Chinhu chekutanga iwe chaunofanirwa kuziva ndechekuti biomass hachisi chinhu chinopfuura organic chinhu chemuti kana mhuka yakabva, tsvina yemarara uye marara zvinosanganisirwa pano, zvinova ine mhosva yekushandiswa kugadzira simba.
Icho chikonzero chakakonzerwa nenyaya yekuti zvirimwa zvinoshandura simba rinobwinya reZuva kuita simba remakemikari kuburikidza ne photosynthesis uye chikamu chesimba iri chakachengetwa muchimiro chezvinhu zvakasikwa, izvo zvatinogona kutora mukana nazvo.
Parizvino, tsananguro inotevera yebiomass inogamuchirwa:
"Biomass inoonekwa seboka rezvinhu zvinogadziriswazve zvesimba uye mbishi zvigadzirwa zvinotangira kubva kuhunhu hwakaumbwa nenzira dzehupenyu".
Ndicho chikonzero ichi kuti pfungwa yemafuta uye zvisikwa zvakagadzirwa kubva kwavari, senge mapurasitiki uye zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa, hazvisi munzvimbo mune tsananguro yebiomass.
Kunyangwe aya mafuta nemafuta akagadzirwa aine manyuko ehupenyu, kuumbwa kwawo kwakaitika munguva dzakapfuura.
Biomass saka isimba rinowedzerwazve kubva kuzuva rinotangira kuburikidza nefotosinthesisi yezvirimwa.
Uyezve, maererano Directive 2003/30 / EC biomass ndeye:
"Biodegradable fraction yezvinhu zvakasara uye zvisaririra kubva mune zvekurima, masango uye maindasitiri anoenderana, pamwe nechikamu chinogadzirwa nemafuta emagetsi nemaindasitiri."
Kubva pane zvatinoona ndezvekuti kazhinji, chero dudziro yebiomass inosanganisira mazwi maviri kunyanya; zvinogona kudzoreredzwa uye zvakasikwa.
Biomass sosi yesimba
Kubva panguva dzekare, munhu akashandisa biomass sosi yesimba kuti aite mabasa ake ezuva nezuva.
Sezvo kushandiswa kwemafuta emafuta kwakatanga kubata, biomass yakanganikwa pane imwe ndege yepasi, uko mupiro wayo mukugadzirwa kwekutanga kwesimba kwaive kushoma.
Nhasi, nekuda kwezvakasiyana zvinhu, biomass yakave nekudzokazve senge simba sosi.
Izvo zvinhu zvave zvichikonzera kumutsidzira biomass sosi yesimba ndeiyi:
- Kukwira kwemutengo kwemafuta.
- Kuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwekurima.
- Inoda kutsvaga kumwe kushandiswa kune kurima kugadzirwa.
- Shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
- Mikana yekushandisa yesainzi uye yehunyanzvi ruzivo kukwidziridza simba rekugadzira maitiro.
- Yakanakira hupfumi hwesimba yekusimudzira zvirimwa zvinoshandisa biomass semafuta, nekuda kwerubatsiro rwekugadzira rwunogamuchirwa nemagetsi anogadzira magetsi neichi sosi.
- Kudzora kuomarara kukudziridza mamwe marudzi emapurojekiti, ichisiya biomass seimwe nzira inonzwisisika kuita kuti kudyara kwehupfumi kubatsire.
Mhando dzebiomass
Iyo biomass inoshandiswa kugadzirwa kwesimba inowanikwa kubva kune zvakasara zvekushandiswa kwemasango, kubva kumaindasitiri ekutanga uye echipiri shanduko yehuni, kubva kuchikamu chemugungwa chemarara akasimba emadhorobha, kubva kumarara kubva kumabasa ezvipfuyo, kubva kuzvirimwa uye zvigadzirwa zvemasango, zvirimwa zvine simba. , izvo zvakagadzirirwa chete kushandisa kwavo kuwana biomass.
Kazhinji, biomass inowanikwa kubva kune chero chigadzirwa chigadzirwa chinokanganisa kushandiswa kwesimba, kunyangwe aya ari iwo makuru.
Natural biomass
Natural biomass ndiyo inogadzirwa mukati zvisikwa zvakasikwa. Kushandiswa kwakasimba kwesimba iri hakuenderane nekudzivirirwa kwenzvimbo, kunyangwe iri imwe yemasimba makuru esimba munyika dzisina kusimukira.
Iyi biomass yakasikwa inogadzirwa pasina kupindira kwevanhu kuti vachinje kana kuwedzera.
Izvo zvine chekuita nezve zvisaririra zvesango:
- Mhedzisiro yekuchenesa masango neminda inosara
- Huni nematavi
- Conifers
- Shizha
Residual biomass
Iyo yakasara biomass ndiyo chii inogadzirwa mumabasa evanhu iyo inoshandisa organic chinhu. Kubviswa kwaro muzviitiko zvakawanda idambudziko. Rudzi urwu rwebiomass rwakabatana zvakanakira mukushandisa kwayo:
- Inoderedza kusvibiswa uye njodzi dzemoto.
- Deredza nzvimbo yekurasa.
- Mari dzekugadzira dzinogona kuve dzakaderera.
- Mari yekufambisa inogona kunge yakaderera.
- Dzivisa kusvibiswa kweCO2.
- Gadzira mabasa.
- Inobatsira mukusimudzira kwekumaruwa.
Iyo yakasara biomass iri zvakare yakakamurwa kuita akateedzana ezvikamu zvataurwa pazasi.
Zvakawanda zvekurima
Zvakawanda zvekurima izvo zvisina kushandiswa mukushandisa kwevanhu zvinoonekwa sezvakakodzera kushandiswa se biomass yezvinangwa zvemagetsi.
Uku kushandiswa kwezvirimwa zvekurima zvinoshandiswa muketani yezvokudya zvevanhu yakakonzera zita rakaipa risina chikonzero yekushandiswa kwebiomass yezvinangwa zvemagetsi, sezvo kushandiswa uku kuchipomerwa kuwedzera kwemutengo wezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekurima izvo zviri hwaro hwechikafu munyika zhinji dzechitatu nenyika dzichiri kusimukira.
Izvi zvasara zvekurima zvinogona kushandiswa zvese semafuta mumagetsi ekugadzira magetsi uye kushandurwa kuita biofuels.
Simba mbesa
Izvo zvirimwa zvesimba zvataurwa pamusoro apa zvirimwa zvakatsaurwa zvakasarudzika mukugadzirwa kwesimba.
Kusiyana nezvirimwa zvechivanhu zvekurima, hunhu hwavo hukuru ndohwavo yakakwira biomass kugadzirwa uye yakakwira rusticity, inoratidzirwa muhunhu hwakadai sekushomeka kusanaya kwemvura, hosha, simba, kukura kwekutanga, kugona kwesimba uye kugadzirisa kune nyika dziri marginal.
Magetsi emagetsi anogona kusanganisira zvirimwa zvechivanhu (zviyo, nzimbe, mbeu yemafuta) uye zvisiri zvakajairika (cynara, pataca, sorghum inotapira) izvo zviri kuitiswa muzvidzidzo zvakawanda kuti vaone zvavanoda pakurima.
Biomass shanduko maitiro
Sezvinoonekwa pamusoro, hukuru hwakakura huripo hwezvinhu zvinosanganiswa mukati mepfungwa yebiomass inobvumidza kuti isumise dzakasiyana siyana dzinogona kuitika shanduko maitiro yeiyi biomass musimba.
Nechikonzero ichi, biomass inogona kushandurwa kuita nzira dzakasiyana dzesimba nekushandisa akasiyana maitiro ekushandura, aya marudzi esimba ndeaya:
Pisa uye chiutsi
Izvo zvinokwanisika kugadzira kupisa uye kupisa nekupisa biomass kana biogas.
Kupisa kunogona kuva icho chikuru chigadzirwa chekudziya nekubika kunyorera, kana chingave chiri-chibereko chemagetsi kugadzira muzvirimwa zvinogadzira magetsi nehutsi.
Gaseous mafuta
Iyo biogas inogadzirwa mune anaerobic kugaya kana gasi maitiro inogona kushandiswa mukati meinjini yemagetsi yekugadzira magetsi, yekupisa uye kugadzirisa mune epamba, ezvokutengeserana uye emasangano masisitimu uye mune akachinjwa mota.
Biofuel
Kugadzirwa kwemafuta emagetsi akadai se ethanol uye biodiesel (unogona kutarisa chinyorwa Maitiro ekugadzira biodiesel emumba) ine mukana wekutsiva huwandu hwakakosha hwemafuta emafuta mune akawanda ekufambisa maapplication.
Iko kushandiswa kukuru kweethanol muBrazil kwakaratidza, kweanopfuura makore makumi maviri, izvo biofuels zvinogoneka kugona pamwero mukuru.
MuUnited States neEurope, kugadzirwa kwavo kuri kuwedzera uye ivo vari kutengeswa musanganiswa nemafuta epetroleum.
Semuenzaniso, musanganiswa unonzi E20, unosanganisira 20% ethanol uye 80% petroleum, unoshanda mumainjini mazhinji.
Parizvino, mhando yemafuta iyi inogamuchira imwe mhando ye rubatsiro kana rubatsiro rwehurumende, asi, mune ramangwana, nekuwedzera kwezvirimwa zvine simba uye hupfumi hwehuwandu, kudzikiswa kwemitengo kunogona kuita kuti kugadzirwa kwavo kukwikwidze.
Electricity
Magetsi anogadzirwa nebiomass anogona kutengeswa se "green energy", kubvira haina basa kune iyo greenhouse mhedzisiro nekuti haina mahara carbon dioxide (CO2) chisi.
Rudzi urwu rwesimba runogona kupa sarudzo nyowani kumusika, sezvo mutengo waro mutengo uchizobvumira vashandisi kutsigira dzakakwirira nhanho dzekudyara muhunyanzvi matekinoroji, izvo zvinowedzera iyo bioenergy indasitiri.
Co-chizvarwa (kupisa uye magetsi)
Co-chizvarwa inoreva iyo kugadzirwa panguva imwe chete kweutsi nemagetsi, iyo inogona kushandiswa kune akawanda maindasitiri maitiro anoda maviri mafomu esimba.
MuCentral America, semuenzaniso, maitiro aya akajairika muindasitiri yeshuga, uko zvinokwanisika kutora mukana weiyi nzira marara, kunyanya bagasse.
Nekuda kwekuvimbika kwakanyanya kwebagasse inowanikwa, pachinyakare, kubatanidzwa-chizvarwa kunoitwa zvakaringana Nekudaro, mumakore achangopfuura pakange paine maitiro ekuvandudza maitiro ekugadzira magetsi akawanda uye kutengesa zvakasara kune gridhi yemagetsi.
Maitiro anogona kuteverwa kuita shanduko iyi anogona kukamurwa kuita panyama, physicochemical, thermochemical uye biological.
Kupisa mune biomass zvirimwa
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kupisa kunoitika nekukurumidza nekukurumidza kwemakemikari maitiro inobatanidza oxygen kubva mumhepo (chii chinonzi oxidizer) ine dzakasiyana oxidizing zvinhu zvemafuta saka zvichitanga kuburitswa kwekupisa.
Neichi chikonzero, kuti ichi chemakemikari maitiro kuti zviitike aya mana mamiriro anofanira kuitika:
- Panofanira kunge paine huwandu hwakakwana hwemafuta, kureva biomass.
- Inofanirwa kugadzira huwandu hunokwana hwemhepo yemoto, iyo iine okisijeni inokosheswa kana kuita nemafuta.
- Iyo tembiricha inofanirwa kuve yakakwira zvakakwana kuti kuitika kuitike uye kugadziriswe. Kana iyo tembiricha isingapfuure imwe kukosha, inonzi iyo flash point, iyo oxidizer uye mafuta hazviite.
- Panofanirwa kuve neanotanga kupisa, kazhinji murazvo usati wavapo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvinowanzo shanda mukupisa kwesystem yemoto, kunyangwe mamwe mafuta.
Biomass pretreatment
Pamberi pemoto mubhailer, biomass inofanirwa kuiswa pamberi pekugadzirira maitiro, ayo gadzirisa maitiro ekuita pakati pemafuta uye oxidizer.
Maitiro aya anobatsira kupisa sezvo ichinyatsogadzirisa iyo granulometry uye mwero wehunyoro.
Iyo seti yemaitiro kana epamberi kurapwa ane matatu akakosha zvinangwa
- Homogenize kuiswa kwebiomass mubhailer, kuitira kuti bhaira riwane kuyerera kwesimba kwesimba rakangofanana.
- Kuderera granulometry yayo kuti iwedzere nzvimbo yayo chaiyo yepamusoro.
Muchokwadi, idiki saizi yezviyo, inowedzera nzvimbo yemafuta uye oxidizer kuti iite, nokudaro ichimhanyisa mhinduro uye ichideredza huwandu hwebiomass isingaite (isina kupiswa) - Deredza hunyoro iyo irimo, ichidzivirira icho chikamu chekupisa chakaburitswa mumoto chinoshandiswa sekupisa kwekupisa kwemvura, kuchipisa kudziya kwehutsi.
Zvese izvi zvinofanirwa kuitwawo ne yakaderera inogoneka simba kushandiswa, sezvo simba rese rinoshandiswa mumaitiro aya, kunze kwekunge riri simba rekusara kana simba rinogona kushandiswa mahara, zvinoreva kudzikira kwesimba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nemuti.
Iyo biomass bhaira
Iyo boiler ndeyechokwadi iyo midziyo mikuru yebiomass kupisa thermoelectric chirimwa.
Mariri, maitiro ekushandura simba remakemikari riri mubiomass kuita simba rinopisa rinoitwa, iro rinozoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi.
Iyo boiler, pamusoro pekuve chikuru michina, zvakare iri kunyanya kunetsekana kwevanyanzvi vanoona nezvekushandisa chirimwa.
Pasina kupokana michina inogona kukonzeresa zvakanyanya zvingangoita matambudziko, inokonzeresa nguva yekuzorora, uye inoda kuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya.
Izvo zvikonzero nei boiler iri dambudziko michina iri seinotevera:
- Iyo tekinoroji iri kubuda, isina kukwana zvakakwana. Takatarisana neruzivo rwakakura rwakaunganidzwa mune mamwe maitiro emoto anoburitsa huwandu hwesimba remafuta kubva mukusanganiswa kwemafuta akasimba, semiti yemarasha, biomass combustion inotarisana nhevedzano yezvinetso zvitsva zvisati zvagadziriswa. Zvakagadziriswa zvizere zvinogutsa.
- Iyo yakakwira potasium uye klorini yemukati meiyo biomass inokonzera incrustation uye ngura munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeboiler.
- Kupisa hakuna kugadzikana zvachose, ichiratidza kusiana kwakakosha mukumanikidza uye kupisa.
- Kune kuoma kukuru mukugadzirisa zvizere kutonga kweboiler, nekuda kwekusiyana kwemamiriro ezvinhu umo biomass inogona kuunzwa pamusuwo.
- Kubatsira kwezvirimwa, kunyangwe nemaprimiyamu ekugadzirwa kwemagetsi anopiwa nemutemo weSpanish, kwakasimba kwazvo, kumanikidza kuchengetedza pazvinhu zvese, kusanganisira bhaira. Naizvozvo, zvakanakisa zvekushandisa kana matekinoroji akanakisa haasi kushandiswa, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemutengo wavanosanganisira.
Imwe chete Kusarudzwa kwakakodzera kwerudzi rweboiler kunogona kutungamira mukubudirira kweiyo biomass magetsi ekugadzira chirongwaPanguva imwecheteyo, sarudzo isina kukodzera ichaita kuti zvive zvakaoma kwazvo kudyara murudzi urwu rwechirimwa, icho chinomiririra pakati pe1 ne3 mamirioni euros paMM yesimba remagetsi rakaiswa, kuti riite purofiti.
Biomass thermoelectric zvirimwa
Iyo biomass thermoelectric chirimwa iri chirimwa chemagetsi iyo inotora mukana weiyo chemakemikari simba iri mune imwe huwandu hwebiomass uye iyo inosunungurwa sesimba rinopisa kuburikidza neyakaitika maitiro.
Pakutanga, biomass simba rekudzoreredza chirimwa inofanira kunge iine biomass prereatment system, ine zvinangwa zvikuru kudzikisira hunyoro hwayo, kugadzirisa saizi uye kufanana kweiyo biomass, kuitira kuti mamiriro ezvinhu apinde muchibhaira uye ibudirire. iyo yepamusoro kunyatsoita kweyekupisa system.
Kana simba remafuta rangoburitswa muvira rakakodzera, magasi akaburitswa mumoto, anoumbwa neEC2 neH2O kazhinji pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu zvine simba uye zvine gasi, kuchinjana kupisa kwavo muchibhaira chinotenderera mvura, uye icho chinowanzo shandurwa kuita chiutsi pa kumwe kumanikidza uye tembiricha.
Iyo biomass magasi anopisa anopfuura nepabhaira, ichipa simba rayo kumvura / chiutsi mumatanho akasiyana. madziro emvura, superheater, vaporizer danda, economizer uye mweya preheaters.
Mhepo iri pasi pekumanikidzwa kunoitwa mu boiler inozoendeswa kune turbine, uko inowedzera, ichiburitsa shanduko nyowani yesimba iyo simba rinowanikwa mune hwemhepo pasi pekumanikidza rinoshandurwa. kutanga mu kinetic simba, uye gare gare mukutenderera kwemagetsi simba.
Sisitimu yemitemo yebiomass thermoelectric zvirimwa muSpain
Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi muSpain kunoenderana ne vazivisi vega, kunyange chiri chiitiko chakanyatsogadziriswa nehurumende.
Mitemo nemirau yakasiyana inodzora chiitiko ichi, uye zvakakosha kune chero nyanzvi inoshanda muzvirimwa zvemagetsi biomass kuti izive chimiro ichi chepamutemo.
Izvo zviitiko zvakasiyana zvine chekuita nesimba remagetsi zviri pasi peimwe nyika kupindira, zvichipiwa kukosha kwezviitiko izvi
Pachivanhu, hunhu hweVashandi veHurumende hwashandiswa, neHurumende ichiona nezvekugadzirwa, kutakurwa, kugoverwa uye kutengeswa kwesimba remagetsi.
Nhasi haichisiri Ruzhinji Rwebasa, nekuti zviitiko izvi zvakasununguka zvizere.
Kupindira kweruzhinji parizvino kuri kuchengetwa sezvo zviri zviitiko zvinoenderana nemutemo wakasimba. Zvichava zvinonakidza kudzidza munzvimbo yekutanga maitiro akasiyanasiyana anogona kukanganisa zviitiko zvine chekuita nechizvarwa, kutakura uye kutengesa kwesimba remagetsi.
Biomass yekushandisa mudzimba
Kunyangwe ndakatarisisa zvakanyanya mukuwana simba remagetsi, kushandiswa kwebiomass kugadzira kupisa kwekushandisa kwekupisa kwakataurwa zvakare uye zvirinani, padanho remumba riine mabhaira uye zvitofu zvakatsaurirwa kwazviri chete.
Kana iwe uchida rumwe ruzivo unogona kuverenga chinyorwa chemumwe wangu Germán Zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve pellet stoves
Nenzira iyi, hakuzovi neanokumisa pane nyaya yebiomass uye ndiani anoziva, pamwe ungashinga kuisa imwe yeaya zvitofu mumba mako.