La chicherwa iyo sainzi yakatorwa kubva kugeology inotarisa pakudzidza uye kuumbwa kwezvicherwa. Iyo chicherwa hachisi chinhu chinopfuura homogeneous solid iyo ine chaiyo makemikari ekuumbwa ayo asina kugadziriswa. Iyo zvakare ine yakarongeka maatomu mamiriro uye yakawanzo kuumbwa kuburikidza neyezvisikwa inorganic maitiro.
Mune ino chinyorwa tichaenda kukuudza iwe kuti chii chinonzi mineralogy zvidzidzo uye kukosha kwazvinoita padanho resainzi.
Minerals
Nekufamba kwenguva pakave nekusiyaniswa kwakasiyana kwezvicherwa asi zvakatangira pakati pezana ramakore rechiXNUMX apo makemikari akaumbwa ndiyo nzira huru yekumisikidza kwavo. Zvicherwa zvinotsanangurwa zvinoenderana nendege kana anionic mapoka ayo anowanikwa mukemikari yavo. Nenzira iyi, isu hatiwani yakatsanangurwa makirasi ezvicherwa zvine zvakafanana maitiro akafanana. Semuenzaniso, chimwe chehunhu hunogona kufanana neumwe kana akawanda mapoka ezve zvicherwa inyaya yekuti dzinoitika mune imwecheteyo dhipoziti.
Makirasi makuru anoonekwa mune mineralogy ndeaya:
- Zvinhu zvechivanhu
- Sulfides uye sulfosalts
- Oxides uye hydroxides
- Halides
- Carbonates
- Nitrate
- Sulfates
- Silicates
- Borates
- Phosphates
Mune mineralogy, kuzivikanwa kwemaminerari kunonyanya kushanda. Uku kucherechedzwa kwemaminerari kunoitwa muvisu. Izvo ndezvekucherechedza zvicherwa mune ruoko ruoko. Icho chinhu chakakosha chishandiso mumunda basa re geologist, sezvo ichibvumidza kuyerwa kwekutanga kune mhando yezvigadzirwa zve geological zviri kutariswa. Ngatirege kukanganwa kuti dombo rakaumbwa neboka remaminerari.
Zvakarurama Mineralogy
Izvo zvinodikanwa izvo zvinoshandiswa mune iyo mineralogy yeiyo visu yekucherechedzwa kwemaminerari igirazi rinokudza, diki simbi reza kana faira, magineti uye gineral gwara. Izvo zvivakwa zvemaminera ndeavo anogona kucherechedzwa nekureruka kwekucherechedza kana neimwe bvunzo yakapusa
Chinhu chekutanga chaunotarisa nezve chicherwa chimiro chayo. Isu tinogona kuona kuvandudzwa kwechristallographic kumeso kwemaminerari. Kana tikacherekedza chicherwa chakakwenenzverwa zvakanaka tinogona kuona kuti chimiro chayo chekunze chinoratidzirwa neseti yezviso zvinoumba imwe polyhedron. Zvichienderana nerudzi urwu rwepolhedron uye chimiro chechiso chemaficha tinogona kusarudza zvicherwa zvatichave nazvo. Iyi ndiyo nzira inokosha mukuzivikanwa kwako. Ngatipe muenzaniso: patinoona pyrite uye galena tinogona kucherechedza prism ine hexagonal base muaragonite, rhombohedra mucalcite, nezvimwe. Nekudaro, zvakajairika kuti zvicherwa hazvigone kugadzira zviso zvakanaka nekuda kwemamiriro avo ekukura. Muzviitiko izvi makristasi anonzi se allotriomorphs.
Chinhu chechipiri chinoongororwa mu visu mineralogy itsika. Iko kukura kwehukama kweiyo seti yezviso zvekristaro. Izvi zvinoshanda kune ese ari maviri makristaro, makristalline akabatanidzwa. Rubatsiro rweimwe tsika kana imwe zvinoenderana zvachose nemamiriro ekukura emamineral. Kana isu tine chicherwa chakaumbika pamwe nekukasira kukurumidza kutonhora, sezvazvinogona kuitika nematombo anoputika, tinogona kuona makristasi achiumbwa zvachose. Kune rimwe divi, kana isu tine matombo ane kutonhora kwave kuri kuwedzera zvakanyanya kufambira mberi, tinogona kuwana zvidiki zvemakristalline zviyero.
Misiyano mu mineralogy
ruvara
Ruvara rwemaminerari runogona kuve rwakasiyana kwazvo. Chikonzero chekuva neruvara rumwe kana chimwe chingave chiri nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana, kunyange zvichinyanya kuitika nekuda kwekuvapo kwezvimwe zvinhu zvinonzi chromophores senge iron, chromium, cobalt, mhangura, nezvimwe. Icho chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvakanyanya pakusarudza mhando yemaminerari. Makara akasiyana anoshandiswa mune mineralogy kuona izvi zvicherwa.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kutariswa kuti pane dzakawanda nguva nzvimbo dzezvicherwa dzinochinjwa nekuvapo kwezvimwe zvakasviba uye hazviratidze iyo yekutanga vara.
Raya
Mutsara uyu musiyano unoverengerwa sekunge waive iwo ruvara rwemutsara. Icho chinoreva kune iro vara rinotorwa zvicherwa kana zvapwanywa. Kutsunga kweiyo streak kunoitwa nekukwasva pamwe neicherwa pane isina kuvhenekerwa vitrified porcelain ndiro. Kana izvi zvaitwa, ruvara rwemutsara runoonekwa. Mitsetse ine ruvara rwakatsanangurwa uye yakasimba ichave yakafanana nesimbi zvicherwa zvakaita sesulifide.
Kune rimwe divi, asiri-esimbi zvicherwa zvakadai sesilicates kana carbonates anogara aine chena kana yakajeka.
Kupenya
Kubwinya ndiko kuoneka kwechiso chemaminerari kana mwenje ukawira pairi. Kubwinya uku kunogona kuva kwesimbi, sub-metallic uye isiri-simbi. Iko kubwinya kwesimbi kunowanzoitika mumaminerari ayo ari opaque uye ane index yekuratidzira isingasviki 3. Semuenzaniso isu tine pyrite, galena, goridhe kana sirivheri. Kune rimwe divi, isu tine iyo isiri-yesimbi kubwinya uko kunowanzo fanika kwemaminerari akajeka ane refractive index yakaderera pane 2.6.
Pano tinogona kuona mhando dzakasiyana dzekupenya: diamond kubwinya, vitreous, nebwe kubwinya, namafuta kubwinya, pearlescent kubwinya, silky, etc.
Chaicho uremu
Giravhiti yakatarwa inogona kuyerwa zvakare sehuremu hwemaminerari uye ndiko hukama pakati pehuremu uye huremu hwehoriyamu yakaenzana nemadhigirii emvura. Kuti tinzwisise izvi tiri kuzopa muenzaniso. Kana chinwiwa chakakweva kukweva kwakaenzana chakaenzana ne4 tinogona kuti sampuro yakapihwa yezvicherwa zvinorema zvakapetwa izvo huremu hwakaenzana hwemvura hungayera.
Iyi chaiyo huremu inotsanangurwa nekuumbwa uye inogara iripo. Naizvozvo, inova musiyano unobatsira pakuzivikanwa. Ngatirege kukanganwa kuti kune mineralogy mukuzivikanwa kwevhodhi, kumisikidzwa kweiyo chaiyo kukomba kwemaminerari hakuna kuitwa, asi zvinokwanisika kuita fungidziro yehukama hwayo.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve mineralogy.