Pazvinhu zvese zvemamiriro ekunze zvinoitika pasi redu, pane zvimwe zvinokwezva zvakanyanya. madutu. Kune mhando dzinoverengeka, imwe neimwe iine hunhu hwayo inoita kuti chive chinhu chinoyemurika.
Asi ivo vanoumbwa sei? Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvese nezve ivo, usapotsa izvi zvakakosha.
Chii chinonzi dutu?
Mune meteorology, dutu rinogona kureva zvinhu zviviri:
- Mhepo dzakasimba kwazvo dzinoitika munzvimbo dzine kumanikidza kwemhepo kuri pasi. Vanoenderera mberi mumativi makuru anotenderera pavari, uye vanobva kumahombekombe, kazhinji kunopisa.
- Kumanikidzwa kwakaderera mudenga nzvimbo kunonaya mvura yakawanda uye mhepo dzakanyanya kunoitika. Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare sedutu, uye pamamepu emamiriro ekunze iwe uchaiona ichimiririrwa ne "B".
Iyo anticyclone inopesana, ndiko kuti, dunhu rekumanikidza kukuru kunotiunzira mamiriro ekunze akanaka.
marudzi emadutu
Kune mhando shanu dzedutu, idzo dziri:
Tropical dutu
Ndicho inokurumidza kutenderera whirlpool ine yakaderera kumanikidza nzvimbo (kana ziso). Inoburitsa mhepo yakasimba uye mvura yakawanda, ichikwevera simba rayo kubva mukudzikama kwemhepo inonaya.
Inokura, kazhinji yenguva, mumatunhu epasi epasi, pamvura inodziya iyo inonongedza tembiricha ingangoita 22ºC, uye kana iwo mhepo yakati rebei, zvichikonzera yakaderera kumanikidza system.
Muchikamu chekuchamhembe chinotenderera zvinopesana neiwachi; Kune rimwe divi, kumaodzanyemba hemisphere rinotenderera kumashure. Chero zvazvingaitika, inoburitsa kukuvara kwakakura kwenzvimbo dzemahombekombe nekuda kwemvura zhinji izvo zvinokonzeresa kudengenyeka kwemhepo uye kupunzika kwenyika.
Zvichienderana nesimba rayo, inonzi inonzi tropical depression, tropical storm, kana hurricane (kana madutu makuru muAsia). Ngatione ayo makuru maficha:
- Tropical kushushikana: kumhanya kwemhepo kunokwana 62km / h, uye kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya nemafashama.
- Tropical dutu: kumhanya kwemhepo pakati pe63 ne117km / h, uye kunaya kwayo kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera mafashama makuru. Mhepo ine simba inogona kuburitsa chamupupuri.
- Dutu: Inotumidzwazve zita rekuti dutu apo kusimba kunodarika tropical dutu kuisirwa. Kumhanyisa kwemhepo kuri kushoma pa119km / h, uye kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya kumahombekombe.
Hurricane Zvikamu
Dutu guru idutu rine dutu rinogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya, saka zvakakosha kuti tizvizive kuitira kuti titore matanho anodiwa nekudzivirira kurasikirwa nehupenyu hwevanhu.
Iyo Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale inosiyanisa zvikamu zvishanu zvemadutu:
- Chikamu 1: kumhanya kwemhepo kuri pakati pe119 ne153km / h. Inokonzera mafashama mumahombekombe, uye kumwe kukanganisa kumachiteshi.
- Chikamu 2: kumhanya kwemhepo kuri pakati pe154 ne177km / h. Inokonzera kukanganisa kumatenga, madhoo nemahwindo, pamwe nemunzvimbo dzemahombekombe.
- Chikamu 3: kumhanya kwemhepo kuri pakati pe178 ne209km / h. Inokonzeresa kukuvara kwechimiro muzvivakwa zvidiki, kunyanya munzvimbo dzemahombekombe, uye inoparadza dzimba dzekufambisa
- Chikamu 4: kumhanya kwemhepo kuri pakati pe 210 ne 249km / h. Inokonzeresa kukuvara kwakapararira kwezvivakwa zvekudzivirira, matenga ezvivakwa zvidiki anowira, uye mahombekombe nematanda zvinoputika.
- Chikamu 5: kumhanya kwemhepo kunopfuura 250km / h. Inoparadza matenga ezvivakwa, mvura yakasimba inokonzera mafashama anokwanisa kusvika pasi pezasi pezvivakwa zviri munzvimbo dzemahombekombe, uye kubviswa kwenzvimbo dzekugara kunogona kudikanwa.
Kubatsira kwematutu anopisa
Kunyangwe zvichikonzera kukuvara kwakakomba, chokwadi ndechekuti ivowo zvakanaka kwazvo yezvakatikomberedza, senge anotevera:
- Vanogona kupedza nguva yekusanaya kwemvura.
- Mhepo dzinogadzirwa nedutu dzinogona kumutsidzira chifukidziro chemuriwo, kubvisa miti yekare, inorwara kana isina kusimba.
- Inogona kuunza mvura nyowani kumahombekombe.
Extratropical dutu
Stratropical madutu, anozivikanwawo sepakati-latitude madutu, inowanikwa munzvimbo dzepakati dzePasi, pakati pe30 ne60º kubva kuequator. Idzo zviitiko zvakajairika, izvo pamwe chete neanticyclones inofambisa nguva pamusoro penyika, ichiburitsa kanenge kahutu.
Ivo vanobatana ne yakaderera-kumanikidza system inoitika pakati penzvimbo dzinopisa uye matanda, uye zvinoenderana nekupesana kwetembiricha pakati pevanhu vanodziya uye vanotonhora mweya. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kana paine chinoonekwa uye nekukurumidza kudzikira mumhepo yekumanikidza, ivo vanodanwa kuputika cyclogenesis.
Dzinogona kuumba kana dutu rinopisa rikapinda mumvura inotonhora, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya, senge mafashama o kudengenyeka kwenyika.
Subtropical dutu
Dutu guru iro ine hunhu hwenzvimbo dzinopisa uye extratropical. Semuenzaniso, dutu rine dutu reArani, rakaumbwa munaKurume 14, 2011 padhuze neBrazil uye rakagara kwemazuva mana, raive nemhepo yemhepo ye110km / h, saka yaionekwa sedutu remhepo, asi inoumbwa muchikamu cheAtlantic Ocean uko matutu anopisa asingawanzo kuumba.
Polar dutu
Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare seacctric cyclone, iri yakaderera kumanikidza system ine dhayamita pakati 1000 uye 2000 km. Iine hupenyu hupfupi pane hwedutu rinopisa, nekuti zvinongotora maawa makumi maviri nemana kuti zvisvike pakakwirira.
Genera mhepo ine simba, asi hazviwanzo kukonzera kukuvara sezvo vachiumbwa munzvimbo dzine vanhu vashoma.
Mesocyclone
Ndicho mhepo vortex, iri pakati pe2 ne10 km dhayamita, iyo inoumbwa mukati meiyo convective dutu, ndiko kuti, mweya unokwira uye unotenderera pane yakatwasuka axis. Iyo inowanzo kuve inosanganisirwa nenzvimbo yakasarudzika yenzvimbo yakadzvinyirira mukati memvura yekutinhira, iyo inogona kuunza yakasimba pamusoro pemhepo nechimvuramabwe.
Kana mamiriro akakodzera aripo inoitika pamwe nekusimudzira mu supercells, ayo asiri chimwe chinhu kunze kwedutu guru rinotenderera, kwaigona kubva chamupupuri. Ichi chinoshamisa chiitiko chinoumbwa mumamiriro ekusagadzikana kwakanyanya, uye kana paine mhepo dzakasimba pakukwirira kwakakwirira. Kuti uveone, zvinokurudzirwa kuenda kuGreat Plains kuUnited States nekuPampean Plains yekuArgentina.
Uye neizvi tinopera. Chii chawafunga nezve ichi chakakosha?