa Storm Glass inofanira kuiswa panzvimbo yakatwasuka pane matte dema kumashure uye kuiswa kwete kure nehwindo, asi kure nekudziya masisitimu uye zvimwe zvinodziya midziyo yekudziya. Mushure mevhiki imwe chete, iyo camphor precipitate ichadzika uye yakaparadzana makristasi achaonekwa.
- Zvakakodzera kuvhara mudziyo nemusanganiswa, kana zvisingakwanisi kuisunga, unogona kushandisa chivharo chegirazi chepasi pasina lubrication, kana fluoroplastic / polyethylene stopper, chinomira chinofanira kuvimbisa kusimba kwakakwana kwemudziyo, zviri nyore kuti pakupedzisira ugadzirise ne epoxy resin, uchiisa. munhanho yekukora kumusoro kwecap.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Storm Glass uye maitiro ayo.