Euclid aive nyanzvi yemasvomhu yeGreek akararama muzana ramakore rechitatu BC uye anozivikanwa nekuve munyori webhuku rinonzi "The Elements", rimwe remabhuku ane simba munhoroondo yejometri nemasvomhu zvakazara. Vezvenhau vakawanda vave vachifarira Euclid uye sangano re geometry.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve biography uye zviitiko zveEuclid uye kurongeka kwejometri.
Biography Euclid uye sangano geometry
Zvishoma zvinozivikanwa nezvehupenyu hwaEuclid. Akazvarirwa muguta reAlexandria, Egypt, uye anofungidzirwa kuti akadzidza pachikoro ichi Plato's Academy muAtene asati adzokera kuAlexandria kunodzidzisa paLibhurari yeAlexandria. Ikoko, Euclid akazvipira kuferefeta nekudzidzisa kwejometri nemasvomhu, uye anozivikanwa semumwe wevatangi vechikoro cheAlexandria cheMasvomhu.
Basa raEuclid rine mukurumbira nderekuti "The Elements", bhuku regumi nematatu rinobata ne geometry uye nhamba dzidziso. Iro bhuku rakarongwa nenzira yakarongeka, kutanga netsananguro dzekutanga uye zvinyorwa, uyezve kugadzira dzidziso kubva kwavari. Maitiro aEuclid akaomarara uye ane musoro kusangano rejometri anga ari pesvedzero huru mukuvandudzwa kwemasvomhu nesainzi zvakazara.
Mu "The Elements" Euclid akamisa zvinyorwa zvishanu zvinova hwaro hweEuclidean geometry.. Aya mapoinzi anosimbisa kuti mapoinzi maviri anogona kubatanidzwa nemutsara wakatwasuka, chero mutsara wakatwasuka unogona kukwiridzirwa nekusingaperi, denderedzwa rinogona kuvakwa nechero nzvimbo uye radius, makona ese ekurudyi akaenzana uye, pakupedzisira, kuti kana mutsara wakatwasuka unoyambuka Kana. mitsetse miviri yakatwasuka inogadzira makona emukati kudivi rimwe chete iro huwandu hwayo husingasviki makona maviri ekurudyi, ipapo mitsetse miviri yakatwasuka, kana ikatambanuka nekusingaperi, ichasangana kudivi iro.
Euclid akagadzirawo nhamba huru yedzidziso mubhuku rake.kana kuti, mamwe acho anosanozivikanwa, akadai saPythagorean theorem uye Thales' theorem. Kazhinji, Euclid's "The Elements" inoonekwa sehunyanzvi hwesangano re geometry uye masvomhu, uye yakadzidzwa nekushandiswa sereferensi pasirese kwemazana emakore.
Udiki uye zvidzidzo
Zvinosuruvarisa Zvishoma kwazvo zvinozivikanwa nezvehudiki hwaEuclid. sezvo ruzivo rwakawanda pamusoro pake rwakavakirwa pabasa rake uye nhaka yake yemasvomhu. Zuva rekuzvarwa kwake harizivikanwe zvine chokwadi, uye zvakare ruzivo rwemhuri yake kana dzidzo yepakutanga.
Euclid anofungidzirwa kuti akazvarwa makore akapoteredza 325 BC muAlexandria, Egypt, guta iro panguva iyoyo rakanga richibudirira senzvimbo yehungwaru nesainzi. Guta iri raive neraibhurari hombe yakava musha wevazhinji venyanzvi huru dzenguva iyoyo, kusanganisira Euclid.
Euclid anofungidzirwa kuti akadzidza paPlato's Academy muAthens asati adzokera kuAlexandria kunodzidzisa muraibhurari. Ikoko, akazvitsaurira kukutsvakurudza nekudzidzisa kwemasvomhu, uye akatanga chikoro chemasvomhu chakava chimwe chezvainyanya kukosha panguva iyoyo.
Pasinei nekushaikwa kweruzivo nezvehudiki hwake, Euclid anozivikanwa kuve akasiya nhaka inogara munhoroondo yemasvomhu, kunyanya mukuronga kwejometri. Basa rake "The Elements" rinoramba riri rimwe remabasa akakosha uye ane simba munhoroondo yemasvomhu, uye rakadzidzwa uye rakashandiswa sereferensi pasirese kwemazana emakore.
Mabasa makuru eEuclid uye sangano rejometri
Pamusoro pehunyanzvi hwake "The Elements", Euclid akaita mipiro yakakosha kumasvomhu uye geometry. Heano mamwe emabasa ake akanakisa:
- Nheyo yeChikoro cheMasvomhu cheAlexandria: Euclid akatanga chikoro chemasvomhu muAlexandria, chakava imwe yenzvimbo dzakanyanya kukosha dzekutsvagisa masvomhu panguva iyoyo. Chikoro ichi chakakwezva vadzidzi vazhinji nenyanzvi kubva kumativi ose enyika, uye ikava nzvimbo iyo pfungwa dzaichinjana uye hurukuro dzemasvomhu dzakaitika.
- Kubudirira kweEuclidean geometry: Euclid inozivikanwa nekugadzira Euclidean geometry, iyo yakavakirwa pane zvishanu zvakakosha postulates uye yanga iri hwaro hwejometry kwemazana emakore. Aya magwaro anosanganisira parallel postulate uye theorem yePythagorean.
- Tsanangudzo ye "The Elements": Basa rake "The Elements" rinoonekwa sehunyanzvi hwesangano remasvomhu, uye rakadzidzwa nekushandiswa sereferensi pasirese kwemazana emakore. Iro bhuku rakarongeka uye zvine hungwaru kurongeka, kumisa akawanda akakosha theorems mu geometry uye nhamba dzidziso.
- Proportions theorem: Euclid yakagadzira theorem yezviyero, iyo inotaura kuti kana zvikamu zvina zvikaumba chikamu, ipapo zviyero pakati pezvigadzirwa zvezvakanyanya uye nzira zvakaenzana.
- Mipiro kudzidziso yenhamba: Euclid akapawo zvakakosha kudzidziso yenhamba, kusanganisira humbowo hwekuti kune nhamba huru dzakawanda, uye dzidziso yekuti chero nhamba inogona kuverengerwa kuita maprimes nenzira imwe chete.
Euclid anoonekwa semumwe wevanonyanya kukosha masvomhu munhoroondo, uye mipiro yake ku geometry uye masvomhu yakave nemhedzisiro inogara mukusimudzira kwesainzi uye tekinoroji.
kufambira mberi mune masvomhu
Kufambira mberi kwake kwakave nemhedzisiro isingaperi munhoroondo yemasvomhu uye kwakabatsira mukuenderera mberi kwayo.
Nezve geometry, Euclid akaisa nheyo dzeEuclidean geometry., iyo yakavakirwa pane seti yezvakakosha postulates nemitemo yekubvisa. Iyi geometry yakashandiswa semuenzaniso wekudzidza geometry mumazana emakore anotevera, uye ichiri kudzidzwa uye kushandiswa nhasi. Pamusoro pezvo, Euclid akagadzira dzidziso dzakawanda dzakakosha mujometry, kusanganisira dzidziso yePythagorean, inotaura hukama pakati pemativi ekona yekona yekurudyi, uye theorem yezviyero, inotaura hukama pakati pezvikamu zvemitsara.
Euclid akaitawo mipiro yakakosha kune nhamba dzidziso, kusanganisira humbowo hwekuti kune maprime number akawanda asingaperi uye Fundamental Theorem yeArithmetic, iyo inotaura kuti nhamba yose inogona kuiswa mukutanga nenzira imwe chete. Kufambira mberi uku kwakaisa hwaro hwekumwe kuvandudzwa kwenhamba dzidziso uye mashandisiro ayo mucryptography uye data coding.
Pamusoro pezvo, Euclid aive piyona musangano remasvomhu, achimisikidza yakaomesesa uye yakarongeka nzira yekupa dzidziso nehumbowo. Basa rake "The Elements" rinoonekwa semuenzaniso wesangano remasvomhu uye rakadzidzwa uye rakashandiswa sereferensi pasi rose kwemazana emakore.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Euclid uye kurongeka kwe geometry.