Pfungwa iyi ingaite kunge inopenga, uye kunyangwe ivo vachivadaidza kuti havana chavanoziva, vane chokwadi chekuti sainzi nehunyanzvi zvinogona kuitisa kupora kwepasi. Haisi boka remunharaunda revanhu, kana kupenga avo vakaunganidza masiginecha. Tiri kutaura nezvevamwe vaoni, ve sainzi nyowani inonzi geoengineering. Iri boka revanjiniya rinomisa zvinotevera. Kuita kwevanhu kuri kudziyisa nyika, handiti? Zvakanaka, ngatitorei kutora matanho emunhu kuitonhora.
Pakati pese mazano aya, vakaperekedzwa nevanozvidza yemhedzisiro uye mhedzisiro yavanogona kuve nayo. Vakasiyana nazvo chinhu chimwe kuve wakachinja mamiriro ekunze nousina uye asingazivi uye imwe ndeye kuishandura nemaune. Kune rimwe divi, vadziviriri vanoona zvakajeka kuti kupindira nekukurumidza kunodiwa sei. Ongororo dzakawanda dzinoratidza kuti kana zviito zvevanhu zvikasamira, tembiricha dzinokwira zvakanyanya. Nekudaro, pane ongororo dzinoratidza kuti kunyangwe dai paive nekumiswa kwakazara kwechiitiko chevanhu, kudziya, kunyangwe kwakadzikama, kucharamba kuchienderera. Kuti uwane mhinduro yekukurumidza, danho iri rinozvarwa.
Geoengineering
Ndiyo sainzi ichangoburwa inoona nezvekuita nzira idzi uye kupa mhinduro. Sekutaura kwatakaita, pane mukurumbira unotenderera pairi usingagamuchire zvakanaka. Kuti uwane zano, chimbofungidzira shanduko shoma. Kana nzvimbo iri kurohwa nekusanaya kwemvura, nzizi dzisina kuwanda, kana kuti dzisina kana masango ane mvura… Chii chakaipa nekushuvira kuti inaye? Kune makungwa akanyatsooma. Mhedzisiro yezviitiko izvi inotyisa. Ndiwo mushonga wakaipisisa wechirwere here? Uye iyo gakava inovhura.
KuScotland University yeElinburgh, geoinjiniya Stephen Salter ari kutungamira imwe yeanonyanya kuda mapurojekiti geoengineering. Pfungwa yacho iri nyore. Kuvhura granules dzemvura mhute ine yakanyanya kuwanda kwemunyu mu troposphere. Gare gare, ngarava huru dzinoyambuka Atlantic dzaizotakura chimney hombe mubhodhi iyo yaizoita sekusasa madonhwe aya emvura nemunyu. Kamwe pavakasvika kune troposphere, aya madonhwe aizoita chikamu chemakore uye aigona kuwedzera mwero wekuramba yemweya wemuchadenga. Izvo zvinogona kukonzera mashoma emagetsi ezuva kusvika pasi. Pakupedzisira, aya madonhwe aizoita seyakagumisira nuclei yemweya magasi. kunonaya mvura.
Ndiani akaigadzira?
Paul Crutzen, Mubayiro weNobel muKemistry muna 1995, nekuda kwekutsvaga kwake pamhedzisiro yeozone mudenga. Nekudaro, iye ndemumwe wemasayendisiti akapa zvakanyanya mukudzivirira nharaunda. Iye pachake akatsanangura nzira iyo mamorekuru echlorofluorocarbon (CFC) anokanganisa kuonda kweiyo ozone layer.
Paul Crutzen, pasi pechiratidzo icho zvakare munhu anokwanisa kutonhodza nyika, akatarisa kutonhora kwakamwe kamwe kunoitika mushure mekuputika kwemakomo. Maitiro ayo aanoshanda anobata majekiseni makuru esarufa mumhepo kuti akonzere migumisiro yemakomo.
Kuwedzera. Iyo nyowani mainjiniya chirongwa cheinotevera 2018
Iye zvino ndakatarisa ndakananga yakakurumbira Harvard University. Imwe yeanotevera mapurojekiti avanoda kuvhurira iyo Gore rinotevera, murenje reTucson, Arizona, kunyatsofungisisa pfungwa ye tonhorera pasi.
Iyo purojekiti inotevera. Mamwe mabharumu emhepo anopisa akatakurwa nemvura yechando yecalcium carbonate uye sulfur dioxide, aigona kukwira kusvika pamakiromita makumi maviri pakureba uye aivhura maaerosols nezvinhu izvi. Kana dzangoburitswa, dzaizokonzeresa kumwaya kwezuva mwaranzi, kuita senge rudzi rweparasol iyo nekumisa mwaranzi yezuva, yakashanda kutonhodza pasi. Scopex ndiyo yekutanga bvunzo yeiyo gore yekudyara iri. Nenzira iyi, inotarisira kubhadhara kudziya kwepasi nekutonhora.
Pane kubvumirana pamusoro pekudziya kwepasi. Vatsigiri ve geoengineering vanozvidzivirira nekureva kuti zvimwe vazhinji izvozvi havasati vazvinzwisisa izvozvi, asi kuti iro ramangwana haridzivisike. Uye pakupedzisira munhu wese achamumbundira ivo vanoti.
Iyo nharo inoshumirwa. Zvaenda zvakanyanya here? Pane chero nzira inoratidzira mugumo? Hazvikuvadzi here kana kuti zvichava nemhedzisiro?