Geology inowanzotaurwa nezvayo muuzhinji, ndiko kuti, sainzi ye geological, nekuti inosanganisira bazi rakatsaurirwa kune chimwe chikamu chePasi, senge mamiriro ekunze, mineral exploration, tectonic dynamics, nezvimwe. Nekuwedzera, inogona kushanda kune dzimwe nyeredzi dziri mumhepo yezuva. Vanhu vazhinji havazivi chii chinonzi geology kana matavi awo makuru.
Nechikonzero ichi, tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kukuudza kuti geology chii, maitiro ayo uye kukosha kwayo.
chii chinonzi geology
Geology ndiyo sainzi yechisikigo yakazvipira kudzidza nezvepasi. Chinangwa chayo ndechekunzwisisa kuumbwa kwemuviri uye chimiro chemukati nekunze chepasi redu, pamwe nemaitiro akasiyana uye masimba akaibvumira kushanduka kubva pakuumbwa kwayo kusvika nhasi. Zita rayo rinobva pamazwi echiGiriki anoti Geo, "pasi" uye logos, "mashoko kana ruzivo".
Kune rimwe divi, geology inosanganisira ruzivo rwedzidziso, senzira iyo pasi rakaumbwa nayo. Nekune rimwe divi, inopawo mashandisirwo chaiwo muzvikamu zvezviitiko zvevanhu, senge geotechnics uye civil engineering, uye kunyangwe mukunzwisisa nekudzivirira kwehukuru-hukuru hwepasi pano sekudengenyeka kwenyika.
mapazi e geology
Geology inosanganisira anotevera matavi makuru, nemamwe akawanda asina kutaurwa:
- Geophysics. Sezvinoratidzwa nezita rayo, zvinosanganisira kushandiswa kwezivo uye maonero efizikisi kudzidza Pasi. Nenzira iyi, anofarira kusimba kwesimba rinoshanda kuhupenyu hwePasi ikozvino uye munguva yakapfuura, sekufungisisa uye refraction, giravhiti, electromagnetism, radioactivity, nezvimwe. Iyo zvakare yakakamurwa kuita yemukati geophysics uye yekunze geophysics, zvichienderana nekudzika kwemuviri wepasi mune yako kufarira.
- Tectonics. Anofarira kudzika kwakadzika kwepasi, apo matombo anobva anokanganisa pasi, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, achibvumira makondinendi kuti afambe maererano netectonic plates, inokwanisa kukurudzira kuumbwa kwemakomo uye / kana kukonzera kudengenyeka kwenyika.
- Geochemistry. Senge geophysics nefizikisi, geochemistry inoshandisa ruzivo rwemakemikari uye maturusi kuti anzwisise nyaya yePasi, ndiko kuti, kunzwisisa kuti inogadzirwa sei uye kuti chii, uye nekukwanisa kuburitsa ruzivo irworwo mune mamwe mapuraneti. nenyeredzi kubva muchadenga. Anofarira kushandurwa kwematombo uye maitiro anoitika pakati pezvinhu zvepasi pevhu.
- Stratigraphy. Iri bazi re geology rinodudzira, rinoronga uye rinonzwisisa zvakasara zve igneous, sedimentary uye metamorphic matombo, pamwe nekuenderera mberi kwezvikamu zvakadzika zvinoumba ivhu, zvinonzi stratigraphy.
- Petroleum Geology. Imwe yemashandisirwo akanyanya kuita mari ye geology inosanganisira ese maoiri: kuumbwa kwayo, nzvimbo, fungidziro yekuchengetera, uye kuongorora nekubvisa.
- Hydrology. Sezvinoratidzwa nezita rayo, inofarira mvura, kunyanya mvura yakaiswa pazasi pepamusoro (mvura yepasi), uye kudyidzana kwayo nevhu, matombo, zvicherwa nemanyoro, uye kuratidzwa kwayo kwakasiyana (gasi, mvura uye yakasimba) uye maitiro ekudzora ayo. pasi pevhu dhipoziti uye mafambiro.
- Meteorology. Inodzidza zviitiko zvemumhepo uye inoedza kufanotaura kukura kwavo. Kuti uite izvi, zvinotora mukufunga zvinhu zvakadai sekumanikidzwa, tembiricha, humidity, mhepo, nezvimwe.
- Speleology. Mapazi anodzidza kuumbwa uye morphology yemapako epasi uye mamwe mapako echisikigo, achitsvaga kuongorora, mepu uye kuunganidza sampuli kuti ipe ruzivo rwakakosha nezve ecosystem yedunhu. Maitiro ayo anowanzoitwa nenzira yekutamba, ndosaka ichifanirwa kunzi caving.
- Paleontology. Iyo pachayo ibazi re geology uye masayenzi echisikigo akatsaurirwa kudzidza kwehupenyu hwekare papasi redu kuburikidza nehumbowo hwefossil hunowanikwa muvhu. Icho chirango chinonyatsozivikanwa nekutsvaga dinosaurs nePaleozoic hupenyu, kunyange yakatsaurirwawo kunzwisisa hupenyu hwehutachiona uye paleobotany.
- Seismology. Sainzi yekudengenyeka, kuputika kwemakomo uye kudengenyeka kwenyika uye tectonic displacements inovagadzira. Inopawo ruzivo nezve seismic wave kuparadzira, kudzivirira kukuvadzwa kwekudengenyeka kwenyika, uye dzidzo yekudengenyeka kwenyika.
Kukosha
Geology isayenzi yakakura uye yakasiyana-siyana. Iine akasiyana maapplication uye inogona kuponesa hupenyu mune mamwe mamiriro, akadai civil engineering, seismology kana mamwe mabasa. Nekune rimwe divi, ine akasiyana ekushandisa ane mari mune zvehupfumi akadai se petroleum sainzi, mineralogy, nezvimwe zvakawanda.
Uyezve, rinopa ruzivo rwakawanda runokosha pamusoro pezvakaita pasi redu pachedu. Geology ndiko kunobva ruzivo nezvePasi zvekare uye zvazvino, mupfungwa yekuti inotibatsira kuwedzera ruzivo rwayo kune mamwe mapuraneti uye kunyange kufanotaura ramangwana redu.
Geology vs biology uye geography
Biology uye geology zvine mharadzano dzakawanda. Kutanga, vakabatanidza dzidziso dzekare kuti vadzidze zvinoshamisa zvisikwa zvakagara zviripo umo masara mashoma asara muvhu. Pamusoro pezvo, pamwe chete vanodzidza hukama hwakaoma pakati pehupenyu uye inorganic elements. Vanogona kutsanangura kuti zvipenyu zvinoshandura sei, kutakura, kugadzirisa, kana kuzvishandura pazvinenge zvakakodzera, zvichisiya tsoka dzemakemikari dzinogona kuzivikanwa nenyanzvi dzepasi, kunyange mamiriyoni emakore gare gare.
Saizvozvowo, shanduko ye geological paPasi ine mhedzisiro panzira yehupenyu, iyo inoonekwa mumhirizhonga yekushanduka-shanduka: funga kuti zvipenyu zvakapatsanurwa kubva kune mamwe marudzi nekuparadzaniswa kwenzvimbo dzavanogara nekuda kwema tectonics emaplateti vakatora makosi akasiyana ekushanduka-shanduka uye akaguma ava marudzi akasiyana zvachose.
Kunyange zvazvo zvakanyorwa zvakafanana, geography uye geology zvikamu zvakasiyana zvachose zvekudzidzapasinei nekushamwaridzana kwavo kune mumwe nemumwe. Iyi geographer yakatsaurirwa kuongororo yemamiriro epasi aripo, kwete kupatsanurwa kwezvematongerwo enyika kana kwevanhu chete, asiwo kugoverwa kwezviwanikwa zvayo zvicherwa kana tsaona dzechisikigo, nezvimwe.
Ukuwo, sezvatakataura, iyo geologist inonyanya kudzidza maitiro epasi kubva pakuumbwa kwayo kusvika panorama iyo geographer inodzidza, ndiko kuti, anofarira zvakapfuura uye zvazvino zvepasi.. Nekudaro, dzidziso mbiri idzi dzinopindirana kuti dzipfumise minda yavo yeruzivo.
Geology chirongwa chedhigirii reyunivhesiti, dhigirii reBachelor. Zvinowanzotora makore mashanu kuti uidzidze. Zvikamu zvaro zvinosanganisira zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakakweretwa kubva kune dzimwe sainzi chaidzo, sefizikisi, chemistry, kana biology, pamwe nesainzi yemagariro, senge geography, nhoroondo, kana economics.
Iri basa rinopa naturalist kudzidziswa uye kugadzirira kwehunyanzvi kune nyanzvi dzayo. Kune rumwe rutivi, inovabvumira kuti vanzwisise maitiro akaoma ezvisikwa zvepasi uye, kune rumwe rutivi, kuverenga, kuyera uye kushandisa zviwanikwa zvayo.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve geology uye maitiro ayo.