La Central Plateau Ndiyo yekare yekuyamura unit muIberian Peninsula, inogara yakawanda yenzvimbo yayo, inenge 400.000 square kilometers. Iapuro hombe rine avhareji yekukwirira kwe600 m. Iyo ine kondinendi yeMediterranean mamiriro ekunze. Iyo yepakati sisitimu inoipatsanura kuita North Asian Plateau uye South Asian Plateau. Bani rinotsetsereka zvishoma rakananga kuAtlantic Ocean, rine mutsetse we0,5%, uye rakanamirwa kune bhandi remakomo rakabuda panguva yealpine orogeny pakati peCenozoic Oligocene neMiocene, ichisimbisa continental yaro.
Muchinyorwa chino tichakutaurira nezvese maitiro, geology, mamiriro ekunze uye kukosha kwepakati penzvimbo.
Kutanga
Munguva yePrecambrian nguva, yaive chikamu cheAmorica Craton, yakapatsanurwa kubva kuGondwana uye nechekumaodzanyemba. Yakabva kuHesperia block yakaonekwa muPaleozoic Hercynian orogeny. Iyo massif yakakuvadzwa nekukukurwa muMesozoic uye gare gare yakashandurwa muCenozoic neAlpine orogeny uye mhedzisiro yekukukurwa kweQuaternary, sedimentation uye ice.
Munguva yeTertiary, iyo Alpine orogeny yakabata yekare Hesperian massif, ichigadzirisa miganhu yayo, ichipa kutaridzika kweGalician-Leonese massif, makomo eLeonese neBasque, uye kupeta kwemahombekombe ayo, akadai seCantabrian Mountains, North, Iberia, Northeast , Sierra Morena Bend Fault, Maodzanyemba. Iyi orogeny yakaita kuti ndiro yeAfrica irove neEurope plate, ichimanikidza Hesperian Massif uye kuparadza nheyo dzeSierra de Toledo neCentral System.
Pamusoro pezvo, masara emurwi akazendamira akananga kumadokero uye akazoitwa depositional maitiro aive akawandisa kuchamhembe-sub-plateau uye yekumabvazuva sub-plateau kumaodzanyemba, ine nzizi dzinobva muIberian system. Iyo depositional process yakakura kudivi rayo rekumabvazuva, nepo iyo yakaoma, yekristaro yevabereki zvinhu zveHesperia Massif ichinyanya kuoneka padivi rekumadokero.
Bani, iro rinoumba chikamu cheClay Spain, hafu yekumabvazuva kweNorth Asian Plateau, uye nechekumabvazuva kwezvitatu zveSouth Asian Plateau, inopindirana nenzvimbo dzepamusoro dzenzizi dzeTagus neGuadiana. Kune rimwe divi, chikamu cheSpanish Silicous, Central System uye yakawanda yekumadokero chikamu cheSouth Asia Plateau.
Hunhu hweCentral Plateau
The Central Plateau inzvimbo yakakura mukati meIberian Peninsula, yakakomberedzwa nemakomo anogadzirisa zvakajeka iyi geographical unit uye inoiparadzanisa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo. Makomo anoganhurana nePlateau munzira yakatarisana newachi ndeaya: Galicia-León, Cantabrian, Basque, Iberian System, Betic System uye Sierra Morena. Kune mamwe makomo mukati mePlateau pachayo: inonyanya kukosha ndiyo yepakati sisitimu, iyo inokamura Plateau kuita hafu mbiri: iyo South Asia Plateau uye North Asian Plateau. Montes de Toledo zvakare inokamura Meseta Sur kuita hafu mbiri: iyo Valle del Tajo uye Valle del Guadiana. Kunze kweaya makomo maviri, kunongova nezvikomo zviduku zvikuru kana zvikomo mukati meMeseta, kunyange zvazvo kazhinji kazhinji ibani guru.
Nzvimbo yakati sandara inotenuka zvishoma kumadokero, zvinoreva kuti nzira dzemvura dzinopfuura napo dzinoyerera zvikuru dzichipinda muAtlantic Ocean. Nzizi huru dzinoyambuka Plateau ndeidzi: Duero, Tajo neGuadiana, uye nzizi dzadzo dzakawanda. Kudivi reMedithera, panofanira kutaurwa nezveJúcar neSegura pabani reSouth Asia.
Mamiriro ekunze eCentral Plateau
Kukwirira kunoshamisa kweMeseta ndicho chikonzero chekuvapo kwemamiriro ekunze ese eMedithera. Zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha munyaya iyi ndezvi: kutonhora kwakanyanya, zhizha rinopisa, kusanaya kwemvura muchirimo, kunaya kwemvura kusingachinji, kuchinjika kwakanyanya kwetembiricha, uye kusanaya kwemvura kukuru. Aya maficha ndiwo mhedzisiro yehukama pakati pehuwandu hwenzvimbo uye zvimwe zvinhu zvine simba, senge latitude, nzvimbo yedunhu mukati meIberian Peninsula, dhizaini yenzvimbo, uye kukwirira.
Nekuda kwemakondinendi pesvedzero, tembiricha yakanyanyisa, uye thermal amplitude yegore (musiyano pakati peavhareji tembiricha yemwedzi inotonhora zvakanyanya uye inodziya) yakanyanya kwazvo, kazhinji iri pakati pe18 ne20 °C. Muna Chikunguru, avhareji yetembiricha yepamwedzi munharaunda zhinji inodarika 24°C.
Nekudaro, nguva yechando inotonhora, avhareji tembiricha muna Ndira mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakatodzika kupfuura 2 ℃, uye kune kazhinji kutonhora muchando, kunyangwe mukutanga kwechirimo uye mukupera kwematsutso. Pasina kupokana, nzvimbo yekuchamhembe uye purovhinzi yeGuadalajara inzvimbo dzinotonhora zvakanyanya muSpain. Tembiricha shoma yechando inowanzosvika kune zvakaipa, kusvika -21 ° C. 7
Kunyangwe kunaya kwemvura kuchisiyana nenzvimbo, pakati pe300 ne600 mm munguva zhinji yegore, inowanzoitika muchirimo uye matsutso, uye isingawanzoitiki muzhizha (inenge nguva dzose nenzira yemadutu). Nezvikonzero izvi zvese, mazhinji eMeseta anogona kuverengerwa mune inonzi "Dry Spain".
Relieve
Nzizi ndidzo dzakanyanya kugadzira nekuti dzakacheka zvakanyanya nzvimbo idzi, dzichibva mumipata. Zvikomo zvezvapupu (zvinodaidzwawo kuti mapfundo, motes kana alcores) ane conical kana frustoconical profiles anobuda semhedzisiro yemaitiro ekukukurwa anobata pane ino nhevedzano yeakachinjika maumbirwo uye, pakupedzisira, semhedzisiro yekusaenzana kweanatomical, semhedzisiro yekuora. zve takamira.
Kunyange zvazvo zvikomo izvi zvakatenderedzwa zvichiwanzovharwa nematombo eraimu eparamo anodzivirira ma<em>marls epasi, dzimwe nguva maumbirwo e<em>calcareous akabviswa kuitira kuti matombo eraimu nematombo mashomanana chete arambe ari muzvikamu zvawo zvepamusoro. Limestone dissolution process inogadzira zvisinganyunguriki zvisaririra. Nekuda kweizvozvo, decalcified ivhu dhipoziti inoumbwa (kusanganisira limestone mabhuroki uye angular matombo), terra rossa, iyo inoumba iyo yakajairwa lining yecalcareous maumbirwo.
Kumabvazuva, maumbirwo anoumbwa nevhu rakaoma, uye conglomerate uye limestone deposits haana kunyanya kukora. Kukukurwa kwakadzika mukati mechimiro ichi, ichigadzira calcareous kana conglomerate mapuratifomu anobuda munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, irerudzo yezvikomo zvakaparadzana, mapuratifomu ezvimiro, mavhiri ari panzvimbo yakati sandara, muchidimbu, imhando inopfuura yemusango yekuyamura. Kubatana kwekuzorodzwa kwemupendero webheseni nerenje ndiko kuora mwoyo kwezvinyoro zvinyoro zvinyoro zvakaputika mapani, akaumbwa kubva muvhu izvo zviri nyore kubvisa.
Kuchamhembe, ivhu reMiocene rakafukidzwa nematombo akajeka kubva kuCordillera Cantábrica. Gumbeze rehurungudo, hurungudo nejecha rakakora mamita mana rinodzivirirawo zvinhu zvisina kusimba pazasi. Nzizi dzeMakomo eCantabrian uye iyo yepakati system yakadzika zvakadzika mumatope, ichiita mipata yakafara, iyo iyo junction neRanaguet inomira. Aya akadzika uye akakwirira mareliti (900-1000 m) anonzi rañas paramos uye anogara achiwanzoitika muSierra de Toledo.. Ikoko paramo de rañas yakanyangarika, zvikomo zvezvikomo, zvikomo nezvikomo zvakaumbwa, micheto yemipata yakanga yakadzikama, ine kumhara, mipata uye mipata.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezveCentral Plateau uye maitiro ayo