Mu geology kune marudzi akawanda emaitiro anoitika mumatombo uye munzvimbo. Imwe yacho ndeye diagenesis. Aya ndiwo ese maitirwo anoitwa sediments mukati menguva iyo inotanga nekuisa mushure mekushandurwa kwedombo. Muzviitiko izvi, tiri kutaura nezvekuumbwa kwematombo e sedimentary uye metamorphic rocks.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve diagenesis, maitiro ayo uye curiosities.
Chii chinonzi diagenesis
Diagenesis ishoko rinoshandiswa nenzira mbiri: yekutanga inoreva maitiro ekugadzirisazve zvikamu zvechinhu kuita chinhu chitsva kana chakasiyana. Chechipiri, uye chakajairika, kushandiswa kunoreva maitiro ese ayo madonhwe anopinda kana kuyambuka panguva yaanotanga kuiswa uye anoenderera kusvika ave dombo. Inorevawo mamwe makemikari uye maitiro emuviri anogona kuchinja matombo aya kusvikira aora. Muchidzidzo che geology, metamorphism ndiko kushanduka kwematombo kuburikidza nemaitiro emu geological anosanganisira kupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidza.
Nyanzvi dzeGeologist dzinoisa matombo muzvikamu zvitatu zvichienderana nemamiriro avo ekuumbwa. Sedimentary matombo anoumbwa nekushandura sedimentary layers kuita matombo, nzira inoda nguva yakawanda uye kumanikidzwa. Igneous rocks inoumbwa nekutonhodzwa kwelava kana magma. Magma nerava mazwi maviri echinhu chimwe chete, asi magma inoreva bota richiri pasi penyika, uye gota rinoreva gota iro rava pasi pevhu. Metamorphic matombo igneous kana sedimentary matombo anoshanduka ari pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, simba remakona, kana tembiricha, asi haanyanyise dombo zvachose nekuripinza mukati me magma layer.
Yese kemikari uye maitiro emuviri ayo madonhwe anoitwa kana achinge ashanduka kuita matombo, pamwe nenhevedzano yemaitiro anokanganisa maitiro ematombo, anoiswa pasi peizwi diagenesis. Aya maitiro anonyanya kuita makemikari mumasikirwo, asi anosanganisirawo maitiro emuviri, senge delamination. Zvakadaro, diagenesis haisanganisi mamiriro ekunze, ayo ari eimwe mhando ye geological process.
Diagenetic maitiro
Iyo diagenesis process inogona kuve yakaoma uye yakawandisa kunyora mune chinyorwa chehukuru uhu, asi inowira muzvikamu zvakati. Imwe yemhando dzakanyanya kukosha dze diagenetic maitiro kushandurwa kwe biomass mu sediments kuita hydrocarbons, uko ndiko kutanga kwekugadzirwa kwemafuta asina kuchena uye mamwe mafuta efossil. Fossilization inzira ye diagenesis inoitika pachikamu che molecular. Kana masero ega ega emuviri, kunyanya mamwe makomisheni mumapfupa, anotsiviwa necalcite nemamwe mamineral, iyo calcite nemamwe mamineral anonyungudika mumvura uye mumvura. Kuisa kuburikidza nekusefa kuburikidza nechikamu che sediment.
Diagenesis uye simende
Cementation inhanho yakakosha ye diagenesis, izvo zvinokonzeresa kuti zvidimbu zvesediment zvibatane. Iyi ikemikari maitiro umo maminerari akanyungudika (senge calcite kana silica) anodonha kubva mumvura sezvaanopinda mumatope. Kudzvinyirirwa kwezvikamu zvakaputirana zve sediment zvinotungamira kune chirongwa chemuviri diagenesis chinonzi compaction. Uku kusungirirwa, pamwe chete nekusefa kwemvura ine mineral-rich, kunoita kuti sediment particles inamatire kune yakanyungudika zvicherwa. Sezvo sediment ichioma, zvicherwa zvinoomesa uye zvinogadzira simende chaiyo. Sandstone imhando yakajairika yedombo inoumbwa nenzira iyi. Mazhinji mamwe matanho akaomarara e diagenesis anogonawo kuitika, kusanganisira shanduko mukuumbwa kwe sedimentary layer kuburikidza nekubuda kwemvura inotakura zvicherwa zvakanyungudika.
Kuburikidza nemaitiro aya, zvicherwa zvitsva zvinogona kuumbwa uye dzimwe nguva mamwe mamineral kana makomisheni anobuda mumatope otsiviwa nemamwe mamineral kana makomisheni. Petrification inoitika panguva ye diagenesis uye ndiyo nzira iyo madonhwe anoshanduka kuita dombo. Zvisinei, mushure mekuita petrification, diagenesis inogona kuenderera mberi.
Mazhinji diagenetic maitiro anotora zviuru kana mamirioni emakore. Nyanzvi dzeGeologist, paleontologists, anthropologists, uye vanochera matongo vanoongorora matombo kuti vatore iyo diagenetic process yakaaumba. Nenzira iyi, vakadzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekare, kusanganisira ruzivo pamusoro pekufamba kwe tectonic yeguru, data yezvakatipoteredza, uye mamwe mashoko pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwedombo uye nhoroondo yepasi.
Lithification
Diagenesis inosanganisira lithification, maitiro ekushandura marara akasununguka kuita matombo akasimba sedimentary. Iyo yakakosha lithification process inosanganisira compaction uye simende. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa yemuviri diagenetic shanduko ndeye compaction. Sezvo madhipoziti achiwedzera, huremu hwezvinhu zvakaputirana hunomanikidza zvakadzika madhipoziti. Iyo yakadzika sediment yakavigwa, iyo yakasimba uye yakasimba ichava.
Sezvo zvidimbu zvinowedzera uye zvakanyanya kumanikidzwa, nzvimbo yepore (nzvimbo yakazaruka pakati pezvikamu) inoderera zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, kana ivhu rakavigwa mune zvigadzirwa makiromita akati wandei pazasi, huwandu hwevhu hunogona kudzikiswa kusvika ku40%. Sezvo nzvimbo yepore inobvumira, yakawanda yemvura yakaiswa mumatope inobudiswa.
Cementation ndiyo inonyanya kukosha nzira yekushandura sediments kuita sedimentary rocks. Iyo diagenetic shanduko iyo zvinosanganisira crystallization yemaminerari pakati pesediment particles. Mvura yepasi inotakura maion mumushonga. Zvishoma nezvishoma, maion aya anopenya zvicherwa zvitsva munzvimbo yepore, nokudaro achibatanidza tsvina.
Sezvo huwandu hwenzvimbo yepore hukadzikiswa panguva yekubatana, kuwedzera simende kune sediment kunoderedzawo porosity yayo. Calcite, silica, uye iron oxide ndiwo masimende anonyanya kuzivikanwa. Kuzivikanwa kwezvinhu zvekunamatira kazhinji inyaya yakatwasuka. Calcite simende furo nekuda kwekudzikisa hydrochloric acid. Silica ndiyo simende yakaomesesa uye nekudaro inogadzira dombo rakaoma kwazvo sedimentary.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve diagenesis uye maitiro ayo.