Pfungwa ye chiedza-gore kazhinji inotsausa. Kuvepo chaiko kweshoko rekuti gore ndiko kwaita kuti vazhinji vabatanidze kutaura uku nechikamu chenguva. Zvisineyi, iyuniti yekuyera yelongitude inoshandiswa mundima yezvenyeredzi, saka pachinzvimbo chekuti "tora gore rakajeka", vanhu vanoti "be a light year away".
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza kuti chiedza chegore chii, kuti chinoyerwa sei, mienzaniso nezvimwe zvakawanda.
Chii chinonzi chiedza-gore
Pfungwa iyi inoshanda sechikamu chekuyera mune zvenyeredzi chinotara daro iro photon kana kuti chikamu chechiedza chinogona kufamba mukati mevacuum yegore rimwe. Mukutaura kwenhamba, Rimwe gore rechiedza rakaenzana ne9,46 x 1012 km kana 9.460.730.472.580,8 km. Chikwata ichi chakanyatsogadzirirwa kuyera nhambwe dzakakura dzeparutivi dzinopfuura mabhiriyoni emakiromita. Madaro aya anoda mwero chaiwo kuti aataure nenzira inonzwisisika.
Sangano reInternational Astronomical Union rinopa tsananguro chaiyo yegore rakareruka, rakadimburirwa kureva nhema kana nhema muchirungu. Kuiyera, karenda yaJulius (panzvimbo yeGregorian) uye kumhanya kwechiedza (kunoverengwa pamamita 299.792.458 XNUMX XNUMX pasekondi) zvinofanira kurangarirwa. Nokudaro, nguva yegore iyo chiedza chinofamba chinhambwe chiri muchadenga chakaenzana nemazuva 365,25, pachinzvimbo chemazuva 365,2425 sezviri mukarenda yaGregory.
Kufanana nemamwe mayuniti ekuyeresa chinhambwe, kuyerwa uku kunogona kukwidziridzwa kusvika kupamusoro-soro nekuwedzera prefix kune kukosha kwenhamba. Semuenzaniso, chinhambwe chemakore 1.000 1.000.000 echiedza-makore chinogona kuratidzwa sekiro-light-gore, kana kly, nepo chinhambwe chemakore XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX echiedza-makore chinogona kuratidzwa se mega-light-year, kana gly.
Kwakabva pfungwa
Pakati pezana remakore rechi61, Friedrich Bessel, muongorori wenyeredzi uye masvomhu wekuGermany, akatanga pfungwa yegore rechiedza sechikamu chekuyera. Kubudirira kukuru kwaBessel kwaive kuverenga chaiko kwechinhambwe kubva kuNyika kuenda kune imwe nyeredzi isiri Zuva, kunyanya nyeredzi XNUMX Cygni iri muboka renyeredzi Cygnus. Mufambo uyu waishamisa huwandu hwemakiromita 98.734.594.662 kana mamaira 61.350.985.287,1, Idzo dzakanga dziri nhamba dzakaoma kubata. Kuti adzivise dambudziko iri, Bessel akasarudza kutaura daro iri maererano nenhamba yenguva inodiwa kuti chiedza chifambe daro iri, angangoita makore 10,3.
Munguva iyo Bessel aishanda, kumhanya kwechiedza kwakanga kusati kwanyatsotsanangurwa, izvo zvakaita kuti asashandise izwi rokuti "light year" mukuverenga kwake. Otto Ule, munyori weSainzi ane mukurumbira wokuGermany, akatanga pfungwa ye“gore rechiedza” muna 1851 uye akaronga kuti rishandiswe nenzira yakafanana ne“awa yokufamba.”
Ichi chikamu chekuyera pakutanga chaionekwa sechikamu chekuongorora nyeredzi neGerman academy, kunyangwe vamwe vakaita seBritish nyanzvi yezvenyeredzi Arthur Eddington, vakanga vachipesana nokugamuchirwa kwaro, vachikurangarira kuva kwakaoma, kusashanda, uye kunokodzera zviri nani kusayenzi yakakurumbira.
Mienzaniso yezvinhambwe zvakayerwa mumakore ekureruka
Kana ikayerwa mumakore akareruka, mamwe madaro enzvimbo anonyanya kukosha. Ngationei mimwe mienzaniso inomiririra apo masayendisiti anoshandisa chikamu chekuyera ichi:
- Iyo mukaka nzira, boka redu renyeredzi, rine dhayamita yechiedza-makore 150.000 240.000. Kana tichienzanisa, Andromeda, boka renyeredzi rakavakidzana naro, rine dhayamita ingangoita 2.500.000 XNUMX light-years. Makwara enzou maviri akaparadzaniswa nechinhambwe chemakore XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX echiedza chemakore.
- Kumucheto kwekunze kwe Yedu solar system iri muOort Cloud., uye chinhambwe chiri pakati pegore iri neZuva chingangoita 1 light year.
- Next Centauri, nyeredzi iri padyo neZuva, iri 4,22 light years away.
- Gwara renzou rinonzi Canis Major, iro riri padyo neGwara renzou, rinoparadzaniswa naro nechinhambwe chemakore 25.000 XNUMX echiedza.
- Boka renzvimbo yemapoka enyeredzi, kusanganisira Milky Way, Ine dhayamita inofungidzirwa ye10.000.000 light years.
- The Virgo Supercluster, iyo inosanganisira Local Group of galaxies, ine dhayamita inofungidzirwa ye200 light-years.
- Iyo Pisces-Cetus supercluster complex, iyo inosanganisira Virgo Supercluster, inofungidzirwa kuti inosvika 1.000.000.000 XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX light-years.
- La Great Wall yeHercules-Corona Borealis, chivako chikurusa chinocherechedzwa chenyeredzi muchisiko chapose pose, chine dhayamita ingada kusvika kumakore anopfuura 10.000.000.000 XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX echiedza-makore.
Mamwe mayuniti emuchadenga ekuyera
Kunze kweichi chiyereso chenyeredzi chinozivikanwa zvikuru, kune mamwe mayuniti ekuyera ayo anoshandiswa kumirira madaro makuru ari pakati pemitumbi yomudenga nemaumbirwo echadenga. Zvizhinji zvezvikamu izvi zvakatorwa kubva mugore rechiedza, kusanganisira mwedzi wechiedza, zuva rechiedza, awa yechiedza, miniti yechiedza, uye chiedza chechipiri. Aya mayuniti anoshanda pamusimboti mumwechete uye anowanzo shandiswa mune yakakurumbira sainzi, kufambiswa kwemashoko, uye relativistic physics.
Nyanzvi dzezvenyeredzi dzinowanzofarira kushandiswa kwezvikamu zvenyeredzi zvinodarika chiedza chegore rimwe pakureba. Mienzaniso yemayuniti akadai inosanganisira:
- Yakatumidzwa Chirungu parallax yeimwe arc yechipiri, Iyo parsec (pc) chikamu chechiyero chakaenzana ne3,2616 light years.
- Nekuverenga avhareji yedaro pakati pePasi neZuva, masayendisiti akatanga iyo astronomical unit (AU) seyakaenzana nemaminetsi masere echiedza.
Vadzidzi vezvemuchadenga vanowanzofarira chikamu chemuchadenga sechikamu chavanoda chekuyera nekuda kweukoshi hwayo husina kusimba, hunogona kuratidzwa nemazwi akareruka. Ukuwo, kukosha kwegore rechiedza kunoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, sekuti kuyerwa kuri kutorwa pasina chinhu kana kuti karenda yaJulian kana yaGregory iri kushandiswa.
Gore rechiedza ndiro chidimbu chisina kunyatsojeka uye chakaoma kunzwisisa kupfuura mamwe. Zvisinei, ine zvakanakira kuva mufananidzo unotsanangura zvikuru wemadaro makuru pakati pezvinhu zvokudenga. Izvi imhaka yokuti chiedza, chinova chinhu chinokurumidza zvikurusa muchisiko chapose pose, chinoshandiswa sechinhu chinonongedzera kuyera aya madaro.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve iro gore rechiedza uye kuti rinoyerwa sei.