Munharaunda yepasi pane marudzi akasiyana ezvipenyu zvinosanganisa mvura yakachena inobva munzizi nemvura yemunyu inobva mugungwa. Ecosystems idzi dzinozivikanwa sema estuaries. Zvisinei, vanhu vakawanda havazivi chii chinonzi rwizi. Iyo isanganiswa ye ecosystem ine basa rekusanganisa mabhandi emvura kubva munzizi negungwa. Iyi mitumbi yemvura yakakomberedzwa nenzvimbo dzenyika dzinoumba mahombekombe uye dzakavhurika kugungwa.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza kuti kamuri yekuvhara chii, maitiro ayo uye kukosha kwayo.
chii chinonzi rwizi
Estuaries inzvimbo uye nzvimbo dzekupotera dzemarudzi mazhinji ezvirimwa nemhuka. Zvisikwa izvi zvinotsamira pazvipenyu izvi kuti zvirarame, zvidye nekuberekana. Mhando dzakasiyana dzema estuaries dzinoiswa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekuyerera kwemvura. Mvura iyi inogumira mumakungwa, mabay, makove, nyanza, minda yemichero kana migero. Estuaries inosanganisa mvura yakachena yemugero nemvura ine munyu kubva mugungwa. Uku kukakavara kwemvura yemunyu wakasiyana kunoguma nekuwanda kwemvura.
Nhasi chiteshi chengarava chinoshandiswa senzvimbo dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa pakutandara, vashanyi uye nesainzi zvinangwa. Humwe hunhu hwayo hukuru nderekuti ndiyo imwe yeanonyanya kugadzira ecosystem papasi rose. Imo pano apo zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvakasikwa zvinogadzirwa kubva kune zvinovaka muviri zvevhu zvinotakurwa nenzizi uye, kune rumwe rutivi, kubva kune zvinovaka muviri zvinotakurwa nemakungwa.
Semi-yakavharwa system, iko kuchinjana kwezvinhu kubva kune akati wandei akavakidzana ecosystem. Kazhinji, inzvimbo dzisina kudzika, zvinoreva kuti chiedza chinogona kupinda mumvura nyore. Nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze aya, mwero wephotosynthesis mugomba remvura wakakwira zvakanyanya. Zvose izvi zvinobatsira pakugadzirwa kwekutanga kwakanaka. Inofanirawo kuyeukwa kuti marudzi mazhinji ekushandiswa kwevanhu anogara mumitsipa, yakadai semakrustaceans, molluscs uye dzimwe hove.
Imwe yehunyanzvi hwenzvimbo dzemvura ndeyekuchengeta mvura yakawanda uye kudzivirira mafashama. Vanobatsirawo kudzivirira kukanganisa kwemahombekombe panguva yemadutu. Naizvozvo, ivo vakanyanya kukosha mukutonga kwevanhu. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, nzizi dzinoyerera dzinotakura mvura yakawanda, zvichiita kuti mashanga uye zvinosvibisa zvitsiviwa. Nekuda kweichi chazvino chakasimba, mvura inoramba yakachena.
Maumbirwo avo
Estuaries inosanganiswa nemvura yakachena kuti iite hova semvura yegungwa inoyerera kubva mumvura yegungwa panguva yemafungu makuru. Zvadaro, pamvura yakadzika, mvura yakachena inodira mugungwa. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nemachakwi makuru munzvimbo iyi.
Mahombekombe akaumbwa nemusanganiswa wemvura yakachena nemunyu anoumba zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, uko zvirimwa nemhuka zvinogara munzvimbo idzi zvinoungana. Estuaries inzvimbo dzekuchinja uko mitumbi yemvura inosangana nemamwe pedyo negungwa. Kazhinji imvura inodziya ine yavo chaiyo ecosystem.
Mapopo anowanzo kuumba, asi munzvimbo dzinopisa tinogonawo kuwana mangrove, idzo nzvimbo dzine machakwi akawanda. Vane ecosystem yakasiyana. Tinokwanisa kuwana mamwe kana kushoma matsime emvura, ane nzvimbo dzine machakwi kana dzine matombo.
Mhuka dzacho dzakasiyana-siyana, uye nzvimbo idzi dzinopa zvinhu zvakawanda kwazvo pasi pano zvokuti dzinoenzana nehukuru nemasango kana kuti nzvimbo dzine uswa. Yakanyanya kukosha nzvimbo dzekugara mhuka dzesango dzinoumbwa munzvimbo idzi, uye Vanoshandawo sesefa yemvura.
Hupfumi hwematunhu mazhinji ari mumahombekombe egungwa hwakanangana nemadziva nekuda kwekuwanda kwehove, hove, kana algae. Inzvimbo dzakakurumbira dzekushanya, kuona shiri kwakajairika munzvimbo idzi, uye inzvimbo dzakatsaurirwa ruzivo rwesainzi uye dzidzo.
mhando yerwizi
Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emvura inoyerera zvichienderana nemamwe makuru maitiro. Rudzi rwega rwega rwegova remvura runotariswa nehukama huri pakati pehuwandu hwemvura murwizi panguva yemasaisai uye huwandu hwemvura yemvura pachayo. Kubva pano tinogona kuwana akati wandei etuary:
- Salt Wedges Estuary: Inoumbwa kana murwizi mune mvura yakawanda kupfuura mugungwa. Neiyi nzira tine musanganiswa une nhete yekuchinja pakati pemvura yerwizi kumusoro uye tidal wedge iri pasi.
- Makomo ane stratified estuaries: Mumhando idzi dzezvikomo, huwandu hwemvura yakachena iri kuuya yakakura kupfuura yemvura yegungwa, asi kwete zvakanyanya. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anokonzera misanganiswa yemvura pakati pemiviri yakasiyana-siyana yemvura kuti ipedzisire iite runyoro rwepamusoro sezvo masaisai achiunza mvura yegungwa pamusoro. Mvura mbiri idzi padzinovhengana, dzinoita mitsetse.
- Gova rine mvura shoma: Estuary apo huwandu hwemvura yerwizi hushoma pane hwemvura yegungwa. Kuenzaniswa nezvose zviri zviviri, munyu wemvura pano wachinja zvikuru. Muzvikamu zvepamusoro, salinity iri kuchinja, sezvakaita pasi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mafambiro ari kukurumidza.
- Vertical mixing estuary: Mumhando iyi yekamuri yekukiya, huwandu hwemvura yakachena hunenge husina kukosha maererano nehuwandu hwemafungu. Pano huwandu hwehuwandu hwemafungu evhavha ane salinity yakafanana inotonga. Sezvo pasina kuchinjana kwemvura, hapana shanduko mumunyu. Iko hakuna zvakare mitsara yakatwasuka pambiru yemvura.
- reverse estuary: Zvinoreva mhando yerwizi rwusingapiwe nerwizi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti dziri munzvimbo dzine mwero wakakwira wekufema. Evaporation inokonzera kuti salinity concentration iwedzere zvakanyanya. Zvakare, nekuda kwekurasika kwemvura, inonyura nekuda kwekuwedzera kwehuwandu nekuti ine munyu wakawanda.
- Mapopoma emvura: dzinogona kuva dzerudzi rumwe kana rumwe, zvichienderana nekunaya kwemvura panguva iyoyo. Iko pano uko, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemvura panguva imwe neimwe, kune nzira dzakasiyana. Dai dzaive dzakakwirira, rwizi rwaizotakura mvura yakawanda.
Miti nemhuka
Gome remvura rinoumbwa nemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzemaruva nemhuka. Miti mizhinji yemiti inogara mumvura. Tsanga, tsanga nebhagio zvinobuda pachena. Ecosystems ine mangroves inogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzemvura. Aya ndiwo marudzi emiti anonyanya kupikisa mamiriro emvura yemunyu. Dzinojairirwa kuvhu rakanyorova uye kune marudzi anosvika makumi manomwe emiti yemimango. Mangrove machena, matema, matsvuku uye grey anobuda pachena.
Rutivi rwezvinomera zvine chekuita nemimango uswa hwemugungwa. Iwe unogona zvakare kuwana nzvimbo dzealgae mapani uye yakawanda ye phytoplankton. Kana dziri mhuka, kunewo mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana. Iyo inonyanya kukosha ndeye zooplankton, sezvo chiedza chezuva chinopinda mumvura zvakanaka kwazvo.. Aya mazooplankton anodya hove dze estuarine, kunyanya herring, sardines uye anchovies. Kune zvakare nhamba huru ye molluscs, crustaceans, zvinoyamwisa, shiri uye zvimwe zvinokambaira.
Estuaries inogona kubva mune chero mamiriro ekunze, angave anopisa, anodziya kana kutonhora, zvichienderana nelatitude kwaanowanikwa. Nekudaro, nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwemahombekombe, mamiriro ekunze ayo anokonzerwa nekuwanda kwegungwa. Nokudaro, kunyange munzvimbo dzinotonhora, mamiriro okunze haana kunyanyisa seaya ari mukati.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve chinonzi estuary uye maitiro aro.