ari cleats Iwo akatsemuka mumatombo ayo asingawanzo kuperekedzwa nekudonha kwevhu iro iro dombo rinosarudza. Chinhu chakanyanya kujairika ndechekuti pane kupatsanurwa kushoma kuchinjika. Vanowanzosiyaniswa kubva kune zvikanganiso izvo zvinotsemuka umo isu tinogona kuwana kutsvedza kwezvivharo. Majoini ndiwo asina kusimba deformation zvimiro zvematombo izvo zvakati wandei mumasikirwo.
Naizvozvo, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve cleats, magadzirirwo awo uye maitiro.
Mhando huru
Kufanana nezvimwe zvimiro zve geological, kutungamira kwemajoini kunotsanangurwa nezvikamu zviviri:
- Tsamba: Kona inoumbwa nemutsara wakachinjika uri mundege yekutaura uye nechokuchamhembe-kumaodzanyemba axis.
- Dip: kona yakaumbwa nejoinhi nendege yekufungidzira yakachinjika.
Majoini haafanire kuve akajairika, uye haafanire kupindura kune chero yakajairwa geometric chimiro, saka iyo inotaridzwa paramita inogona kusiyana kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe. Majoini haawanzo kuparadzaniswa, asi ane hukama nezvikanganiso uye kinks. Kazhinji, kana paine maviri kana kupfuura seti yemajoini, tinodaidza iyo articular system kana "joint system."
Zviri nyore ndezvi:
- Parallel cleat system: majoini ese ane gwara rakafanana uye kurerekera.
- Joint system inochekwa: macleats ane nzira dzakasiyana uye makona, saka anocheka pane dzimwe nzvimbo. Mhosva inonyanyozivikanwa inowanzova mhuri yemajoini akabatanidzwa, apo maviri kana matatu makuru ekubatanidza madhairekitori anogadzirwa neiyo imwechete structural phenomenon (deformation kana compression).
Kusiyanisa pakati pekumanikidza majoini uye distension majoini, zvinodikanwa kuti udzidze iyo huru axis yenzvimbo kana yedunhu deformation, nekuti iyo yakabatana pachayo haigone kupa ruzivo rwakakwana (groove kana displacement). Kana iri majoini ekuwedzera, kutungamira kwemhuri yakakurumbira kunowanzo kutenderera kune kutungamira kwekuwedzera, nepo mukumanikidza majoini, ndiyo inotungamira yeacute bisector inopinda mujoini.
Joint Mechanisms
Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda nei vachigona kuumba, kusanganisira masimba anotungamira, semasimba anokonzera kukanganisa kwepasi kana kudonha. Chimwe chezvikonzero zvinowanzoitika zvekubatanidza kuderera kwehuwandu hwezvinhu (kuwedzerwa density), izvo zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana:
- Kupera mvura mumuviri, sediment inosara mumhepo mushure mekunyura.
- Firiji, kufanana nembiru dzebasalt. Iwo anoumbwa nekuyerera kwebasalt, kana bofu rasimba, kuyerera kwebasalt kunotsemuka kuita prisms (kuparadzaniswa kwecolumnar) kuburikidza nekuzotonhora kunotevera. Nzira yeGiant's Causeway muIreland, kana kuti Los Órganos de La Gomera, mimwe yemienzaniso yakawanda inosanozivikanwa yenyaya iyi.
- Recrystallization. Kufamba kwenguva kunofarirwa, muzvigadzirwa zve geological, kurongeka patsva kwemamorekuru ayo pamwe chete anowedzera kuwedzera kwecrystalline network, kuwedzera kuwanda kwezvinhu, izvo zvinobhadharwa, sezvakaitika kare, nekuumbwa kwekutsemuka.
- Decompression. Ndicho chimwe chikonzero chakakosha chekubatana, senge icho chinokanganisa granite pluto iyo ivhu rinoratidza. Aya ndiwo maitiro ayo maumbirwo ari muCentral of Spain anonzi ber mooes kana berrocales anotangira.
Kukosha kwekuchenesa
Kucheneswa kwakakosha nekuti kunowanzo kudzora nzira yemvura uye chimiro chemahombekombe, uye zvakare kunopa nzira yekuti mvura ipinde mukati-kati medombo, zvichikurudzira kukukurwa. Matombo akabatanidzwa anopindika kune zvinwiwa, saka anogona kushandiswa seaquifers kana dombo-oiri kana gasi rekuchengetedza gasi uye vacheri vanonyatsoteerera kune kubatana, sezvo kuvapo kwavo kana kusavapo kwavo mune imwe nzira kunogona kufambira mberi kana kunonoka basa rako.
Kusiyanisa pakati pekumanikidza uye tension cleats, iyo huru axis yenzvimbo kana yedunhu deformation inofanira kudzidzwa, nekuti iyo cleat pachayo haigone kupa ruzivo rwakakwana (groove kana offset). Panyaya yekuwedzera, kutungamira kwemhuri yakakurumbira kunowanzo kutenderera kune nzira yekuwedzera, nepo mukumanikidza, ndiyo kutungamira kweacute bisector inoyambuka mubatanidzwa.
Kudzidziswa
- Kuwedzera. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehurongwa hwekushungurudzika hunoita padombo guru, iyo inokonzerwa nekutonhora (mumatombo egneous. Columnar structure) kana kuomesa (mu sedimentary rocks).
- Decompression. Iyo stud system inogona kukura zvakanyanya kana kushoma kufambirana nepamusoro, kunyanya mune igneous rock intrusions, senge granite.
- Zvinogona kukonzerwa nekubuda mudombo guru kana kuremerwa kwabviswa.
- Tectonics: inotangira semhedzisiro yakananga yekupeta kana kukanda mudombo, uye kazhinji inobvuma masisitimu matatu: kubereka, kuenderana neakisi yepeta; inclination system, perpendicular to the cleats, uye conjugate system ye oblique cleats inoonekwa zvakanaka pazasi 45 ° munzira yekutama kwemaitiro. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mapoka maviri anoumba conjugate system anokura zvisina kuenzana. Mune aya masisitimu izwi rekuti "shear joint" rakashandiswa, iro rinoenderana neinoretical direction yehear yakanyanya.
Kusiyana nekukundikana
Zvikanganiso zveGeological zvinogona kutsanangurwa sezvizhinji zvakatsemuka zvakati sandarara zvinoonekwa muchikamu chepasi uye zvine kumwe kusimuka kwakakura zvakakwana kuti zvionekwe neziso rakashama kana kubva mumhepo. Hupamhi hwekukanganisa hunogona kusiyana kubva pamasendimita mashoma kusvika kumakiromita akati wandei, uye inogona kureba mazana emamita kubva kune imwe neimwe, seSan Andreas Fault muCalifornia, USA Fault movement yakakosha pakuumbwa kwezvirongwa zvemakomo. Mhosva inoparadzanisa ivhu mabhuroko maviri, imwe yakabviswa nekuremekedza kune imwe.
Muchiitiko chino tinoona kuti cleats ivo chete kuputsika mukubatsira kutsvedza kunoitika kana kukanganisa kunogadzirwa kunokonzerwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika kana kuvapo kwemamwe mativi etectonic plates.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve cleats uye maitiro avo.