Un geostationary satellite ndeuyo ane urefu nekumhanya kunofanana nekutenderera kwePasi uye inoita kunge yakamira paNyika. Vanogona kuvhara nzvimbo dzakakura uye kupa masevhisi sesatellite TV, redhiyo, mamiriro ekunze, nezvimwe. Aya masetellite akakosha zvikuru kumunhu.
Naizvozvo, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze nezve hunhu, nzvimbo, tekinoroji uye zvimwe zvakawanda zve geostationary satellite.
Chii chinonzi geostationary satellite
Zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvezera remuchadenga zvakave netapuro yakadaro paupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva, sekugadzirwa kwemasatellite ekutaurirana. Mumakumi mashomanana emakore, vakasvika kunyange kunzvimbo dziri kure zvikuru dzenyika nenzira iyoyo vakanga vasingafungidziriki nguva pfupi yapfuura.
Kutaura idi, nhasi kunobvira kutaura zvakananga navakwiri veMount Everest kana kuti kukurukura kupfurikidza neInternet neinodokuva gadziriro ipi neipi yekombuyuta iri pamusoro pePasi, zvose kupfurikidza nebetsero yemasatelliti ekurukurirano.
Nhaurirano masetellite anoshanda mumhando dzakawanda dzekutenderera, kubva pasi-Earth nyeredzi seGlobalstar kusvika kune eccentric uye yakarerekera zvakanyanya Molniya orbit inoshandiswa neRussian Federation. Nekudaro, iyo inonyanya kukosha mhando yekutenderera kune aya satellite ndiyo geostationary orbit, iyo yakakodzera kwete chete kune setiraiti yekutaurirana, asiwo yekutarisa mamiriro ekunze uye mamwe akawanda marudzi ekushandisa.
Geostationary satellites orbit the equator nekumhanya kwakafanana nekutenderera kweNyika, kamwe chete pazuva, uye kuenderana negeostationary orbit. Vanotenderera vachitenderera a inenge yakatarwa paPasi paEquator pachinhambwe chemakiromita 35.900. Kumisikidzwa uku kunobvumira kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa kweimwe nzvimbo nepo ndima yekuona ichivhara chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chePasi.
Dzinorara paEquator yePasi chaipo uye dzinotenderera paNyika mumikoto yedenderedzwa. Dzinotenderera nekumhanya kwakafanana uye kwakananga (kumadokero kuenda kumabvazuva) sePasi, zvichiita kuti dzimire kubva pamusoro pePasi. A geostationary satellite inofanirwa kunge iri chinhambwe kubva kuPasi, zvikasadaro inodonha muhupamhi, saka kana ikasvika kure zvakanyanya nePasi, ichapukunyuka zvachose pasi rinokwevera pasi.
Geostationary satellites akagadziridza uye akashandura kutaurirana pasi rese, kubva panhepfenyuro yeterevhizheni kuenda kune mamiriro ekunze. Ivo zvakare vane akati wandei akakosha maapplication munzvimbo dzehungwaru nemauto zano.
Mhando huru
Izwi rekuti geostationary satellite rinobva pakuti masatelliti akadaro anoonekwa anenge akamira mudenga kana achionekwa kubva pamusoro pePasi. Nzira dze orbital dze geostationary satellite dzinozivikanwa seClark's bhandi, rakatumidzwa zita remunyori wengano dzesainzi Arthur Clark, uyo anonzi nepfungwa iyi.
Akaburitsa bepa muna 1945 achikurudzira kuti masatellite ekugadzira anogona kushandiswa senzira yekutaurirana mushure mekudzidza rocketry research yakaitwa kuGermany munguva yeHondo Yenyika II. Yekutanga yakabudirira geosynchronous orbit yaive muna 1963 uye yekutanga geostationary orbit muna 1964.
Kana setiraiti kana spacecraft iri mugeosynchronous orbit, inoyananiswa nekutenderera kwePasi, asi orbit yacho inorerekera yakananga kuequatorial plane. Masetellita ari mumigwagwa iyi anochinja latitude asi anogara ari pa longitude imwechete. Izvi zvinosiyana negeostationary orbit nekuti ma satellite anofamba panzvimbo uye haana kuvharirwa panzvimbo imwe chete mudenga.
Geostationary satellites anogara munzvimbo imwechete achivhara nzvimbo imwechete yePasi uye anogona kupa masevhisi, senge terevhizheni, nharembozha, uye kufungidzira. nzvimbo dzakananga kana nzvimbo dzePasi pasi nenzira inofanotaurwa uye inowirirana. Setiraiti inofanirwa kugara ichifambiswa kune imwe nzvimbo.
Geostationary satellite nzvimbo
Aya ma satellite anowanikwa pakakwirira, izvo zvinovabvumira kuyera nzvimbo yese yepasi, kunze kwenzvimbo diki dziri kumaodzanyemba nekuchamhembe poles, iyo inobatsira mukuongorora kwemamiriro ekunze. Madhishi esatellite anotungamira zvakanyanya anoderedza kukanganiswa kwechiratidzo kubva kune zvepasi uye mamwe masatellite.
An orbital sector irin'i yakatetepa kwazvo mundege ye equatorial; saka, nhamba shoma yemasatelliti inogona kugara mukati mechikamu ichocho pasina kupokana uye kudhumhana. Iyo chaiyo chinzvimbo che geostationary satellite inochinja zvishoma yega yega 24-awa nguva. Kuchinja kwakadaro kunoitika nekuda kwekuvhiringika kwegiravhiti pakati pemasatellite, Nyika, Zuva, Mwedzi, nemamwe mapuraneti.
Zvinotora inenge 1/4 sekondi kuti redhiyo ifambe ichienda nekubva kune satellite, zvichikonzera diki asi yakakosha chiratidzo latency. Kumirira uku idambudziko rekufambiswa kwemashoko, sekutaura parunhare.
geostationary orbit
Geostationary orbit inzira yakakosha mukati umo chero satellite ichaonekwa yakamira panzvimbo yakapihwa pamusoro pePasi. Zvakadaro, Kusiyana nemamwe marudzi ekutenderera, ayo anogona kuva nenhamba yakawanda, geostationary orbit ine imwe chete.
Kune chero geostationary orbit, inofanira kutanga yave geosynchronous orbit. Geosynchronous orbit inzira ipi neipi ine nguva yakaenzana nenguva yekutenderera kweNyika.
Nekudaro, ichi chinodiwa hachina kukwana kuvimbisa chinzvimbo chakamira maererano nePasi. Nepo ese geostationary orbits anofanirwa kunge ari geostationary, haasi ese geostationary orbits ari geostationary. Zvinosuruvarisa, mazwi aya anowanzoshandiswa zvakasiyana.
Nguva zhinji, tinofunga nezvekutenderera kweNyika sekuyerwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yeZuva.Zvisinei, sezvo zuva richifamba richienderana nenyeredzi (inertial space) nekuda kwekutenderera kwePasi, kureva zuva rezuva harisi nguva yekutenderera. .
A geosynchronous satellite inotenderera Pasi munguva imwe chete yenguva yainotora kuti Nyika itenderere kamwe chete munzvimbo ine inertial (kana yakatarwa). Nguva iyi inozivikanwa sezuva reparutivi uye yakaenzana ne23:56:04 kureva nguva yezuva. Kusipo chero imwe mhedzisiro, nguva imwe neimwe setiraiti ine nguva iyi inodzokera kune imwe nzvimbo mukutenderera kwayo, Nyika inozvimisa nenzira imwechete munzvimbo inertial.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve geostationary satellite uye maitiro ayo.