Kana isu tichitaura nezvegirazi nzvimbo, isu tinoongorora zvimwe zvezvinhu zvaro zvinotibatsira kuti tinzwisise ayo masimba uye shanduko. Sezvo isu tichiziva, makomo echando anogadzira inonakidza nzvimbo nenzvimbo geomorphologies kuti uwane. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakaumbwa padhuze neiyo mazaya echando are the moraines. Iyo gomo renzvimbo yezvinhu zve glacial zvisina kukamurwa. Moraines anosarudzwa zvinoenderana nehukama hwavo negirazi.
Muchikamu chino tichanyatsoongorora zvakadzama nezve ma moraines, ndedzipi mhando dziripo, maumbirwo avo uye chii chakakosha kukosha kwavo kune echando.
Chii chinonzi moraines
Chinhu chekutanga chatinofanira kujekesa nezvacho chinonzi moraine. Icho chidiki chemakomo chinoumbwa nechinhu chatinoti till. Iyi till hapana chimwe chinhu kunze kwechinhu chakaumbwa mumazaya echando uye izvo hazvina kusungwa. Izvo zvinhu hazvina kunge zviri munzvimbo ino kwenguva yakareba uye hazvina kukamurwa nehuremu hwechando nekufamba kwemakore. Kana isu tichifunga nezve mashandiro eiyo glacier inoshanda, tichaona kuti kuunganidzwa kwechando kunoitika gore rega rega mushure menguva yechando. Mushure mekunge chando chadonha, chinoungana nekuda kwemhedzisiro yegiravhiti uye chinopatsanura nematanho echando akadonha uye asina kunyungudika kubva makore apfuura.
Aya ndiwo marongero anoita chando chando. Izvo zvakadzama zvatinoenda, makore mazhinji kumashure isu tichave tichiongorora. Iyo seti yemachira echando inonzi stratifications. Zvakanaka, kana zvimwe zvese zvinhu zvarongedzwa (sekutaura) asi pasina kubatirirwa, inonzi till.
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dze moraines zvinoenderana nehukama hwainaro negirazi riripo. Tichaongorora mhando dzakasiyana dze moraines:
- Background moraine. Iyo ndiyo mhando yem moraine iyo inoumba pasi pechando chechando. Uyu murwi we till uchave uri pamubhedha uye unozokanganiswa nekunyungudika kwechando uye kuyerera kwemvura inonyungudika.
- Yakazotevera moraine. Iyo ndiyo iyo iyo zvinhu zvinowanika kumahombekombe eiyo glacier mubhedha. Pamativi echando machira iwe unogona kuona zvese izvo zvigadzirwa zvinoumba iyi moraine.
- Central moraine. Kana ma lateral moraines asvika pakakura kwazvo, zvinogona kuitika kuti vanobatana pakati pebani panosangana maaizi maviri. Mubatanidzwa uyu unonzi wepakati moraine.
- Terminal moraine. Izvo zvinoumbwa neglacier debris deposits. Iwo anowanzo kuwanikwa kumucheto kwechando uye ndiwo mhedzisiro yekutakurwa kwezvinhu izvi uye mhedzisiro yegiravhiti.
- Ablation moraine. Ndeavo vakaiswa pamubhedha wechando.
Mhando huru
Hunhu hwema moraines hwakapfupikiswa mune zvirimo zvezvimisikidzo zvechando uye zvigadzirwa zvakaita sezvidimbu zvematombo izvo zvakarongedzwa mukati mekuyambuka kwese kwechando. Ichando chiri kudhonza ivhu zvekushandisa nehuremu hwayo uye chichienderera mberi pagore chando uye chando. Naizvozvo, zororo rinoshandurwa pamusoro pemakore nemakore kudzamara mipata yechando nemamwe mafomu aumbwa.
Matombo eablation moraines zvakare ane akati wandei akasiyana marudzi ezvigadzirwa anowanikwa mune echando mubhedha. Chimwe chinhu chinonzi zvakare moraine ndiyo sediment inogadziriswa nechando. Izvi imhaka yekuti, mushure merwendo rwese rwakatora kubva kumatunhu akakwirira, iyo glacier iri kudhonza zvese zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa munzira.
Kusvika masimba
Chatinodaidza kuti seminda ndeye kuunganidzwa kwenzvimbo dzinobva mugirazi uye nemasimba aro. Ivo vanogona zvakare kunzi vanodhonzwa kana echando kudhonza kana zvinyoro nyoro seti zvikaumbwa izvo zvinogadzirwa muglacier. Iyo yekurima ndicho chidimbu cheiyo glacial drift yakaiswa munzira.
Hunhu uhwu hunoreva kuti kuumbwa kweiyo till hakugare kwakafanana. Tinogona kuwana musanganiswa wevhu, matombo, mavhu uye jecha. Iyo ivhu mune matairi ine denderedzwa chimiro mushure mekufamba uye inotevera kuunganidza. Dzinodaidzwa kudzamara mabhora. Aya mabhora anotenderera pamubhedha werukova uye anogona kuwedzera matombo mukuumbwa kwawo. Izvo zvinoita izvi ndezvekuti zvinopedzisa kupedzisa nzira yese yakavharwa nematombo.
Aya kusvikira mabhora anowanzo kunzi armored kusvika mabhora nekuti ane mamwe matombo. Zvese izvi zvinhu zvinodaidzwa kusvika zvinoiswa panoperera moraine, pamativi, pakati nepakati. Sezvo nguva yekunyungudika inosvika uye girazi richitanga kunyungudika, ruzhinji rwevarimi rwuchizvuzvurudza nekuisa musandurs yenzizi dzinouya kubva kuchando. Izvi zvinonyanya kududzirwa kana iri kondinendi yekondinendi inotanga kunyungudika. Matira anokwanisawo kutakura mamwe madhipatimendi ese akagadzirwa nemaminerari kana mabwe anokosha. Izvi zvinhu zvinounganidzwa parwendo rwese rwechando uye kuwana hukuru hwehupfumi hwekuva chimwe chinhu chakasarudzika. Semuenzaniso, zvinoitika nemadhaimani muWisconsin, Indiana neCanada.
Nyanzvi mukutsvaga zvicherwa izvi zvinotarisa pakutevera nzira dzinoiswa netills uye kudzishandisa senzira yekuziva nzira yakatarwa negirazi panguva yekuburuka pasi pegomo. Pakati pezvinonyanya kutsvakwa mari ndeye iyo yekimberlite, aya ari iwo madipoziti kwaunogona kuwana mangoda akawanda kana mhando dzakasiyana dzezvicherwa.
Pane zviitiko zvinoverengeka umo iwe zvaunogona kuwana zvakasimbiswa kana kurerutswa kusvika. Izvi zvinoitika nekuti vakavigwa uye, pamwe nekuita kwekumanikidza kwematanho epamusoro rave dombo. Mhando yedombo iri inozivikanwa se tillite uye iri mhando yedombo sedimentary.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve moraines uye matairi.