La Crab Nebula, zvakasara zvokuputika kwesupernova, ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinonzverwa zvikurusa nokucherechedzwa zvemuchadenga, sezvo zvichimirira manyuko anobatsira zvikuru emwaranzi nokuda kwefundo yemitumbi yomudenga yakasiyana-siyana iri mudenga. Kutaura nezveCrab Nebula, zvakakosha kuziva kuti chii chinonzi nebula. Chimiro chemhando iyi igore guru reguruva negasi rinowanikwa muchadenga. Mamwe ma<em>nebulae anobva mugasi neguruva zvinodzingwa nenyeredzi dziri kufa mukuputika kwakaita se<em>supernovae. Mamwe ma<em>nebulae inzvimbo dzinotanga kuumbwa nyeredzi itsva.
Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezveCrab Nebula, maitiro ayo uye kwaakabva.
Chii chinonzi Crab Nebula, nhoroondo uye mavambo
Iyo nebula inoumbwa zvakanyanya nehydrogen uye helium. Guruva negasi zviri munebula zvinoparadzirwa zvakanyanya, asi simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi rinogona kutanga kubata guruva negasi zvishoma nezvishoma. Sezvo zvikwata izvi zvinokura, ndizvo zvinoitawo kukweva kwadzo.
Nebula iyi yakatanga kuonekwa muna 1731 nemuRungu John Bevis, uyo anonzi ndiye akaiwana, zvisinei nekuti yakaonekwa uye yakanyorwa nevazivi venyeredzi vekuChina neArab, avo vaiti inoonekwa senyeredzi, yakaonekwa panguva zuva. uye inogona kuonekwa masikati neusiku kwemwedzi makumi maviri nemiviri yakatevedzana.
William Parsons, 1840rd Earl of Rosse, akaiona muna 900 ndokuitumidza kuti Crab Nebula nokuti paakadhirowa nebula yaiita segakanje. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX, mifananidzo yakawanda yenebula yakaratidza kuti yakanga ichikura uye yakasarudza kuti yakaumbwa makore anenge XNUMX apfuura. Ongororo yezvinyorwa zvenhoroondo inoratidza kuti supernova iyo yakagadzira Crab Nebula yakaitika muna Kubvumbi kana kutanga kwaChivabvu 1054 AD, richisvika pakupenya kwaro kukuru muna July, richipenya zvikuru usiku kupfuura mamwe mutumbi upi noupi womudenga kunze kwoMwedzi.
Tichifunga nezvechinhambwe chayo chikuru uye chimiro chenguva pfupi, "nyeredzi itsva" yakaonekwa nemaChinese nemaArabu yaigona chete kunge iri supernova, nyeredzi huru inoputika iyo, kana simba rayo rapera kuburikidza nenyukireya fusion, inowira pachayo.
Mhando huru
Mamiriro makuru eiyo nebula ndeaya anotevera:
- Chinhu chinopenya chinoumbwa negasi neguruva.
- Iine elliptical, ingangoita 6 arc maminetsi kureba uye 4 arc maminetsi yakafara.
- Iine density inoita 1.300 particles per cubic centimeter.
- Mitsara inoiumba zvisaririra zvemhepo yenyeredzi yemubereki, inoumbwa nehelium neionized hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, iron, neon, uye sulfur.
- Inokura nekumhanya kwemakiromita 1.800 pasekondi.
- Tembiricha yemafilamendi anoiumba iri pakati pe11.000 ne18.000 K.
- Iine nzvimbo yebhuruu isina kujeka pakati payo.
- Iyo polyion nebula, zvichireva kuti inowana simba rayo kubva mukutenderera kwepulsar, pane kuti nyaya inoputirwa mukati meinterstellar medium panguva yekuputika kwe supernova.
- Nyeredzi mbiri dzinogona kuonekwa pakati penebula, imwe yacho inotendwa kuti inokonzera nebula.
- Iine radius inosvika 6 light years.
- Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare seM1, NGC 1952, Taurus A, uye Taurus X-1.
Crab Nebula iripi?
Crab Nebula iri muboka renyeredzi reTaurus. zvinoreva kuti inowanikwa makore angangoita 6.500 light years kubva paNyika. Pakati pezvinhu zvinozivikanwa mune iyi nebula, tinoziva kuti pakati penyeredzi yakafa nechisimba zvekuti yakava pulsar. Pulsars inokurumidza kutenderera neutron nyeredzi. Huremu hwayo hwakada kufanana nehweZuva, kunze kwekuti ine radius yemakiromita mashoma.
Iyo Crab pulsar inotenderera paaxis yayo panguva inoshamisa 30 revolutions pasekondi uye inewo magnetic field ye100 mamiriyoni eTeslas. Iine magnetosphere yakasimba kwazvo, inokwanisa kushandura zvinhu kuita emitters yemagetsi emagetsi, nekuda kwekutenderera kwenyeredzi paaxis yayo, mapfupi periodic pulses anooneka kubva pasi redu, uye ichi ndicho chikonzero cheizvi, izvi zvakaitika Zita.
Kuchicherechedza
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kucherechedzwa kwakawanda kwakaitwa mune iyi nebula kunoratidza kuti Crab pulsar ine magineti yakaoma zvikuru uye, semamwe ma<em>nebulae, ine magineti mana mapango pane maviri. Inofungidzirwawo kuti kuputika kukuru kweredhiyo kunobudiswa negore re plasma riri pamusoro penyeredzi.
Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nevanoongorora nyeredzi kuenzanisa X-rays. uye flux densities nekuti inopa yakasimba yakakwana chiratidzo chekutarisa kuwiriraniswa kweiyo X-ray detectors.
Pakati peCrab Nebula pane nhongonya yenyeredzi yakaputika ndokugadzira nebula, chinhu chinokurumidza kutenderera. Zvichida chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa zvakamboonekwa ndechekuti nyeredzi yenyutroni inoburitsa kupenya kwemasaisai eredhiyo yepanyika pese painotenderera, seimba yemwenje pagungwa, 30 nguva pasekondi.
Pakati pezvinhu zvinozivikanwa mune iyi nebula, tinoziva kuti pakati penyeredzi yakafa nechisimba zvekuti yakava pulsar. Pulsars inokurumidza kutenderera neutron nyeredzi. Huremu hwayo hwakada kufanana nehweZuva, kunze kwekuti ine radius yemakiromita mashoma. Iyo ine zvakare ine magineti ye100 miriyoni tesla. Iine magnetosphere yakasimba kwazvo, inokwanisa kushandura zvinhu kuita emitters yemagetsi emagetsi, nekuda kwekutenderera kwenyeredzi paaxis yayo, mapfupi periodic pulses anooneka kubva pasi redu, uye ichi ndicho chikonzero cheizvi, izvi zvakaitika Zita.
Sezvauri kuona, kudzidza nebulae kwaiitwawo munguva dzekare apo tekinoroji yakanga ichiri kukura. Chishuvo chemunhu chekuda kuziva zviri mukati uye kunze kwechadenga chakaita kuti zvive nyore kwatiri kuona marudzi aya emanebulae nhasi.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Crab Nebula uye maitiro ayo.