ari geomagnetic dutu nyonganiso musimba reMagineti rePasi rinogara kubva maawa mashoma kuenda kumazuva. Mabviro avo ndeekunze uye anokonzerwa nekuwedzera kamwe kamwe kwezvikamu zvinobudiswa nemagetsi ezuva anosvika kune magnetosphere, zvichiita shanduko muNyika yemagineti. Madutu eGeomagnetic ari epasi rose mune zvakasikwa uye anotanga panzvimbo dzese paPasi panguva imwe chete. Zvisinei, ukuru hwemadutu anocherechedzwa hunosiyana-siyana munzvimbo nenzvimbo, uye nekukwirira kwelatitude, ndiko kukura kwacho.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza kuti geomagnetic madutu chii, maitiro avo uye njodzi.
Kuumbwa kwe geomagnetic storms
Kuitika kwemadutu e geomagnetic kune hukama nebasa rezuva. Zuva rinogara richibudisa zvimedu mune inonzi "solar wind." Zvimedu izvi kazhinji hazvipindi mumhepo yePasi nekuti zvinotsauswa neMagineti yeNyika.
Zvisinei, Zuva harina basa rinogara richiitwa, asi rinoratidza chiitiko chinosiyana kwenguva yakareba yemakore gumi nerimwe, mune inonzi "solar cycle", iyo inofananidzwa nehuwandu hwemasunspots ainoona munguva imwe neimwe. nguva. . Munguva iyi yemakore gumi nerimwe kutenderera, Zuva rakasiyana kubva pakuita kushoma uye kupotsa kunyangarika kwezuva kusvika kune yakakwira chiitiko nekuwedzera kwakakura kwenhamba yezuva.
Sunspots inoenderana nematunhu inotonhorera muphotosphere yezuva apo simba remagineti rakasimba zvikuru uye rinoonekwa senzvimbo dzinoshanda dzezuva. Iri mune idzi sunspots kuti solar flares uye coronal mass ejections (CMEs) inogadzirwa. ) Inopindirana nekuputika kwechisimba kunokanda zvinhu zvakawanda zvekoronal mukati meinterplanetary medium, nokudaro kugadzirisa kuwanda kwemhepo yezuva uye kumhanya kwayo.
Kana maCME akakura zvakakwana uye achiitika mugwara rePasi, kuwanda kwekuwanda uye kumhanya kwemhepo yezuva kunogona kukanganisa magineti ePasi, zvichiita madutu egeomagnetic. Izvi zvinokanganisa pasi rose panguva imwe chete, uye zvichienderana nekukurumidza kwemhepo yezuva inosvika pakudzinga zvine chisimba, vanogona kutora zuva kana mazuva mashomanana kuti zviitike, sezvo chiitiko ichi chinoitika paZuva.
Mumakore achangopfuura, huwandu hwemasatellite missions akaunzwa muchadenga kuti tarisa kushanda kwezuva kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana uye kukwanisa kunyevera nezve coronal mass ejection inogona kukanganisa Pasi.
Nzira yekuyera sei geomagnetic dutu?
Dutu regeomagnetic rinorekodhwa panzvimbo dzegeomagnetic observatories senyonganiso yakangoerekana yavapo inokanganisa zvikamu zvePasi remagineti uye inoenderera kwezuva rimwe kana kupfuura kusvika kudzikama kwadzoreredzwa.
to quantify ukuru hwemadutu egeomagnetic iyo Geomagnetic Index yakashandiswa. Pakati peizvi, inonyanya kushandiswa indekisi yeDst, inomiririra kuita kwemagineti yetiweki mana geomagnetic observatories iri pedyo nemagnetic equator, uye indekisi yemaawa matatu, inomiririra chiitiko.
Geomagnetism inoitwa maawa matatu oga oga. Pakati pekupedzisira, iyo K index ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa, inova quasi-logarithmic geomagnetic index, inomiririra kukanganisa kwenzvimbo ye geomagnetic field, uye yakavakirwa pa diurnal kusiyanisa curve ye geomagnetic observatory pamazuva akadzikama. Izvi zvinopimwa nemaawa matatu. Pamwero wepuraneti, iyo Kp index inotsanangurwa, iyo inowanikwa nekuverenga huremu hweavhareji yeK indices inocherechedzwa mune network yepasi rose ye geomagnetic observatories.
Iyo US agency NOAA yakatsanangura chikero kuyera kusimba uye kukanganisa kwemadutu e geomagnetic. Iyo ine zvishanu zvinogoneka kukosha (G1 kusvika G5) ine hukama neiyo Kp index kukosha kwakasvika uye inomiririra. avhareji frequency yazvinoitika mune yega yega kutenderera kwezuva.
Space Weather inosanganisira kudzidza kwemamiriro ekunze pakati peZuva nePasi zvinokonzerwa nekuita kwezuva uye njodzi dzine chekuita nazvo.
Parizvino, kune masangano mazhinji pasi rese anoongorora mamiriro ekunze, anoshanda kutarisa zuva nemabatiro aro paPasi, achiunganidza data kubva kumasetellite, geomagnetic observatories, uye mamwe masensor. MuSpain, National Space Meteorology Service (SEMNES) iri kuita mabasa aya ekutarisa nekuparadzira, nekutora chikamu kweNational Geographic Institute ichipa data kubva kune yayo geomagnetic observatory.
Mhedzisiro ye geomagnetic dutu
The Auroras
Madutu eGeomagnetic anowanzo diki pachiyero uye haakonzeri chero kukuvara. Mwenje yekumaodzanyemba muNorthern hemisphere uye maodzanyemba maodzanyemba kuchamhembe kwehemisphere ndiwo anonyanya kufadza kuratidzwa kwemadutu egeomagnetic, anogadzirwa nechaji yezuva particles anodyidzana nemhepo yePasi. Kana huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu hunosvika nekuda kwesimba reiyo coronal mass ejection, Magineti epasi anoedza kutsausa zvikamu izvi, asi pakupedzisira vanopedzisira vapinda munzvimbo iri pedyo nemagineti pole uye vosangana nepamusoro pemhepo. zvidimbu izvi, zvimedu zvinopindirana nemhepo muGasi (oxygen, nitrogen) zvinopindirana, izvo zvinogadzirisa ruvara rwaunoona.
Kunyangwe ma auroras achijairika pakakwirira latitudes, kana akabatana neakanyanya geomagnetic dutu, anogona kuoneka pazasi zvakanyanya latitudes. Saka, semuenzaniso, dutu guru re "Carrington Event" musi waSeptember 1, 1859 rakagadzira auroras muEurope, Central America, uye Hawaii. MuSpain, chiitiko ichi chaizivikanwa zvakanyanya uye chakashumwa nevezvenhau veko panguva iyoyo.
Geomagnetic dutu kukuvara
Muzviitiko zvisingawanzo kuitika apo madutu e geomagnetic akanyanya, anogona kukonzera kukuvadzwa kwezvivakwa uye vanhu.
Kune rimwe divi, masatellite anomhanyisa njodzi yekukanganiswa chiito chezvimedu zvine simba zvinochaja, izvo zvinogona kukuvadza chimiro chayo kana kukanganisa kushanda kwayo. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa masisitimu ekumisikidza, masisitimu ekufambisa, kana masetiraiti ekutaurirana, zvichikonzera kukuvadzwa kukuru uye kurasikirwa kwemari kune zvese zvivakwa zvinotsamira pane aya masisitimu kuti ashande.
Kune rimwe divi, magetsi ekugovera magetsi uye pasi pevhu simbi mapaipi anogona kukwevera geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) ane hanya zvikuru. Iyi mhando yemazuva ano inogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya kune magetsi emagetsi, zvichiita kuti ma-high-voltage transformers awedzere kana kupisa, sezvakaitika panguva ye geomagnetic dutu raMarch 13, 1989, izvo zvakakonzera kudzimwa kwemagetsi kwakakurumbira muQuebec (Kanadha). Mapombi emafuta negasi anogona kukuvara nekuda kweGIC, ukuwo masisitimu ekuisa njanji anogona kukuvara, achiisa njodzi.
Vanhu vanobatwawo nemadutu akasimba egeomagnetic pavanenge vachifamba nendege. Nechikonzero ichi, ndege dziri munzira dzepolar dzinowanzo kutsauswa panguva yemadutu makuru e geomagnetic, uye vazivi vemuchadenga vanofanira kuramba vari muchikepe kudzamara mhedzisiro yedutu yapera.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve geomagnetic dutu uye maitiro avo.