Mukuongorora nyeredzi, meteorites uye asteroids zvinotaurwa kakawanda. Vanhu vazhinji vanokahadzika pamusoro pekuti musiyano uripo pakati pavo uye chii chinonzi asteroids Chokwadi. Kuti unyatsonzwisisa zvese zvezuva redu rezuva, zvakakosha kuziva kuti chii chinonzi asteroids.
Nechikonzero ichi, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze kuti chii chinonzi asteroids, maitiro avo, mavambo uye njodzi.
chii chinonzi asteroids
Asteroids matombo emuchadenga ari madiki pane mapuraneti uye anotenderera zuva mu elliptical orbits ane mamirioni emaasteroids, vazhinji vavo mune inonzi "asteroid belt". Mamwe ose akagoverwa mumigwagwa yemamwe mapuraneti ari mugadziriro yezuva, kusanganisira Earth.
Asteroids inyaya yekuramba ichitsvagirwa nekuda kwepedyo nePasi. Pasinei nekuti vasvika pasi redu munguva yakapfuura, mukana wekukanganisa wakaderera. Kutaura zvazviri, masayendisiti akawanda anoti kutsakatika kwema<em>dinosaur kunokonzerwa nokukanganisa kunoita asteroid.
Zita rokuti asteroid rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki rinoreva kuti “nyeredzi,” zvichireva chitarisiko chadzo nokuti dzinotaridzika senyeredzi kana dzichionekwa neteresikopu iri paNyika. Mukati mezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, asteroids yainzi "planetoids" kana "mapuraneti maduku."
Dzimwe dzakarovera panyika yedu. Padzinopinda mumhepo, dzinopisa uye dzinova meteorites. Maasteroid makuru pane dzimwe nguva anonzi asteroids. Vamwe vanhu vane vadyidzani. Asteroid yakakura ndeye Ceres, anenge 1.000 makiromita muhupamhi. Muna 2006, International Astronomical Union (IAU) yakaitsanangura sepasi diki sePluto. Ipapo Vesta uye Pallas, 525 km. Gumi nenhanhatu akawanikwa pamusoro pe240 km, uye akawanda madiki.
Huremu hwakabatanidzwa hweasteroids ose ari mugadziriro yezuva ishoma zvikuru pane hwemwedzi. Zvinhu zvikurusa zvine denderedzwa, asi zvinhu zvisingasviki mamaira zana mudhayamita zvine maumbirwo akareba, asina kurongeka. Vanhu vazhinji vanoda maawa ari pakati pe5 ne20 kuti vapedze kumukira kamwe chete pashaft.
Masayendisiti mashoma anofunga nezveasteroids sezvisaririra zvemapuraneti akaparadzwa. Zvingangodaro, ivo vanotora nzvimbo munzvimbo yesolar system umo saizi yakakura inogona kunge yakaumbwa, kwete nekuda kwekuparadza kweJupiter.
Kutanga
Pfungwa iyi inoti ma asteroids ndiwo masara emakore egasi neguruva akapfumbuka apo Zuva neNyika zvakaumbwa makore angangoita mamirioni mashanu apfuura. Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakabva mugore iroro zvakaungana nepakati, zvichiita nucleus yakasika zuva.
Zvimwe zvese zvakatenderedza nucleus itsva, zvichiita zvidimbu zvehukuru hwakasiyana zvinonzi "asteroids". Izvi zvinobva kune zvikamu zvezvinhu izvo hazvina kubatanidzwa muzuva kana mapuraneti ezuva.
asteroid mhando
Asteroids yakakamurwa kuita mapoka matatu zvichienderana nenzvimbo yavo uye rudzi rwemapoka:
- Asteroids mubhandi. Ndiwo anowanikwa munzvimbo dzinotenderera muchadenga kana kumuganhu pakati peMars neJupiter. Iri bhandi rine zvizhinji zveaya ari mugadziriro yezuva.
- centaur asteroid. Vanotenderera mumiganhu iri pakati peJupiter kana Saturn uye pakati peUranus kana Neptune, zvichiteerana.
- trojan asteroid. Iwo ndiwo anogovera mafambiro epuraneti asi kazhinji haaite mutsauko.
Avo vari pedyo nepasi redu vakakamurwa kuva mapoka matatu:
- Asteroids Love. Ndidzo dzinopfuura nepakati peMars.
- Apollo Asteroids. Idzo dzinoyambuka kutenderera kwePasi nekudaro injodzi (kunyangwe njodzi yekukanganisa yakaderera).
- Aton Asteroids. Zvikamu zviya zvinodarika nekutenderera kweNyika.
Mhando huru
Asteroids inoratidzirwa neiyo isina kusimba giravhiti, iyo inovadzivirira kubva pakunyatsoita denderedzwa. Kureba kwayo kunogona kusiyana kubva pamamita mashoma kusvika mazana emakiromita.
Iyo inoumbwa nesimbi nematombo (ivhu, silicate dombo uye nickel-iron) muzvikamu zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwega rwemuviri wekudenga. Havana mhepo uye vamwe vane kana mwedzi mumwe chete.
Kubva pamusoro pePasi, ma<em>asteroid anoita kunge tunhu tudiki twechiedza senyeredzi. Nekuda kwehukuru hwayo uye chinhambwe chikuru kubva kuNyika, ruzivo rwake runobva pane astrometry uye radiometry, chiedza curves uye absorption spectroscopy (chiverengero chenyeredzi chinotibvumira kunzwisisa zvakawanda zvezuva).
Izvo asteroids nemakometi zvakafanana ndezvekuti iwo ese ari maviri mitumbi yedenga anotenderera zuva, anowanzo tora nzira dzisina kujairika (sekusvika kuzuva kana mamwe mapuraneti), uye ndiwo masara ezvinhu zvakaumba solar system.
Zvisinei, Izvo zvakasiyana pakuti ma comets anoumbwa neguruva uye gasi, pamwe chete ne ice zviyo.. Makometi anozivikanwa nemiswe kana makwara aanosiya kumashure, kunyangwe asingasiye makwara nguva dzose.
Sezvo dzine chando, chimiro chavo uye chitarisiko chavo chinosiyana zvichienderana nekureba kwavo kubva kuzuva: vanozotonhora zvakanyanya uye nerima kana vari kure nezuva, kana ivo vachadziya nekudzinga guruva negasi (saka kwakabva contrail). Pedyo nezuva Kometi dzinofungidzirwa kuti dzakaisa mvura uye mamwe organic compounds paNyika payakatanga kuumbwa.
Kune marudzi maviri emakiti:
- nguva pfupi. Makometi anotora makore asingasviki 200 kuti atenderere zuva.
- nguva refu Makometi anoumba matenderedzwa akareba uye asingatarisike. Dzinogona kutora makore anosvika mamiriyoni makumi matatu kuti dzipedze kutenderera kwezuva kumwe chete.
Asteroid bhandi
Bhandi reasteroid rinoumbwa nemubatanidzwa kana fungidziro yezvitunha zvedenga zvakagoverwa muchimiro chemhete (kana bhandi), iri pakati pemiganhu yeMars neJupiter. Inofungidzirwa kuti ine maasteroids makuru anosvika mazana maviri (makiromita zana mudhayamita) uye anenge miriyoni madiki asteroids (kilomita imwe mudhayamita). Nekuda kwehukuru hweasteroid, mana akaonekwa seakakurumbira:
- Ceres. Ndiyo yakakura mubhandi uye ndiyo yega inosvika padhuze nekuonekwa sepasi nekuda kwechimiro chayo chakanyatsotsanangurwa chakatenderera.
- Vesta. Ndiyo yechipiri yakakura asteroid mubhandi uye yakanyanya kukura uye dense asteroid. Chimiro chayo ibhora rakati sandara.
- Pallas. Ndiyo yechitatu pakukura kwemabhanhire uye ine nzira yakatsetseka zvishoma, iyo yakakosha pakukura kwayo.
- Hygieia. Ndiyo yechina pakukura mubhandi, ine hupamhi hwemakiromita mazana mana. Pamusoro payo pakasviba uye zvakaoma kuverenga.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve izvo asteroids uye maitiro avo.