Kuti uverenge nyika yedu, mune zvakadzama pane bazi resainzi rinozivikanwa nezita rekuti geodesy. Iyo sainzi inodzidza chimiro chehukuru hwepasi. Izvi zvinosanganisira kumisikidzwa kwenzvimbo yekunze inokwevera pasi uye pamusoro pegungwa. Mukati me geodesy pfungwa inowanzo shandiswa inova iyo geodeic poindi. Iko kuvaka kwepasi kunoshanda kugona kunyatso tarisa nzvimbo yenzvimbo. Ivo vanoshanda ne triangulation ye vertices uye yenyika uye yedunhu topographic mepu yeiyo geodetic mapoinzi anogona kuvakwa.
Muchikamu chino tichaenda kukuudza zvese hunhu, mashandiro uye kushandiswa kweiyo geodetic poindi.
Mhando huru
Sezvatakambotaura, geodesy inoongorora chimiro uye kukura kwepasi redu. Kutenda kune sainzi iyi isu tinogona zvakare kuona iyo nzvimbo yekunze inokwezva uye pamusoro pegungwa pasi. Tsanangudzo ye geodesy inosanganisira kudzidza kwekuisirwa kwenyika yedu muchadenga. Chikamu chakakosha che geodesy kugadzirisa nzvimbo yemapoinzi pasi repasi kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwemaoordonates. Nekuda kweaya marongero tinogona kuve nehurefu, kureba uye kukwirira kukosha.
Iko kugadzirwa kwezvinhu izvi zvese zvevhu zvinoumba geodetic network. Aya maratidziro akaumbwa nenhevedzano yemapoinzi anozivikanwa seye geodetic poindi. Aya mapoinzi ane maratidziro anoumba hwaro hwecartography yenyika. Iwe unogona kuti iwo ndiwo magadzirirwo ezvivakwa. Iyo geodeic poindi haisi chimwe chinhu kunze kwekuvakwa kwedombo kunotibatsira kutarisa chaiko nzvimbo yenzvimbo. Kana dzangova munzvimbo, iyo vertex triangulation nzira inoshandiswa kuvaka mamepu epamusoro pamwero wedunhu nenyika.
MuSpain mune zvinopfuura zviuru gumi nezviviri zvema geodetic zvinogoverwa uye ese ari anochengetwa neNational Geographic Institute. Ese mavhenekeri aya chikamu cheNational National Geodetic Network uye akagadzira iwo anoshanda ekugadzirisa eEuropean Datum 1950 (ED50) Geodetic Reference System. Iyo mambure yakarongeka mumapoka maviri:
- Chekutanga Order Network (RPO): ine angangoita mazana matanhatu negumi nematanhatu uye kureba kwemamwe kana asingasviki makiromita makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana pakati peimwe neimwe.
- Yakaderera Order Network (ROI): Shiri iyi ine zviyero gumi nezvisere uye pavhareji urefu hwemakiromita manomwe pakati pega roga roga. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kune imwechete geodetic poindi yega yega makumi mashanu emakiromita.
Geodeic point uye geodey
Iwo ma geodetic vertices eiyo RPO anoumbwa ne Mbiru yakakomberedza ingangoita masendimita zana nemakumi mairi pakureba uye nehupamhi hunosvika masendimita makumi mana. Hwaro hwavakavakirwa hunowanzo nemamita matatu emakiromita esamende. Kune rimwe divi, izvo zviri zveiyo ROI zvinoumbwa neshongwe 3 metres kumusoro uye 120 masentimita muhupamhi. Iwo ari pane hwaro hwekwere mita imwe yekongiri. Uye zvakare, ivo vane ruzivo nezve dziviriro yako uye nezve zvinongedzo zvechinzvimbo chako.
Iwo mafizikisi uye epanyama masvomhu ayo anodikanwa kuti uwane idzi dhata anoita geodesy ive chaiyo yakakosha sainzi kune mamwe madhiri. Topography, cartography, navigation, civil engineering, photogrammetry, geographic information system uye zvimwe zvinangwa zvemauto zvinopihwa kubva ku geodesy. Kana tikatarisa zvese izvi kubva pakuona kwechinhu chekudzidza tinoona kuti chikamu chinogona kumisikidzwa kuita hunyanzvi hwakasiyana hunokosheswa ne geodesy.
Mhando dze geodesy
Nhasi, rinenge chero basa ranga riine chekuita nechirango ichi chinoda kupindira kweanoverengeka ezvikamu izvi. Ngatione kuti ndeapi marongero uye misiyano ye geodesy:
- Geometric geodesy: iri basa rekumisikidza chimiro chezviyero zvepasi pano mune rakanyanya geometric mamiriro. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuona marongedzo emapoinzi pamusoro penyika.
- Panyama geodey: inoitisa kudzidza munda wepasirese wepasi uye ese misiyano inoitika. Iyo iri zvakare mutariri wekufunda ese emahombekombe egungwa uye epasi uye nemafambisiro nepfungwa yekukwira.
- Geodesic nyeredzi: Iri riri basa rekumisikidza marongero epasi panogona kuyerwa nyeredzi.
- Spatial geodesy: inosarudza nzvimbo yeanoratidzira kubva pazviyero zvakagadzirwa pama satellite emagetsi uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakasikwa kana zvekugadzira zviri kunze kwepasi redu.
- Microgeodesy: uku ndiko kusiyanisa kuri kuita kuyera kukanganisika kwezvivakwa zvevashandi vehurumende kana nzvimbo diki dzevhu. Izvi zvakakanganiswa zvinoyerwa neakanyanya kunyatsoita matekinoroji ehunyanzvi.
Kukosha kweiyo geodetic poindi
Kana tichitarisa chimiro chePasi uye tikabvisa chimiro kana chimiro chekunze, tinoona kuti yakafanana nedudziro yegeoid. Iyo geoid hachisi chinhu chinopfuura cheye equipotential chikamu chepamusoro penyika ye gravitational munda. Iko kukosha kweiyo geodetic poindi kunowanikwa mukuumbwa kwenetiweki yezviteshi zvechigarire. Zvinangwa zve network iyi zvakagadziriswa kubvira 1998 neGeodey Nzvimbo yeNational Geographic Institute zvinotevera:
- Tora makonati ese neepamwero wakaringana uye velocity minda kunenge kwese poindi pane network.
- Batsira kutsananguro yeGlobal Reference Systems nyowani mudunhu renyika.
- Shandisa iyo data yakawanikwa kugadzira zvinyorwa. Aya marekodhi anoshandiswa mune zvimwe zvidzidzo mumunda we geodynamics, troposphere, ionosphere, meteorology, nezvimwe.
- Iyo yakakosha network inogona kutsanangurwa kutsigira chaiyo-nguva kunyorera.
- Inopa data ye geodetic, topographic, cartographic uye yekumisa mabasa.
Kutenda kune yekuparadzira samambure eaya mapoinzi, mamepu emepu anogona kugadzirwa kumatunhu nedunhu. Kunyangwe pakutanga pekutarisa ivo vanongoita kunge zvidimbu zvekongiri pasina kukosha, kana iwe uchifamba uchikwidza uye uchisvika kunzvimbo yakakwirira uchaona geodeic poindi.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve iyo geodetic poindi uye maitiro ayo.