Munyika yesainzi kune vanhu vazhinji vakaongorora zvipo zvinofadza zvikuru zvakaita kuti nyika ino ifambire mberi. Nhasi tichataura nezvazvo Henry cavendish, muBritish fizikisi uye kemisiti uyo aive wekutanga kusiyanisa kuvepo kwekabhoni dhayokisaidhi uye hydrogen mumhepo. Akagadzwa kuve Mumwe weRoyal Society muna 1760 uye akadzidza kuCambridge University.
Muchikamu chino isu tichaenda kukuudza iwe hwese hwunyanzvi uye zvakaitwa naHenry Cavendish.
Henry Cavendish Biography
Uyu musayendisiti akazivikanwa nekutsikisa basa rinozivikanwa nezita rekuti Maedzo pamhepo. Mune basa iri, akataura kuti mweya waive nemusanganiswa weoksijeni uye nitrogen pachiyero che1: 4. Yakaisawo humbowo hwekuti mvura yaisave chinhu asi mukomboni. Kusvika panguva iyoyo, zvaifungidzirwa kuti mvura chinhu chimwe chete chakaumbwa chete nemvura. Kunyange zvakadaro, aive Cavendish uyo akataura kuti mvura yakaumbwa nehydrogen uye oxygen. Akakwanisa kuratidza izvi kuburikidza nekumwe kuyedza kwake kwaakakwanisa kugadzira nitric acid nemvura.
Mabasa ake ainyanya kuzivikanwa mundima yemagetsi nekuunza pfungwa yekugona, kuyera kugona uye kugona kutarisira mutemo waOmm. Aive mumwe wemasayendisiti ekutanga kugona kuona kuwanda uye hure hwepasi redu kuburikidza nehuremu hweshure.
Iye chete akataurwa naIsaac Asimov nezvaHenry Cavendish aive anotevera: «Aive shasha uye ane hunyanzvi hungwaru akararama akafira ari ega. Asi akaita zvimwe zvekuedza kunonakidza kwazvo munhoroondo yesainzi. ' Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mutsara waAsimov unoita kuti iwe uzive zvakawanda nezve hupenyu hweCavendish. Aive eccentric ari uyo akashandisa hupenyu hwake hwese akazvipira zvakaringana kutsvagisa sainzi. Uye zvinoita sekunge dzidziso yake yezvinhu zvese yaive yekuti yaive yakaumbwa nezvakawanda zvinhu zvinogona kuyerwa, kuverengerwa uye kutengeswa. Panguva iyoyo ndakanga ndatova nemafungiro akati wandei nezve nyika yesainzi mune zvese.
Kuyera uye mabasa
Cavendish aive nekutenda kukuru kwezviyero sezvo aida kugara aine data chairo. Akaedza kufungidzira ese masvomhu kune chaiko kukosha kuziva zvakadzama hunhu hwezvinhu. Sezvo yainge isina ammeter uye isina kana chinhu chaigona kuipa huwandu hwemagetsi aifamba kuburikidza newaya, yaishandiswawo zvine hungwaru asi ichigadzira matafura akanyatsotsanangurwa. Ndokureva, Cavendish akagashira zvinotyisa uye ivo vanozoita maoko mumuviri wake panguva yekuyedza kuziva uye kucherechedza kuti imasimbai aive mumatare.
Basa rekutanga remusayendisiti uyu rakabata nezve arsenic. Masayendisiti ese akaziva Cavendish vanoti kuda kwake sainzi kwaive kwakachena chose. Haana kumbonetseka kuti zvaakawana zvakaburitswa rimwe here, kunyangwe zvakapihwa kana kwete, kana chero chinhu kunze kwekugutsa zvido zvake. Aya ndiwo maitiro aunonyatso kudzidza uye kufambira mberi mukuferefeta. Nekuda kweichi chakachena rudo rwesainzi, mazhinji ebudiriro ake haana kuzivikanwa kwemakore uye akawanikwa makore akati wandei mushure mekufa kwake. Nekudaro, pamberi pezviitwa zvake zvisati zvazivikanwa, iniSaac Asimov akaudza vese vaaishanda navo kuRoyal Society nezvezvakaitwa nemusayendisiti uyu.
Muna 1766 aibata basa rekutaurirana zviwanikwa zvekutanga zvakaita sebasa raakange aita nemweya unopfuta uyo wakawanikwa kubva mukuita kwesimbi neasidhi. Iyi gasi yakambowanikwa naBoyle naHales, asi aive Cavendish akapihwa basa kuti ave wekutanga kudzidza zvivakwa zvacho. Yakanga yatove makore makumi maviri gare gare apo Lavoisier akadana iyi gasi hydrogen.
Henry ndiye musayendisiti wekutanga kuona kuti imwe vhoriyamu yemagasi akasiyana aifanira kuyerwa kuti aone kuwanda kwawo. Aya ndiwo mawaniro aakaita izvozvo hydrogen yaive gasi rakareruka iro raingova 1/14 kuwanda kwemhepo. Kuve akareruka uye anopisa, akatenda kuti akange asarudzika iyo phlogiston.
Henry Cavendish kuyedza
Inofanira kutarisirwa mupfungwa kuti, mumazuva iwayo, zvaive zvakanyanya mufashoni kuita kuyedza kwakasiyana nemhepo. Izvi zvakakonzera kuti mugore ra1785 rakaita kuti magetsi emoto ayambuke nemhepo uye ichaita musanganiswa pakati nitrogen neoksijeni yekunyungudusa oxide yakaonekwa mumvura. Kutenda kuyedzo iyi, iye akakwanisa kuwana kuumbwa kwenitric acid. Akawedzera imwe nitrogen nechinangwa chekukwanisa kudya oxygen yese yaivepo kamwechete. Akakwanisa kuongorora kuti izvi zvaisaita. Uye ndizvo nguva dzose Chikamu chidiki chegesi chakaramba chisina kusanganiswa, chero chaaiita.
Ipapo akakwanisa kuona kuti mweya waive uine huwandu hushoma hwemweya waifanirwa kunge uchipinda uye uchidzivirira kuitira kuti usazopindirana nemamwe magasi ese. Akawana zvakare gasi ratinoziva nhasi se argon. Nhasi tinoziva kuti mhepo ine 1% argon inova inert gasi uye isingabate chero chinhu. Tinoziva kuti igasi rakanaka. Uku kuedza kweCavendish kwakange kusingateedzwe kwemazana zana kusvikira Ramsay akwanisa kuitevera nhanho nhanho nekuidzokorora zvakare.
Kuedza kwakanyanya kunoshamisa kwaCavendish kunosanganisira denderedzwa rakakura raakashandisa kuita izvo zvinozivikanwa sekuyedza kweCavendish. Nechiedzo ichi akakwanisa kuziva kuti kuwanda kwePasi kwaive chii uye, sezvo huwandu hwepasi hwaizivikanwa, chaakaita "kuyera" Nyika.
Aive nemabhuku mazhinji kwazvo munhoroondo yake uye akawedzera nhanho paakabatana neRoyal Society pamwe nemamwe masayendisiti aive achitsigira zvaakaedza. Sezvauri kuona, uyu musayendisiti aive nerudo rwakachena nesainzi uye kwaingova kuda kwake kwakamutungamira kuti aenderere mberi nekutsvaga nekutsvaga zvinhu zvitsva.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvaHenry Cavendish uye zvese zvaakashandisa.