Vanhu vakaganhura mitsetse yekufungidzira papasi redu kuitira kuti vamise mativi uye mativi enyika nemakondinendi. Latitudes idzi dzakakamurwa kuva kuchamhembe, kumaodzanyemba, kumabvazuva uye kumadokero. Mutsetse unopatsanura kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba unonzi Ecuador uye unosiya nyika yakakamurwa kuita inonzi iyo nzvimbo dzinopisa dzepasi. Tine Tropic yeCapricorn uye Tropic yeCancer.
Muchinyorwa chino tichazotaura pamusoro pezvipi zvikuru hunhu hwenzvimbo dzinopisa dzePasi uye chii chakakosha chavanacho.
Earth Tropics
Kunopisa mitsetse inofambirana neequator, 23º 27' kubva kuequator mumativi ose ari maviri. Tine Tropic yeCancer kuchamhembe neTropic of Cancer kumaodzanyemba.
Equator mutsetse une dhayamita huru. Iri perpendicular kune axis yePasi pakati payo. Denderedzwa gurusa riri panyika, perpendicular to axis yaro, rinokamura pasi kuita zvikamu zviviri zvakaenzana zvinonzi hemispheres: kuchamhembe kana kuchamhembe (northern hemisphere) uye maodzanyemba kana maodzanyemba (southern hemisphere). The terrestrial longitudes inogadzira madenderedzwa makuru perpendicular kune yepasi equator uye anopfuura nepakati pemapango.
Perpendicular kune equator, denderedzwa rekufungidzira risingaperi rinogona kukweverwa kutenderera Pasi, dhayamita yaro inopindirana neiyo polar axis. madenderedzwa aya Iwo anoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri zvinonzi meridians uye antimeridians., zvichiteerana. Maitiro emeridians ndeaya anotevera:
- Iwo ese ane dhayamita imwechete (earth axis).
- Ivo vari perpendicular kune equator.
- Ndivo vane pakati penyika.
- Vanoungana pamatanda.
- Pamwe chete nemaanti-meridians avo anoenderana vanopatsanura Nyika kuita mahemispheres maviri.
Tropic yeKapricorn
Tropic yeCancer mutsara wekufungidzira wakachinjika kana wakafanana unotenderera Nyika pa23,5°. kumaodzanyemba kweequator. Ndiyo nzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba kwePasi, kubva kumaodzanyemba kusvika kuchamhembe kweTropic yeCancer, uye ine basa rekumaka kumagumo ekumaodzanyemba kwenzvimbo dzinopisa.
Tropic yeCapricorn inodanwa kudaro nekuti Zuva riri muCapricorn panguva yemwedzi waZvita. The Kugadzwa kwakaitika makore anoda kusvika 2000 apfuura, apo zuva rakanga risisipo mumapoka enyeredzi aya. PaChikumi solstice, Zuva riri muTaurus, uye panguva yaDecember solstice, Zuva riri muSagittarius. Inonzi Capricorn nokuti munguva dzekare, apo solstice yezhizha yakaitika kumaodzanyemba kwehemisphere, zuva raiva muboka renyeredzi reCapricorn. Parizvino iri muboka renyeredzi Sagittarius, asi tsika ichiri kugamuchira zita reTropic yeCapricorn netsika.
Hunhu hunotevera:
- Misiyano yemwaka munzvimbo dzinopisa ishoma, saka upenyu hunowanzodziya uye kune zuva muTropics of Capricorn.
- Nzvimbo dzinotonhora dzepamusoro pemagwenga eAtacama neKalahari, Rio de Janeiro neAndes ari muTropic yeCapricorn.
- Apa ndipo panorimwa yakawanda yekofi yenyika.
- Uyu mutsetse wokufungidzira unotara nzvimbo iri kure zvikuru kumaodzanyemba iyo zuva rinogona kusvika masikati.
- Ndiro rine basa rekutsanangudza miganhu yekumaodzanyemba kwenzvimbo dzinopisa.
- Nzvimbo yekutanga yainotanga iri pamhenderekedzo yerenje reNamibia, muSandwich Harbour.
- Nzvimbo dzinopisa dzinoyambuka Rwizi rweLimpopo, mugero mukuru unopinda nemuSouth Africa, Botswana, neMozambique wonodira muIndian Ocean.
- Tropic yeCapricorn inongobata kuchamhembe kwepurovhinzi yeSouth Africa, asi inosanganisira Kruger National Park.
Tropic yeCancer
Iyo Tropic yeCancer ndiyo mutsetse welatitude unotenderedza Nyika panenge pa 23,5° kuchamhembe kwe equatorial latitude. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yekuchamhembe kwePasi. Zvakare, ndechimwe chezviyero zvikuru zvishanu zvakatorwa muzvikamu zvelatitude, kana madenderedzwa elatitude, anokamura Pasi, rangarira kuti zvimwe zviyero iCapricorn, Equator, Arctic Circle neAntarctic Circle.
Tropic yeCancer yakakosha zvikuru kune bazi rejogirafi rinodzidza Nyika, nekuti kunze kwekunge iri nzvimbo yekuchamhembe inonyatsoratidza miranzi yezuva, inewo basa rekumaka kuchamhembe kwenzvimbo dzinopisa. kuenderera kuchamhembe kubva kuequator kuenda kuTropic yeCancer uye kumaodzanyemba kusvika kuchamhembe kweiyo regression line. Tropic yeCancer ndiyo mutsetse welatitude inotenderera nyika pa23,5° kuchamhembe kweequatorial latitude, inzvimbo yekuchamhembe kweTropic yeCancer uye imwe yemadhigirii anoshandiswa kupatsanura pasi.
Munguva yaChikumi kana kuti yechirimo, zuva rinonongedzera kuboka renyeredzi reCancer, saka mutsara mutsva welatitude unonzi Tropic of Cancer. Asi zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti zita racho rakapiwa makore anopfuura 2000 apfuura, uye zuva harisisiri muCancer. Ikozvino iri muboka renyeredzi reTaurus. Nekudaro, kune akawanda mareferenzi, nzvimbo yelatitude yeTropic yeCancer pa23,5°N iri nyore kunzwisisa. Maitiro avo ndeaya:
- Ndiyo latitude yekuchamhembe uko zuva rinogona kuoneka zvakananga kumusoro, uye rinoitika panguva yakakurumbira Chikumi solstice.
- Kuchamhembe kwemutsetse uyu, tinogona kuwana subtropical uye yekuchamhembe inodziya nzvimbo.
- Kumaodzanyemba kweTropic yeCancer uye kuchamhembe kweCapricorn kunopisa.
- Nguva dzayo hadzina kuratidzwa nekupisa, asi nemusanganiswa wemhepo dzekutengeserana dzinokweva hunyoro kubva munyanza uye dzinoburitsa mvura yemwaka inonzi monsoon kuEast Coast.
- Mhando dzakasiyana dzemamiriro ekunze dzinogona kusiyaniswa munzvimbo dzinopisa nekuti latitude ingori imwe yezvinhu zvakawanda zvinotaridza mamiriro ekunze ekupisa.
- Iyo ine nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo yesango rinopisa rinopisa munyika.
- Inoita basa rekutara muganhu wekuchamhembe wemutsetse wakatwasuka uri pakati pezuva nenyika munguva yechirimo yechamhembe kwehemisphere.
Sezvauri kuona, munhu akashandisa mitsara yekufungidzira kuti akwanise kupatsanura nyika zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze uye inobatsira zvikuru pamifananidzo uye geography. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro penzvimbo dzinopisa dzePasi uye maitiro ayo.