El danakil desert Ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzakanyanyisa uye dzakaparara munyika. Inowanikwa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweEthiopia, mudunhu reAfar uye ine tembiricha inosvika makumi mashanu madhigirii uye inenge zero humidity. Ndiyo nyaya yezvidzidzo zvesainzi zvakawanda kuitira kuti tidzidze zvakawanda nezvepasi redu mumamiriro akanyanya.
Naizvozvo, mune ino chinyorwa tichakuudza nezve hunhu, mamiriro ekunze uye zvakawanikwa nezve renje reDanakil.
Mhando huru
Iyo geology yeDanakil Desert yakasarudzika. Inowanikwa munzvimbo ine hutsinye hwekuita geothermal, ine makomo anoputika uye fumaroles inoburitsa magasi ane muchetura nemadota. Mune mamwe matunhu erenje, makorokoza anoputa fodya nemadhamu ane asidi esulfuric anogona kuonekwa, zvichigadzira nzvimbo inoparadza zvachose.
Iri gwenga riri mune imwe yenzvimbo dzakaderera pasi rose, ine avhareji yekukwirira kwemamita zana pasi pegungwa. Nzvimbo iyi inozivikanwa se Danakil Depression, uye ndiyo nzvimbo yakaderera muAfrica. Musiyano uripo pakati pekuoma kwegwenga nekuvapo kwemadziva emunyu nemachakwi ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinonakidza zvenharaunda iyi.
Zvisikwa nemaruva zvakaganhurwa zvakanyanya, nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze ekunze uye geology. Zvisinei, kune mamwe marudzi akakwanisa kuenderana nemhoteredzo iyi ine utsinye, yakadai se ngamera, nyoka yejecha nedzvinyu romugwenga. Uyezve, dunhu iri kumusha kune imwe yetsika dzechinyakare pasirese, dzinza reAfar, iro rakakwanisa kurarama munzvimbo iyi isingafarirwe kwemireniyamu.
Danakil Desert Climate
Sezvatakambotaura, renje iri nderimwe renzvimbo dzakanyanyisa pasirese, nekupisa kwemasikati kunopisa. vanogona kudarika madhigirii makumi mashanu, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo inopisa kwazvo paNyika.
Mamiriro ekunze emugwenga iri akaoma zvikuru uye akaoma. Mvura inonaya zvishoma uye kwegore rose nharaunda yacho inenge yakaoma zvachose. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekushayikwa kwemvura uye kuvapo kwemhepo yakaoma uye inopisa, iyo inoita kuti hunyoro huve hushoma.
Pasinei nekuoma kwemamiriro ekunze, Danakil Desert imusha kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoshamisa kwazvo munyika. Dunhu iri rine huwandu hukuru hwemakomo anoputika, madziva ane acid uye nzvimbo dzemunyu dzakasarudzika munyika.
Dallol Crater Investigations
Iri panzvimbo yekuchamhembe kweGreat Rift Valley muEast Africa. Iri i "maar" type crater yaivepo nekuda kwekuputika kwemagma akanyura. Kunenge kuri kuputika kwakaitika muna 1926 apo mvura yepasi yakasangana nebota rinopisa kana kuti magma. Dallol crater ine girinhi uye asidhi madziva, iron oxides, sulfur uye munyu flats. Dzimwe nzvimbo munzvimbo iyi yakaoma zvikuru imita 100 pasi pegungwa uye chaizvoizvo dzinoita semakoronga anoteya kupisa.
Nzvimbo yaro inzvimbo yerenje, ine avhareji yegore negore tembiricha yepamusoro ye41°C. Mwedzi unodziya zvikurusa (Chikumi) une avhareji yepamusoro ye46,7°C, kunyange zvazvo tembiricha dzichipfuura 34°C mazuva ose egore. Mwaka wakadzikira nekuda kwekuva pedyo kwayo neequator neGungwa Dzvuku. Inoratidzwa nekupisa kwakanyanya uye kusashanda kweusiku-kutonhora, kusanganiswa nemamiriro akaoma zvikuru.
Crater inoburitsa utsi hune muchetura hunogadzira nharaunda yakapoteredza yakaipoteredza haigarike, uye tupukanana twushoma chete tunokwanisa kuenderana nemamiriro aya akanyanya.. Chikwata chekutsvagisa cheFranco-Spanish chakatora akawanda marabhoritari samples kuDallol kuti aongorore mazinga emicrobiological uye genetic. Iyo microbiologist yakatungamira timu, Purificación López García, anobva kuFrench National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), akatsanangura panguva dzakasiyana mhedziso dzebasa rake resainzi rakaburitswa: «Hamuna hupenyu mumadziva ane munyu, anopisa, ane acid yakawanda eDallol, uye ari padyo nemadziva ane magnesium akapfuma.«. Nekudaro, akajekesa, "halophilic archaea iboka rakasiyana rezvipembenene zvekare" uye vanorarama munzvimbo dzakanyanya kunyura mumunyu uye munzvimbo dzine acid.
Afar rudzi rwegwenga reDanakil
Dallol inobata rekodhi yeavhareji yepamusoro tembiricha yenzvimbo chero inogarwa paNyika. Vanhu vazhinji vanoshamisika kuti gomba iri rinogona kugarika sei. Nekudaro, mubvunzo wakarurama ungave kuti vangani vanhu vanogona kutsigira mamiriro aya.
Vanozivikanwa nekushivirira kwavo kupisa kwakanyanya, vanhu veAfar vakagara muDanakil Depression kweanoda kusvika zviuru zviviri zvemakore. VaAfar vanhu vanotama-tama uye kusvika kuma1930 maAfar aizivikanwa nehutsinye hwavo uye xenophobia.. Vamwe vanoti nzvimbo yerenje yeDanakil inonzwisiswa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nemifananidzo kana mavhidhiyo.
Basa guru retaundi racho kuchera munyu, uyo uchiri kuchekwa mumatiles nemaoko uye unotakurwa nengamera. Makaravhani emhuka idzi anowanzoonekwa achityaira zvishoma nezvishoma munzira dzekare akananga kuTigray.
Iwo maAfar ane magariro anoenderana nedzinza uye mhuri dzakawedzerwa, uko tateguru wemhuri yega yega ane basa rakakosha mukuita sarudzo. Tsika yebarika yatekesherawo, apo varume vanogona kuva nevakadzi vakawanda, kunyange zvazvo roorano zhinji dzine murume mumwe chete.
Tsika dzeAfar dzakapfuma kwazvo uye dzinoratidzwa netsika netsika dzayo, dzakapfuudzwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe chizvarwa. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvetsika yavo ndeye kukosha kwavanopa kumitambo nemitambo, semichato, mariro nemitambo yechitendero. Chitendero cheAfar iIslam, kunyangwe ivo vachichengetedza zvitendero zvemweya uye mashura emadzitateguru.
Hupenyu mugwenga reDanakil hahusi nyore, uye maAfar akagadzira hukuru hukuru hwekupokana uye kuchinjika kuti urarame munzvimbo isina kunaka yakadaro. Zvakadaro, mararamiro avo netsika dzavo zviri munjodzi nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemvura, kuva gwenga uye kumanikidzwa kwenyika yanhasi.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve renje reDanakil uye maitiro ayo.