Magadheni eBotanical ave uye anoramba achiita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza mhando dzezvirimwa uye kukwezva kushanya. Kutenda kumagadheni ebhotani, zvave zvichibvira kuwedzera ruzivo kune huwandu hwevanhu pamusoro pemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emiti iripo. Vanhu vazhinji vanoshamisika kuti chii mabasa e botanical gardens.
Nokudaro, munyaya ino tichakuudza kuti ndeapi mabasa emabindu ebhotani uye kuti akakosha sei.
Chii chinonzi botanical gadheni?
Bindu reBotanical inzvimbo yakatsaurirwa kurima, kudzidza nekuchengetedza mbesa dzakasiyana siyana, nechinangwa chikuru chekusimudzira tsvakiridzo yesainzi, dzidzo uye kuchengetedzwa kwemhando dzebhotani. Idzi nzvimbo dzinowanzogadzira miunganidzwa yezvirimwa kubva kumativi akasiyana epasi, zvakarongwa uye zvakarongwa zvine hungwaru kufambisa kudzidza kwavo nekunzwisisa.
Pakati payo, gadheni re botanical rakakura kupfuura nzvimbo yakasvibira. Ihwo hutiziro hwemaruva ezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvichibvumira vashanyi kuti vanyure munyika yerunako rwechisikigo uye ruzivo. Aya magadheni anowanzo ratidza zvinomera zvinodarika zvekushongedza, kusanganisira zvipenyu zvinogarapo, zviri munjodzi yekutsakatika kana kufarira kwesainzi.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvebindu rebhotani ibasa rayo rekudzidzisa. Idzi nzvimbo dzinogadzira zvirongwa zvedzidzo, kushanya kunotungamirwa uye zviitiko zvine chinangwa chekusimudzira ruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza uye kunzwisisa kwekukosha kwekuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Pamusoro pezvo, ivo vanopa nharaunda yakanaka yekutsvagisa botanical, inobvumira Masayendisiti uye botanists vanodzidza maitiro, ecology uye kudyidzana kwezvirimwa zvakasiyana pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu.
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, minda botanicals yakakosha pakuchengetedza mhuka dziri munjodzi. Kuburikidza nekuberekesa, kutsvagisa uye zvirongwa zvekutangazve, vanoshingairira kuchengetedzwa kwemajini akasiyana uye kurarama kwenguva refu kwezvirimwa zvinotyisidzirwa.
Apo botanical gardens inobuda
Nhoroondo yakabatana yemagadheni ebhotani, botany uye mushonga irondedzero yakaoma. Kunyange zvazvo minda yekuvaraidza yave iripo kubva kare, yakanga iri "minda yakapfava" yakaratidza kutanga kwekutsvaga mune zvesayenzi botanical exploration. Aya mapindu, aiwanzobatanidzwa nokurimwa kwemiti yemishonga, akanga akabatana zvikuru netemberi dzakatsaurirwa kuna Asclepius, mwari wechiGiriki wemishonga. MuRoma yekare, mabasa akasiyana-siyana ekushandiswa kwemishonga yemishonga akabuda, pakati pavo nyanzvi dzekuzora, vatengesi vemishonga uye vagadziri vemishonga.
Munguva yeMiddle Ages muEurope, vese vanachiremba vemumaguta nemamongi mudzimba dzemamongi vakatanga kurima mapindu avo ega, zvichipa mazwi echiLatin akadai sehortus sanitus, hortus medicus, herbularius, erbarium botanicum uye hortus botanicus, ese aireva izvi. gardens.
Vanachiremba vekare nemamongi vaida nzvimbo chaidzo dzokurimwa kwemiti yaizoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemishonga nemishonga. Hernán Cortés, munyaya dzake dzekuMesoamerica, anotaura kuti vanokudzwa nevanhu vane simba venharaunda yeMexico vakanga vasarudza nzvimbo dzakatsaurirwa kurima mhando dzakasiyana dzemaruva, dzakafanana nemapindu anowanikwa mukati memuzinda weMoctezuma.
Munguva yeRenaissance, pfungwa yemagadheni yakave nekushandurwa, kubva munzvimbo dzakazvininipisa kuenda kumasangano anozivikanwa zviri pamutemo. Aya magadheni, ayo anowanzo kuwanikwa mukati memayunivhesiti uye anoshandiswa kune zvinangwa zvekudzidzisa, Vakawedzera pfungwa yavo zvishoma nezvishoma kuti ibatanidze mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvirimwa, kunyangwe izvo zvisina mishonga.. Shanduko iyi yakatungamirira kukuvandudzwa kwemabindu echokwadi ebhotani, neItaly, Spain neFrance zvakapayona musangano uyu muzana remakore rechi16. Aya mabindu ekutanga ebhotani akashanda seanotangira kune avo vatinoona nhasi.
Nhasi, mayunivhesiti mazhinji anochengetedza magadheni avo ebhotani, ayo anoshanda senzvimbo dzekuongorora uye tsvakiridzo yemhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe mayunivhesiti ane magadheni emabhodhoro akagadzirirwa chaizvo kuongorora mamorekuru akaomarara uye kuitwa kwetsvakiridzo yemajini.
Ndeapi mabasa anozadzikiswa neminda yebhotani?
Kuchengetedza Miti
Chinangwa chikuru chebindu rebotanical kuunganidza nekuchengetedza mbesa dzakasiyana siyana, ingave yekuzvarwa kana yekunze, uye. chengetedza mhuka dziri munjodzi yekutsakatika. Kuchengetedzwa uye kudzivirirwa kwemarudzi ari mungozi kana kuti ari mungozi yokutsakatika ndicho chimwe chezvinangwa zvikuru, sezvo zvichiita basa rinokosha mukurerutsa kuberekana kwemarudzi matsva.
Botanical research
Mabasa akasiyana-siyana esainzi anoitwa mubindu rebotanical, senge kudzidza kwebotany inozivikanwa seTaxonomy uye kuongororwa kwemhando dzemhando dzakasiyana. Vanojairana nemhoteredzo dzinopfuura kwadzinogara.
Iyo data yakaunganidzwa uye tsvakiridzo yakaitwa pamhando ichangowanikwa inopa zvakakosha mashandisirwo muminda yekurima, indasitiri uye tsvakiridzo yekurapa. Parizvino, mamwe magadheni ebotanical anonangidzira kuedza kwavo kutsvagisa pamunda weecology, kunyanya kuongorora kubatana kwakaomesesa pakati pezvirimwa nemarudzi evanhu.
Kuparadzanisa
Basa rekudzidzisa rebindu rebhotani harifanirwe kuregererwa. Aya magadheni anopa muunganidzwa wakakosha wemiti yakanyorwa iyo inobatsira mukudzidza kwesystematization, iyo inosanganisira kupatsanurwa uye kupihwa mazita emiti mune yakatarwa. Zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa mukati mebhotanical gardens zvinosanganisira zvakasiyana siyana zvezviitiko, kubva kubva pakuratidza zvirimwa zvinokura munzvimbo dzakasiyana kusvika pakupa mazano anoshanda kune mumwe nemumwe wevarimi. Mukuwedzera, minda yakawanda yebhotani ine zvitoro zvavo apo vashanyi vanogona kutenga maruva, miriwo nemichero yakakodzera kudyara.
Nzvimbo dzekuzorora
Parizvino, botanical gardens vari kutora chikamu che kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kuparadzira nhaka yechisikigo sechikamu chechinangwa chayo chekudzidzisa nekusimudzira ruzivo nezvenyaya yakakosha iyi. Munda wezvidzidzo zvechisikigo unopa huwandu hukuru hwemabasa ekupedzisa. Pasina kushandisa nzira yekudzidzisa inosimudzira ruzivo rweveruzhinji nezvekukosha kwekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza zvisikwa, tsvagiridzo yese uye zvidzidzo zvaitwa kusvika parizvino hazvibatsiri.
Turismo
Kushanya kweGreen, kunozivikanwawo seecotourism, kwave kuwedzera kukwezva kumagadheni ebhodhoro anoisa pamberi pekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza. Masangano aya, ayo kurudzira kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye tsika dzenhaka, zvakamutsa kufarira kukuru kubva kune ecotourism chikamu. Vanhu vazhinji vanoenda kumaguta uye vanoshanyira magadheni avo eBotanical.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve basa re botanical gardens uye maitiro avo.