Kana isu tisinganyatso kujairana nemutauro wehunyanzvi unoshandiswa mune zvemamiriro ekunze, kunyanya mutauro wehunyanzvi unoshandiswa zvakanangana neaeronautics, tinokwanisa kuvhiringa matenga emufu nyore nyore ne cloud ceiling. Ndiko kuti, zvikamu zvadzo zviri munzvimbo dzakakwirira. Zvisineyi, sirin’i yambotaurwa inoreva zvakapesana chaizvo: pasi pemakore sezvinoonekwa kubva pamusoro pePasi. Kuziva kuti matenga uye makore akakwirira sei panguva ipi zvayo kunonyanya kufadza nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda.
Nechikonzero ichi, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve gore sirin'i, maitiro ayo uye anobatsira ndeapi.
Gore rinoita sei
Tisati tatanga kutsanangura sirin'i yemakore, tinoda kutsanangura kuti anoumba sei. Kana kuine makore mudenga, panofanira kuva nekutonhodza kwemhepo. "Kutenderera" kunotanga nezuva. Sezvo maranzi ezuva achipisa pamusoro pePasi, anopisawo mhepo yakatenderedza. Mhepo inodziya inova shoma, saka inowanzosimuka uye inotsiviwa nemhepo inotonhorera, yakaoma.. Sezvo kukwira kunowedzera, kwezvakatipoteredza tembiricha zvinopisa zvinoita kuti tembiricha dziderere. Nokudaro, mhepo inotonhora.
Kana yasvika pamhepo inotonhorera, inomonerera kuita mhute yemvura. Mupfunga wemvura uyu hauonekwe nemaziso nekuti wakaumbwa nemadonhwe emvura nezvidimbu zveaizi. Zvimedu zvacho zvidiki zvekuti zvinogona kubatwa mumhepo nekuyerera kwemhepo kushoma.
Musiyano uripo pakati pekuumbwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemakore unokonzerwa nekupisa kwe condensation. Mamwe makore anoumba patembiricha yepamusoro uye mamwe patembiricha yakaderera. Iyo yakaderera tembiricha yekuumbwa, iyo "yakakora" gore richava.. Kune zvakare mamwe marudzi emakore anoburitsa kunaya uye mamwe asingaite. Kana tembiricha yakadzikira, gore rinoumbwa rinenge riine makristasi echando.
Chimwe chinhu chinokanganisa kuumbwa kwegore kufamba kwemhepo. Makore, ayo anogadzirwa kana mhepo yakanyarara, anowanzoonekwa ari mumitsetse kana maumbirwo. Nekune rumwe rutivi, avo vane mafungu akasimba akamira akaumbwa pakati pemhepo kana mhepo vanopa kukura kukuru kwakatwasuka. Kazhinji, iyo yekupedzisira ndiyo inokonzera mvura uye dutu.
gore gobvu
Ukobvu hwegore, hwatinogona kutsanangura semusiyano pakati pehurefu hwepamusoro nepasi, hunogona kuchinjika zvakanyanya, kunze kwekunge kugova kwaro kwakamira zvakare kunosiyana zvakanyanya.
Isu tinogona kuona kubva kune yakasviba layer ye leaden grey nimbus, iyo inosvika pakukora 5.000 metres uye inogara yakawanda yepakati nepasi troposphere, kusvika pachikamu chitete chemakore e<em>cirrus, asingasviki mamita 500 akafara, ari pamusoro, anoyambuka anoshamisa cumulonimbus gore (thundercloud), anenge 10.000 XNUMX metres gobvu, iro rinotambanuka kusvika kunenge mhepo yose yakadzika.
Cloud ceiling paairport
Ruzivo rwekucherechedzwa uye kufanotaura mamiriro ekunze panhandare dzendege rwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekusimuka nekumhara kwakachengeteka. Vatyairi vendege vanogona kuwana mishumo yekodhi inonzi METAR (inocherechedzwa mamiriro) uye TAF [kana TAFOR] (inotarisirwa mamiriro). Yekutanga inovandudzwa awa imwe neimwe kana hafu yeawa (zvichienderana neairport kana air base), nepo iyo yechipiri inovandudzwa katanhatu oga oga (4 kanomwe pazuva). Ose ari maviri ane mavara akasiyana-siyana ealphanumeric blocks, mamwe ayo anoshuma kuvharwa kwegore (chikamu chedenga chakafukidzwa nechisere kana chesere) uye pamusoro pemakore.
Mumishumo yemamiriro ekunze enhandare yendege, makore ekare akanyorwa kuti FEW, SCT, BKN, kana OVC. Zvinoonekwa mumishumo MASHOMA kana makore ari mashoma uye achingogara 1-2 oktas, inoenderana nedenga rakajeka. Kana tine 3 kana 4 oktas, tichava neSCT (kuparadzira), kureva, gore rakapararira. Chinhanho chinotevera iBKN (yatsemuka), yatinozivisa sedenga rine makore nekusviba kuri pakati pe5 ne7 oktas, uye pakupedzisira zuva rine makore, rakanyorwa seOVC (makore), nekunaya kwe8 oktas.
Pamusoro pegore, netsanangudzo, ndiko kureba kwechigadziko chegore chakaderera pasi pemamita makumi maviri (angangoita 6.000 metres) uye inofukidza inopfuura hafu yedenga (> 4 oktas). Kana chekupedzisira chinodiwa (BKN kana OVC) chaitwa, data rine chekuita neiyo airport base base ichapihwa mumushumo.
Zviri mukati meMETAR (data rekucherechedza) zvinopihwa nezviridzwa zvinodaidzwa kuti nephobasimeters (ceilometers kuChirungu, zvakabva paizwi rokuti siling), inozivikanwawo sekuti nephobasimeters, kana kuti "cloudpiercers" mumashoko ayo anowirirana. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa yakavakirwa pa laser tekinoroji. Nekuburitsa mapurusi echiedza chemonochromatic kumusoro uye kugamuchira mwaranzi inotaridzwa kubva kumakore ari pedyo nepasi, inogona kunyatso fungira kureba kwepamusoro pemakore.
pamusoro pedutu
Munguva yerwendo rwekufamba, kana ndege ichibhururuka munzvimbo yepamusoro troposphere, vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kutarisisa madutu ari munzira, sezvo budiriro yakakura yakamira iyo mamwe makore ecumulonimbus anosvika inovamanikidza kuvanzvenga uye kudzivirira kusvika pavari. Ziva kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, kubhururuka nepamusoro pemakore edutu kunova muitiro une ngozi unofanira kudziviswa nokuda kwekuchengeteka kwokubhururuka. Ruzivo rweRadar inotakurwa nendege inopa nzvimbo yepakati pemhepo ine hukama nendege, ichibvumira mutyairi kuchinja nzira kana zvichidikanwa.
Kuti uwane pfungwa yakaoma yehurefu hwepamusoro peaya makuru cumulonimbus makore, pasi-based weather radars inokwanisa kuburitsa marudzi akasiyana emifananidzo anoshandiswa. Zvigadzirwa zvakapihwa netiweki yeAEMET zvinosanganisira kutarisisa, kunaya kwakawanda (kunofungidzirwa kuti kunaya kwemvura mumaawa matanhatu apfuura) uye ecotops (echotops, yakanyorwa pakutanga neChirungu).
Iyo yekupedzisira inomiririra iyo yakanyanya kureba kureba (mumakiromita) yeradar kudzoka kana chiratidzo chekudzoka, zvichibva pachikumbaridzo chekuratidzira chinoshandiswa sereferensi, kazhinji yakagadziriswa pa12 dBZ (decibel Z), sezvo pasina kunaya kwemvura pazasi payo. Zvakakosha kujekesa kuti isu hatigone kunyatsoona chikamu chepamusoro cheiyo ecoregion nedutu, kunze kwekunge pakufungidzira kwekutanga, asi pakakwirira kumusoro uko chimvuramabwe chingangoitika.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve denga regore uye maitiro ayo.