Nhasi tinouya nechimwe chinyorwa cheupenyu nemumwe wemasayendisiti akakosha akabatsira sainzi kuti ive zvazviri nhasi. Tinotaura nezvazvo John dalton. Ndiye chemistiki-fizikisi uye wezvemamiriro ekunze uyo akavandudza kurongeka kwemazuva ano kwedzidziso yemaatomu. Uyu murume haana kugamuchira kurairwa kwakawanda kana dzidzo, asi kushingairira kwake kuziva zvese kwakaita kuti kudzidziswa kwake kuve nani zvakanyanya.
Mune ino posvo iwe unogona kudzidza nezve zvese zvinoitwa naJohn Dalton nenyaya yake kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupedzisira. Iwe unoda kuziva zvakawanda nezvake here? Ramba uchiverenga.
Biography
Mabasa ake ekutanga esainzi aibata nemweya uye chirwere chekuona chaaive nacho, icho chainzi colour blindness mukukudza zita rayo. Ndicho chirwere chinoita kuti iwe usazive mamwe mavara mukati merinooneka spectrum.
Pane imwe nguva akazozivikanwa seasayendisiti, akavaka nzvimbo yakasimba mune zvedzidzo. Mushure mekutsvagurudza kwakawanda, akawana izvo zvatinoziva seMutemo weMazhinji Zvikamu. Ndiwo mutemo unotsanangura huremu hwezvinhu zvinobatanidzwa mukuita kwemakemikari. Kubva ipapo akakwanisa kumisikidza dzidziso pamusoro pebumbiro rezvinhu uye akadaidzwa Dalton's atomic modhi. Iyi yemhando yesainzi yanga ichishanda mukati mezana regumi nepfumbamwe remakore uye nekutenda kwariri kufambira mberi kukuru kunogona kuwanikwa munyika yemakemikari.
Zvese izvi zvakawanikwa zvakamutungamira kuti ave mumwe wemadzibaba emakemikari.
Mudzidzisi uye muongorori panguva imwe chete
John Dalton aive nemabasa maviri aya panguva imwe chete. Vaviri vakamupa yakakosha mukurumbira uye yakanyanya yepamusoro mamiriro ehupfumi kuti akwanise kuzvipira iye zvizere kumabasa ake. Muna 1802, akagadza mutemo wekumanikidza kusarura (kunozivikanwa semutemo waDalton) mune memoir yaive yakanzi Kubata magasi nemvura uye nezvimwe zvinwiwa. Iyi dzidziso yakasimbisa kuti kumanikidza uko kune gasi musanganiswa kune yakaenzana nehuwandu hwemanikidzo echinhu chimwe nechimwe.
Kunze kweizvi, Dalton akatanga hukama hwakanaka pakati kumanikidza kwemweya wemweya uye tembiricha. Nezve izvi zvinozivikanwa kuti, sezvo tembiricha yegasi ichiwedzera, saizvozvowo kumanikidza kwainoita munzvimbo yakavharwa. Neiyi nzira uye nemitemo iyi mudziyo wekicheni watinoziva isu nhasi sekumanikidza kwekubika unoshanda.
Kufarira kwake magasi kuri nekuda kwechido chikuru chaaive nacho mune zvemamiriro ekunze. Aigara achitakura zvishandiso naye kuti akwanise kuyera misiyano yemuchadenga. Aifarira kuziva mamiriro ekunze uye akanyora pasi zvese zvaakaona mune rake bhuku. Nekuda kwechido ichi, John Dalton akaunza zvakawanda kufambira mberi kwesainzi.
Mutemo wehuwandu hwakawanda
Nechekare muna 1803 akatanga kuumba waizova mupiro wake mukuru pasainzi. Parizvino hakusi kuti akaita zvishoma, asi kuti izvi ndizvo zvaizoita kuti afambire mberi zvakanyanya. Izvo zvese zvinodzokera kune rimwe remazuva ake apo iye aive murabhoritari yake achidzidza maitiro ayo nitric oxide ane oxygen. Panguva ino ndipo paakaona kuti maitiro angave nezviyero zvakasiyana. Dzimwe nguva inogona kuve 1: 1,7, imwe nguva 1: 3,4. Iyi misiyano muzvikamu yakanga isiri chinhu chaainzwisisa zvakanaka, asi nekutenda kwazviri aikwanisa kuona hukama pakati pese dhata uye nekumisikidza zvave Mutemo weZvakawanda Zvikamu.
Mutemo uyu unoti mukuita kwemakemikari, zviyero zvezvinhu zviviri zvinogara zvichibatana pamwe chete muhuwandu hwakazara. Nekuda kwedudziro iyi, iye akakwanisa kutanga kuona yekutanga misimboti yemaatomu dzidziso.
Mhedzisiro yetsvagurudzo iyi yaive yakanaka kwazvo uye yaitaurwa nemuromo mugore rimwe chetero. Mushure memakore ekunyora, muna 1808 basa rake rine mukurumbira rakaburitswa mubhuku. Bhuku rakatumidzwa zita Nyowani system yemakemikari uzivi. Mubhuku rino unogona kuunganidza pfungwa dzese dzeatomu uye nemhando dzakasiyana dzedzidziso yezvinhu yatinoziva nhasi. seMutemo waDalton. Kuti awedzere kuturikira, akadhirowa zvimwe zvikamu kuitira kuti, kuburikidza nemufananidzo, vanhu vanzwisise zvirinani mashandiro emakemikari
Kunze kweizvi zvese, aikwanisa kushambadza yekutanga runyorwa rweatomu zviyero uye zviratidzo izvo nhasi zviri chikamu chetafura ye periodic. Zvisingashamisi, havazi vese vesaenzi vakabvumidza dzidziso yaDalton.
Kupera kwebasa rake
Muna 1810 chikamu chechipiri chebhuku chakaburitswa. Muchikamu chino akapa humbowo hutsva nezvezvidzidzo zvake zvine simba. Nenzira iyi akakwanisa kuratidza kuti dzidziso yake yaive yechokwadi. Makore gare gare, muna 1827, Chikamu chechitatu chedzidziso yake chakazobuda. Dalton akazviziva semudzidzisi uye kwete seyekutsvagisa. Kunyangwe aive nhengo yeRoyal Society kubva muna 1822 uye akahwina menduru kubva kunharaunda yesainzi iyi muna 1825, aigara achitaura kuti akararama nekupa makirasi uye hurukuro.
Akapihwa zvese zvaakashandisa muhupenyu hwake hwese, muna 1833 akapihwa mudyandigere wepagore. Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake akapedzwa mukurega basa uye musi waChikunguru 27, 1844 akafa nechirwere chemwoyo. Pakuda kwaDalton, chitunha chakaitwa kuti chizive chinokonzera chirwere chake chekuona. Makore gare gare zvakazoonekwa sekusaona kwemavara.
Izvo zvakadzidzwa kuti chirwere ichi chaisave dambudziko muziso, asi dambudziko rinokonzerwa nekumwe kushomeka kwesimba rekunzwa. Kutenda kune ese mabasa uye nerubatsiro rwake rukuru kune sainzi, akavigwa aine monarch honors mukati mariro makuru akapindwa nevanhu vanodarika mazana mana ezviuru.
Sezvauri kuona, John Dalton aive mumwezve musayendisiti anokwanisa kufambisira mberi nekupa mupasi pasainzi nekuda kwekuda kuziva uye kutsungirira kwekutsvaga kwake. Izvi zvinoita kuti tidzidze nezvekukosha kwekuzvipira kuzvatiri chaizvo uye kuti hupenyu hwedu hwakatenderera pazviri.