Zvisikwa zvinotipa zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinoshamisa uye zvinofadza senge hwema hwemvura. Zvirokwazvo iko kunhuhwirira kunounza iwe chishuwo uye kunzwa kwekufamba kwenguva uye ndiko kune kwako kufarira. Mushure menguva yakareba yekusanaya kwemvura, panodonha madonhwe ekutanga emvura, unogona kuona kunhuwirira kunotapira kunotumira mhepo yese uye kutinyevera kuti mwaka wemvura wave kusvika. Nekudaro, huwandu hwevanhu hauzive kuti ndeipi michina inoita kuti mhepo itore kunhuwirira uku. Tsananguro yeiyi iri mukomboni inonzi geosmin inova inokonzera munhuwi uyu unozivikanwa nezita rekuti petricor.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve geosmin, hunhu hwayo uye nei ichigadzira hwema hwemvura.
Chii
Kana tichitaura nezve petricor tinoreva kunhuwirira kwekuti mvura inotangira painonaya, kunyanya mushure menguva yakareba yekusanaya kwemvura. Kunhuwirira uku kunodhakisa mhepo yese kunokonzerwa nekomboni inonzi geosmin. Geosmin ndiye mukomboni unoona nezvekuvanzika kwemabhakitiriya kana mvura yanaya pasi.
Iyo huru inokonzeresa kugadzirwa kwegeosmin ibhakitiriya Streptomyces coelicolor. Inozivikanwawo nezita rekuti Albert mabhakitiriya. Pamwe chete nemamwe ma cyanobacteria uye mamwe mafungi anogara muvhu ndeaya anogoneswa kana mvura ikanyorovesa pasi. Geosmin haisi kungowanikwa mune zvidimbu zvinoyangarara mumhepo mushure mekuuya kwemvura. Icho zvakare chinhu chinopa hunhu hwehunhu hwebeet. Isu tinoziva kuti nyuchi dzine hwema hwevhu hunomira panongovhurwa.
Imwe yenzvimbo dzatinowana geosmin iri mune hwema hweimwe waini.
Kupararira uye chiito che geosmin
Tichaona kuti ndedzipi nzira huru dzekuita idzo geosmin inadzo uye kuti dzinoparadzira sei mhepo. Kwenguva yekutanga masayendisiti akatarisa mukugona kutsanangura mashandiro ayo geosmin inokwanisa kupararira nemumhepo. Kuti vatsanangure izvi, boka revatsvakurudzi rakashandisa makamera anomhanya-mhanya uye inki ye fluorescent. Vakashandisa izvi kuti vakwanise kutora firimu zvakadzama zvinoitika kana madonhwe emvura akanganisa ivhu rizere nehutachiona hwataurwa pamusoro apa.
Mushure mekuita marekodhi zvakaonekwa kuti, pakadonha mvura, anobata matubvu madiki emhepo uye anoipwanya pasi. Kana donhwe remvura radzikama chete, matubvu emvura anokwira kumusoro uye oputika, achiratidza majeti madiki anoturikidzana zvidimbu zvemvura mumhepo. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti zvinoitika zvakafanana neapo gasi rinoburitswa kubva muchinwiwa chekabhoni senge champagne kana doro. Aya mabhuru anofamba achikwira kuburikidza nebhutsu kuputika mumhepo kana ichinge yasvika pamusoro.
Kamwe painoputika, mashoma eerosol kubva pasi anosunungurwa, ayo anokonzera kupararira kweiyo petricor kunhuwirira. Chimwe nechimwe chezvidimbu chinotakura zviuru zvebhakitiriya zvinokwanisa kurarama kusvika paawa mumhepo. Saka, iye petricor kazhinji haagare kwenguva yakareba kupfuura ino nguva. Aya mabhakitiriya anokonzera hwema hwevhu nyowani hwatinoona kana kwanaya.
Zvishandiso zve geosmin mabhakitiriya
Kune ongororo dzinoverengeka dzinoenderana nemabhakitiriya aya kune kumwe kushandiswa uye zvinoshandiswa zvinogona kupihwa. Ose mageosmin uye mabhakitiriya ayo akavigwa panguva yekunaya kwemvura, haana kukuvadza kuvanhu. Uye zvakare, zvinozivikanwa kuti ivo vanoshandiswa kuwana runyorwa rurefu rwemishonga pakati payo inorwisa mabhakitiriya akadai tetracycline, erythromycin, rifampin, kana kanamycin, uye zvinhu zvekudzivirira senge nystatin.
Kumwe kushandiswa kwekudzidza kwegeosmin kunoitwa mushure mekuziva kwemamorekuru mabhesheni uye biosynthesis yegeosmin. Kuziva mashandiro echikamu ichi, avo vanoda waini yakanaka vanogona kubatsirwa uye kunyanya vanhu vane hunyanzvi hwekupa. Kuvapo kwegeosmin kunogona kuve kurota chaiko kune vanogadzira waini, nekuti kuvepo kweanonhuwirira uku kunogona kukanganisa hunhu hwechigadzirwa. Kutenda neruzivo rwe biosynthesis yemukomboni iyi, mamwe mazano anogona kupihwa ekudzora kana kubvisa kuvapo kwawo mune mamwe mawaini kuitira kuti ivandudze hunhu hwavo.
Kunyangwe zvingave zvisingaite kunge zvine hukama mukanwa mavanogadzira waini vane nyota yengamera zvakabatana chose. Kukosha kwechinhu ichi padanho rekuzvarwa kunosanganisirwa mukupona kwengamera mumarenje. Iyo geosmin, iyo morekuru yaive chiratidzo kumakamera kuti mvura iri padyo. Uye ndeekuti mamwe ngamera emugwenga reGobi anokwanisa kuwana mvura anopfuura makiromita makumi masere kure. Ichokwadi chekuti ngamera dzinogona kuwana mvura kubva kure zvakadaro chinhu chakatsanangurwa nemasayendisiti kwemakore mazhinji.
Nekuwanikwa kwe geosmin nehunhu hwayo, inogona kuve mashandiro ekuti mhuka dziparadzire ma spores eaya ma microorganism kuitira kuti uzive pane mvura.
Zvinotaridza kuti mugwenga, Streptomyces inoburitsa geosmin munzvimbo yakanyorova, iyo inogona kutorwa nemafuta anogamuchirwa mumakamera. Izvo zvinofungidzirwa kuti hwema hwe geosmin inogona kunge iri nzira yekuti mhuka dziparadzire mabara eaya ma microorganisms. Nekudaro, kana ngamera dzonwa mvura, dzinowaridza mhodzi kwadzo kwadzinoenda, zvichibatsira kupararira. Asi ichi chinoratidzika sediki chinhu, geosmin, inogona kunge iri nyaya yehupenyu nerufu kumakamera. Kana iyo geneti mutation ikaitika mune zvakasikwa zvinotyisa kune idzi mhuka. Uye zvakare, kwete chete kuti ngamera dzinokwezvwa nekunhuhwirira kwegeosmin, asi mamwe makonye nezvipembenene zvinokwanisawo kunongedza kubuda kweaya mabhakitiriya.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve geosmin uye nehunhu hwayo.