Panyika yedu kune akasiyana geological maumbirwo ane hunhu hwakasiyana zvichienderana nekwaakabva, morphology, rudzi rwevhu, nezvimwe. Imwe yacho inzvimbo yezvitsuwa. Vanhu vazhinji havazivi chii chinonzi archipelago uye kuti inoumbwa sei.
Nechikonzero ichi, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve archipelago chii, kuti yakaumbwa sei uye chii chikuru hunhu hwayo.
Chii chinonzi archipelago
nenzvimbo, Boka rezvitsuwa zvakaungana muchikamu chidiki chegungwa rinonzi archipelago. ndiko kuti, kusiri kure zvakanyanya kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, kunyangwe ivo vachiwanzo kuwanda. Kuwedzera kuzvitsuwa zvacho pachazvo, pangava nemamwe marudzi ezvitsuwa, ma<em>cay, uye ma<em>reef ari muboka rezvitsuwa.
Izwi rekuti archipelago rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki rokuti archi ("pamusoro") uye pélagos ("gungwa"). Iri ndiro izwi rekare raishandiswa kureva Gungwa reAegean ("Shanghai" kana "Gungwa Guru") nokuti rakanga rizere nezvitsuwa. Gare gare, rakashandiswa kureva zvitsuwa zveAegean Sea, uye gare gare boka rezvitsuwa zvakafanana nazvo.
Kune akawanda archipelagos munyika, asi mazhinji akatarisana muSoutheast Asia uye pakati pemhenderekedzo yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweUnited States neGreenland.
Mhando huru
Mamiriro makuru ezvitsuwa ndeaya anotevera:
- Dzinogona kusimuka kana kubva kune tectonic mafambiro, kukukurwa uye deposition.
- Iwo mapoka ezvitsuwa zviri mugungwa zvine zvinhambwe zvishoma kubva kune chimwe.
- Kare, izwi rezvitsuwa raishandiswa kutumidza Gungwa reAegean.
- Zvitsuwa izvo zvinoumba boka rezvitsuwa zvinogovana mavambo akafanana.
- Ivo vanozivikanwa nekupisa kwakanyanya uye mhepo dzekutengeserana dzinovhuvhuta kubva kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva.
- Nguva yekunaya kwayo inowanzotanga muna Chivabvu uye inopfuurira kusvika Zvita.
- Vanonyora nezve 80% yemvura yegore negore.
- Nekuda kwenzvimbo yavo, vanogona kukanganiswa nemadutu.
- Idzo dzinowanikwa munzvimbo dzinopisa dzePasi dzinoshandiswa senzvimbo dzekushanya nekuti mahombekombe avo ndeekunze uye madiki.
- Zvitsuwa zvakaita seJapan mapoka makuru ezvitsuwa zvakamuka zvichikonzerwa nekuputika kwemakomo.
Nei zvitsuwa zvichiumbwa?
Zvitsuwa izvi chibereko chemiitiro yakasiyana-siyana ye geological, ndiko kuti, kuchinja kwepasi nekufamba kwenguva. Sezvo makondinendi akaumbwa, marudzi akasiyana ezvitsuwa akaumbwawo. Nenzira iyi, tinogona kutaura nezve:
- zvitsuwa zvekondinendi dzemabviro mamwe chete sedzimwe kondinendi dzakabatanidzwa kwairi nesherufu yekondinendi, kunyange zvazvo dzakaparadzaniswa pamusoro pemvura zhinji isina kudzika (isingapfuuri mamita 200 kudzika). Zvizhinji zveizvi zvaive chikamu chekondinendi pachayo munguva yakapfuura, apo mwero wegungwa wakanga wakaderera.
- zvitsuwa zvinoputika, iwo mugumisiro wesubmarine volcanism, kuiswa kwezvinhu zvepasi pevhu pamusoro, apo zvinotonhorera uye kuva ivhu rakaoma. Ndivo rudzi rutsva pazvitsuwa zvose.
- zvitsuwa zvakasanganiswa, apo seismic kana kuputika kwemakomo kunosanganiswa nendiro yekondinendi pachayo, inoburitsa musanganiswa wezviitiko zviviri zvekutanga.
- zvitsuwa zvekorari, Kazhinji yakati sandara uye yakaderera, inoumbwa nekuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvekoralline pamapuratifomu asina kudzika pasi pemvura (kazhinji erudzi rwegomo rinoputika).
- sedimentary Islands, mhedzisiro yekuunganidzirwa kwevhu, inowanzowanikwa pamuromo wenzizi huru uye inotakura yakawanda yejecha, matombo, madhaka uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinoumbana nekuomesa nekufamba kwenguva. Vanowanzoita delta pamuromo werwizi.
- zviwi zvenzizi, yakaumbwa pakati perwizi semugumisiro wekuchinja kwekufamba kana nzira yerwizi, zvitsuwa izvi zvinobvumira kuonekwa kwezvikomo zvakasimba, nzvimbo dzekuzororera kana madhaka ane mvura.
mhando dzezvitsuwa
Saizvozvo, archipelagos akaiswa mumapoka maererano nekwaakabva geological, asi mune iyi kesi mapoka maviri chete anosiyaniswa:
- oceanic archipelagos, zvakaumbwa nezvitsuwa zvinowanzobva kune makomo anoputika, hazvisi zveimwe continental plate.
- mainland Archipelago, inoumbwa nezvitsuwa zvekondinendi, ndiko kuti, zvitsuwa zviri chikamu chendiro yekondinendi, kunyange kana zvakaparadzaniswa nenzvimbo dzisina kudzika dzemvura.
mienzaniso yezvitsuwa
Heino mienzaniso yezvitsuwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi:
- zviwi zvehawaii Iwo ari muNorth Pacific Ocean uye ndeweUS. Iwo anoumbwa nezvipfumbamwe zvitsuwa nemaatoll, chikuru kwazvo chiri chitsuwa cheHawaii. Ndiro nderimwe rezvitsuwa zviri kure zvikuru paNyika.
- Iases Ivo ndeveEcuador uye vari makiromita 1.000 kubva kumhenderekedzo yePacific Ocean. Inoumbwa ne13 zvitsuwa zvinoputika uye zvimwe zvitsuwa zvidiki 107 umo yechipiri inonyanya kukosha nzvimbo yakachengetedzwa yegungwa munyika, yakaziviswa World Heritage Site neUNESCO muna 1978.
- Canary Islands: Iri kumahombekombe ekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweAfrica uye mune zvematongerwo enyika zveSpain, zvitsuwa zveCanary zvinoumbwa nezvitsuwa zvisere, zvitsuwa zvishanu uye matombo masere. Iri iboka rezvitsuwa zvinoputika zviri paAfrica continental plate uye chikamu cheMacaronesian natural space.
- The Chiloé Archipelago Iri kumaodzanyemba kweChile uye ine chitsuwa chikuru (Isla Grande de Chiloé) uye zvitsuwa zvidiki zvakati wandei zvakagoverwa kutenderedza chitsuwa chikuru, chine zvitatu uye zvina chimwe nechimwe. Zvitsuwa izvi zvinoenderana nejinga reChilean Coastal Range, uye ese kunze kwenhongonya dzakanyudzwa.
- Zvitsuwa zveLos Roques ndeveVenezuela uye vari muAtlantic Ocean, makiromita 176 kubva kuguta guru, ndiyo hombe yemakorari muGungwa reCaribbean. Iine chimiro chisina kujairika cheatoll, chinowanzo wanikwa muPacific Ocean, uye ine zvitsuwa makumi mana nezviviri zvereef zvine madhamu ari mukati menyika uye makiromita 42 ematombo ecoral.
- iyo malay archipelago, inozivikanwawo seInsulindia, inzvimbo yakasarudzika yeSoutheast Asia, iri pakati peIndian Ocean nePacific Ocean, inosanganisira ese kana chikamu chenzvimbo dzenyika nomwe: Brunei, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Singapore neTimor. . Mabvazuva. Kune zvinopfuura 25.000 zvitsuwa zvakasiyana, zvakakamurwa kuva mapoka matatu: Sunda Islands, Moluccas uye Philippine Islands.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve chii chinonzi archipelago, maitiro ayo uye magadzirirwo.