La Makomo eCantabrian Iyo inzvimbo ine makomo iri kuchamhembe kweIberian Peninsula, yakaenzana neGungwa reCantabrian. Iri muSpain, inosvika makiromita 480 kureba uye makiromita zana yakafara ine zvikamu zvinokora kusvika makiromita 100 uye zvisingapfuuri makiromita 120 mune dzimwe. Ndiwo makomo ari kumadokero kweEurope. Iine maitiro uye curiosities inoita kuti ive yakasiyana.
Nokudaro, munyaya ino tichakuudza nezvekwakabva, maitiro uye kukosha kweCantabrian Mountains.
Mhando huru
Inotanga muGalaico-Leonés massif, inoyambuka Picos de Europa uye inosvika kuBasque Depression. Nezvemamiriro ekunze, zvisinei, mhute yeAsturian-Leonese kumadokero kwemakomo uye makomo madiki anotambanuka kubva kumusoro kweEurope kusvika mujinga memakomo anonzi chikamu chePyrenees. Iyi inzvimbo inopeta Vane simba kudarika Asturian central massif, uye mapete anotsvedzerera sezvaunoenda kumabvazuva, nokuti kupinza mukati meAlpine orogeny kwakabva kumabvazuva. Ndiko kuti, iyi makomo ekare akasikwa kubva kumadokero kusvika kumabvazuva.
Nechikonzero ichi, Makomo eCantabrian eGalicia uye makomo eAsturias neLeón kumadokero anowana chimiro chedenderedzwa uye, sezvatinoenda kumabvazuva, nhongonya dzinowana humwe hunhu hwealpine. Kukukurwa kwedivi rekumadokero kwakaitika pamusoro pemamiriyoni emakore zvichienzaniswa nedivi rekumabvazuva, ichiri kugadzirwa neseafloor sediments iripo pakati peIberian neEuropean plates.
Mutsara wemakomo uyu unopa misiyano yenzvimbo. Nepo kumaodzanyemba kwaro nemateru kune kashoma kusaenzana uye kukoromoka kushoma, kumateru ekumaodzanyemba kwacho kunonyanya kutaurwa nekuda kwekuva pedyo negungwa, izvo zvinoreva kuti rwizi rune chimiro chekukurumidza chine simba rakasimba rekukukurisa, uye pamateru. pamawere. Inochengetedza materu akaiswa mumipata yakaita V. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvimiro izvi zviri nyore kukurwa nechokuchamhembe pane kumaodzanyemba. Munzvimbo dzakakombama dzeAsturias, Cantabria, León nePalencia, nhongonya dzayo dzinopfuura 2.000 metres pamusoro pegungwa.
Mamiriro ekunze eCantabrian Mountains
Mhepo dziripo kubva munyanza dzinobonderana nemakomo, dzichikwira nekudzika nekuda kwekutonhora. Makomo ekumaodzanyemba kweCantabrian slope ane mvura zhinji inonaya inosvika 2.000 mm pagore nekuda kwechivhariso mhedzisiro; muPeaks kune nzvimbo dzinosvika 2.500 mm, iyo inenge yatooma kana mhepo ichidzika kumateru ekumaodzanyemba, zvichiita kuti mamiriro okunze aite kuoma.
Mhepo iyi yakadzoserwa kumashure uye yakakwidziridzwa nemhepo dzekumaodzanyemba-kumadokero, dzakapinda pakati nekuchamhembe kwePortugal, dzichiunza mvura zhinji kumaodzanyemba-kumavirira kwemakomo uye tembiricha inodziya zvisingaite pamhenderekedzo yeCantabrian. Kumateru ezasi. dzakaoma munguva yechando, uye tembiricha yakaderera ye -20 °C haina kujairika mumakomo.
Kwakabva Makomo eCantabrian
Chimiro chayo chekupedzisira chakaitika zvakanyanya panguva yeAlpine orogeny, yakarongedzwa pane paleozoic uye mesozoic sedimentary zvinhu. Zvishandiso izvi, zvisinei nekuoma kwazvo, zvakapetwa zvakanyanya, zvichigadzira jasi rakakura rekukanda. Zvishandiso izvi chaizvoizvo sedimentary, zvakapindirana nemaclast uye carbonates mumakomo ose, ane clastic zvinhu kunyanya kumadokero uye mamwe carbonates anoonekwa kumabvazuva, kunyanya munharaunda yePicos de Europa.
Naizvozvo, makomo ari kumadokero “akakura” kupfuura ayo ari kumabvazuva. Nzvimbo yemakomo yakazara neakakura echando uye karst zvimiro zvekare.
Flora
Makomo eCantabrian anotongwa nemasango ane miti yakati sandara, inogadzirwa kunyanya nemiti yebeech mumumvuri nemiouki munzvimbo dzine zuva. Tinofanira kusiyanisa pakati pemiouki, iyo yakafanana nevhu rakadzika uye rakanyorova uye haiwanzokwira zvakanyanya, saka inowanikwa zvakanyanya kumateru ekuchamhembe, uye Q. petraea, iyo isinganyanyi kudiwa paivhu, pakakwirira. , uye inofarira kupinza mhepo kwevhu zvakanyanya; Q. pyrenaica, yagara iripo mune mamwe mamiriro ekunze ekondinendi uye inoshivirira zviri nani kusanaya kwemvura, uye nhamba isingaverengeki yemichinjikwa pakati pawo.
Sango reCantabrian rakasanganiswa musanganiswa wemhando dzakasiyana dzemiti, kazhinji muoki, madota, mepu, birch, lime, chestnut uye. nhamba huru yemakwenzi akareba akadai sehazel, hawthorn, dogwood kana laurel. Yakazara nemizambiringa uye epiphytes, shrubs nemishonga. Pauriri hwepasi pane maCantabrian holm oak emhando dzeQuercus ilex nePyrenean.
Izvo zvakakoshawo kucherechedza kuti echisikigo coniferous masango anenge asipo zvachose munzvimbo dzemontane uye subalpine nekuda kwekunyorova kwevhu. Palencia neLeón vane masango madiki eScots pine, anoonekwa seautochthonous. Kuchamhembe kune mamwe Pinus radiata, isiri yerudzi rwemiti. Masango ejuniper anorarama mumakomo eraimu, kuratidzwa kwekumaodzanyemba, uye munzvimbo dzinotonhorera, dzakaoma. Isu tinowanawo yew mune limestone, dzimwe nguva pakakwirira. Altitude pamusoro pe1800 masl. Zvinomera zvakanyanya birch, zvinokambaira zvinomera uye zvinomera zvinomera, kunyanya masango ane herbaceous anonyanya kukosha kune zvipfuyo.
Mhuka dzeCantabrian Mountains
Pakati pemhando dzemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogara munzvimbo iyi, bere reCantabrian brown rakatanhamara, riine mienzaniso inodarika mazana matatu. Izvi zvinonyanya kushamisa nekuti nhamba dzazvino uno dzinopembedza kudzoreredzwa kwezvipenyu munzvimbo iyi zvichipihwa kuderera kunotyisa kwevanhu kwakaitika makumi emakore apfuura.
Tinowana mhuka dzakaita seantelope yePyrenees, nondo, mhembwe, nguruve yemusango, Iberian wolf, otter, mink, mbira, crested porcupine, Iberian desman, capercaillie uye griffon vulture. Iyo ibex yakadzoserwa muMakomo eCantabrian kubva kunhapwa nuclei muRiaño, ine nuclei akati wandei aripo muLos Ancares National Hunting Reserve (Lugo) uye Montaña de Riaño uye Mampodre Castilla y León muSierra de Ancares uye muAsturias neLiébana vanoona vakapararira. vanhu. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti munguva yepakati ichaita zvakare makomo ose. Gomo repamusoro-soro murudzi urwu ndiTorre Cerredo, iyo Pinnacle yeEurope, pamamita 2650 pamusoro pegungwa, uye bako rakadzika kwazvo ndiro Trave cave system, yechipiri yakakura canyon muSpain.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezveMakomo eCantabrian uye maitiro ayo.