Chii chinonzi gungwa

Tinoziva kuti zvikamu zvitatu muzvina zvepasi redu zvakafukidzwa nemvura. Mhomho yemvura ine munyu inogara nhamba huru yemhuka nezvinomera zvinoumba hupfumi hwakapfuma hunozivikanwa semakungwa. itaChii chinonzi gungwa Chokwadi? Hunhu hupi uye kukosha kwahunahwo?

Muchinyorwa chino tichatarisa pakutsanangura kuti gungwa chii, kuti chii charinoita uye kukosha kwariinaro kuhupenyu hwepasi.

Chii chinonzi gungwa

Nyanza imvura zhinji ine munyu inopatsanura makondinendi maviri kana kupfuura.. Aya mawedzero emumvura anofukidza nzvimbo zhinji dzepasi redu (71% yepasi penyika) uye vanotaurirana, vachifukidza zviuru zvemakiromita emakiromita uye ine anopfuura bhiriyoni cubic makiromita emvura.

Tichifunga nezvezvimiro izvi, zvinonzwisisika kuti gungwa chinhu chakasiyana chenyika yedu. Upenyu hwakabva kwavari uye vachiri kuchengetedza chikamu chepamusoro-soro chezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinozivikanwa, izvo zvinorevawo kuti inzvimbo yezvokudya zvevanhu uye mamwe mabasa akawanda ehupfumi uye ekuvaraidza.

Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, nyanza dzakanyanya kumufadza nokumutyisa munhau yose yomunhu, sezvo akaumba mahwindo emukana nemitsetse yokukamuranisa yaimudzivisa kufamba ari oga kubva kukona imwe yenyika kuenda kune imwe. Zvakare, nekuti matumbi makuru aya emvura anoita basa rakakosha mukutenderera kwePasi, tsaona zhinji dzemamiriro ekunze nenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzinoitika pamusoro padzo, dzinowanzoita kuti vanhu vari mumahombekombe vari kure.

Makungwa mahombe emvura chaiwo. Iyo ine inofungidzirwa nzvimbo ye361.000.000 square kilometers, kana matatu-makota ePasi rose.

Kudzika kwaro kweavhareji i3.900 metres (nezvimwe zvinozivikanwa zviri nani, seMariana Trench iri 11.034 metres), uye huwandu hwayo hunosvika 1.300.000.000 square kilometres, kana 94% yemvura yePasi.

Classification uye mavambo

Kune makungwa matatu munyika: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, neIndia Ocean, ichiteverwa nemakungwa madiki maviri: North Pole neSouth Pole.. Iwo maviri ekutanga pane rondedzero anowanzo kupatsanurwa muPacific Ocean neNorth kana South Atlantic, zvichiteerana. Pane idzi, huru iPacific Ocean.

Gungwa reAtlantic rinoparadzanisa makondinendi eEurope neAfrica kubva kuAmerica, nepo Pacific Ocean inoparadzanisa yekupedzisira kubva kuAsia neOceania. Zvichakadaro, Indian Ocean, inoparadzanisa kondinendi yeAfrica kubva kuAsia neOceania pasi peIndia.

Nyanza dzeArctic neAntarctic dziri padyo nenzvimbo dzadzo dzekuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba.

Kunyange zvazvo mvura ichiita sechinhu chinowanikwa kwose kwose panyika yedu, hatina chokwadi nekwayakabva panyika yedu nokuti haipo kune mamwe mapuraneti sezvatinoiziva.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mvura shoma shoma yakabudiswa apo Nyika yakatonhorerwa zvakakwana kuti mvura yemvura ibude, iyo yakabva yawedzerwa nechando kubva kunze muchimiro chekometi kubva kune solar system's asteroid belt.

Mvura yegungwa ine munyu nekuti ine yakawanda yakasimba sodium uye chlorine., iyo inoshandurwa kuita munyu wetafura (sodium chloride). Nekudaro, mazinga emunyu anosiyana uye munzvimbo dzepolar akadzikira.

Mvura yegungwa inewo magnesium, potassium, calcium, nezvimwe zvinhu muzvikamu zviduku zvikuru. Inofungidzirwa kuti, zvichipiwa hukuru hwayo, zvinhu zvose zvinozivikanwa zvinogona kuwanikwa mairi. Chinhu chinoda kuziva nezvemvura yemugungwa ndechekuti ruvara rwayo rwebhuruu, zvinopesana nezvingafungwa nemunhu, Haisi chete nekuda kwekuratidzwa kwebhuruu kwedenga, asi nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo, mvura inowanzoita yebhuruu.

Tembiricha yegungwa nemafungu

Tembiricha yemvura yegungwa inoshanduka, tembiricha yayo inodziya yepasi inowanzosvika pakati pe12 ne30 madhigirii celsius, uye inogona kubva pamusoro kusvika pamamita makumi mashanu kana 50 metres kudzika.

Pazasi pezvinhambwe izvi, mvura inoramba iri pakati pe5 ne -1 °C. Zviripachena, aya hunhu akakwira mumvura dzinopisa uye padyo neequator, uye anodzikira sezvatinosvika pamatanda. Zvakare, mvura yemugungwa inodziya muzhizha uye inotonhora muchando.

Mvura iri munyanza haina kumbomira, asi inogara ichifamba nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemasaisai aripo anokonzerwa nekukwezva kwemwedzi nezuva, saka pamusoro penyika yakavhenekerwa kumwedzi icharatidza kuwedzera kukuru. huwandu hwemvura, nepo yakafumurwa Kuwanda kwemvura muzuva kunoderedzwa zvakanyanya.

Izvi zvinopa mhando mbiri dzemasaisai:

• Mafungu echirimo. Zvinoitika kana Mwedzi uri muchikamu chitsva kana kuti chakazara, kureva kuti, Nyika, Mwedzi uye Zuva zvakabatana uye masimba anokwevera enyeredzi mbiri achibatana kuti awane kukwezva kukuru kumuviri wemvura.
• mafungu akafa. Zvinoitika kana Mwedzi neZuva zviri kumagumo eNyika, nokudaro zvichidzima kukwezvana kwadzo nekuenda kwakapesana. Zvinoitika panguva yekunyura uye kupera kwemwedzi.

Imwe nzira yekufamba kwemakungwa mafungu egungwa, ayo ari chigadzirwa chekuita kwemhepo pamvura, iyo inobvisa uye inoafambisa neCoriolis mhedzisiro uye kutenderera kwePasi. 28 mafungu egungwa akasiyana anozivikanwa, imwe neimwe inobatanidza nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzePasi nenzira yakamonereka.

Njodzi uye kusvibiswa kwemakungwa

Mvura iri mumakungwa inogona kuva bviro yenjodzi zhinji dzinongoitika dzoga, zvese zvichikonzerwa nekukanganisa kwayo mamiriro ekunze epasi, sezvo tembiricha mukati memakungwa zvinoshanduka zvichikonzera shanduko yekumanikidza uye kusikwa kwemhepo inofamba. Zvinogona kudaro izvi zvinoguma nemadutu, madutu, chamupupuri kana dzimwe njodzi dzemamiriro ekunze izvo zvinonyanya kukanganisa vagari vomumhenderekedzo yegungwa.

Saizvozvowo, kudengenyeka kwenyika nemafungu zvinogona kuchinja kugara kwemvura uye kukonzera tsunami, iyo inogona kuparadza zvose zviri munzira yavo.

Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwezviitwa zvemaindasitiri emunhu pane zvipenyu hazvidzivirirwe nekukanganisa kwemakungwa. Iri injodzi yezvakatipoteredza kana tichifunga kuti 70% yeokisijeni iri paNyika inobva mu plankton iri pamusoro pegungwa, zvinoreva kuti. kuti gungwa rinotora yakawanda yecarbon dioxide uye inodzivirira greenhouse effect.

Zvisinei, kuredza hove uye kusvibisa kunofungidzirwa kuti kwakaderedza upenyu mumakungwa ne40 muzana kubvira muna 1950, sezvo zvivako zvakawanda zvokugadzira zvinhu zvinorasira tsvina ine chepfu mugungwa.

Kuparara kwemakungwa kunonzi kwapera 20-30%, paine manzwi anotyisa achizivisa kuti kana zvese zvikaramba zvakadaro, hupenyu hwemugungwa hunogona kutsakatika mukati memakore makumi maviri nemashanu.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve gungwa uye maitiro aro.