Biography yaMarie Curie

Marie Curie anga ari muPolish akaberekerwa fizikisi uye chemist akawana radioactivity uye akapayona kudzidza kweradioactive element. Aive mukadzi wekutanga kuhwina Mubairo weNobel uye ndiye ega mukadzi akawana mibairo miviri iyi mundima dzakasiyana. Aiva nemasimba makuru munyika yesainzi. Naizvozvo, the biography yaMarie Curie zvinonakidza kuziva.

Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza iyo yese biography yaMarie Curie, ake akanyanya kukosha mabatiro uye zvaakawana.

Biography yaMarie Curie

Ndiye wekupedzisira pavana vashanu vemudzidzisi Bronislava Boguska naWladyslaw Sklodowski, vakadzidzisa masvomhu nefizikisi. Akatanga kupinda chikoro chebhodhingi cheJ. Sikorska paaiva nemakore gumi. Akabva apinda chikoro chevasikana uye akapedza menduru yegoridhe musi waChikumi 12, 1883.

Zvichida nekuda kwekuora mwoyo, akadonha ndokupedza gore kumaruwa nehama dzababa vake, uye gore rakatevera muWarsaw nababa vake, kwaakapa zvidzidzo zvega nekuti aisakwanisa kupinda zvikoro zvepamusoro nekuti aive mukadzi. Pamwe chete nehanzvadzi yake Broniswara, akapinda pachivande Uniwersytet Latajacy, chikoro chepamusoro chevadzidzi vechikadzi. Muna 1891 akaenda kuParis uye akachinja zita rake kuva Marie. Muna 1891 akanyoresa mukosi yesainzi paSorbonne muParis. Makore maviri gare gare, akapedza zvidzidzo zvake zvefizikisi ari pamusoro pekirasi yake. Anodzidza uye anoita muamateur theatre, achigovera nguva yake yekudzidza.

Akaroora kuna Pierre Curie

Muna 1894 akasangana Pierre Curie. Panguva iyoyo, vaviri vacho vaishanda mumunda wemagnetism. Pierre Curie, makumi matatu nemashanu, tariro huru munharaunda yeFrench fizikisi. Akabva atanga kuda mukadzi wechiPolish ane tsvarakadenga ane makore 35 aitaura zvaaitenda nezvesainzi. Mushure mokunge Pierre amuudza uye akamunyengetedza kuti agare muParis, vakapemberera muchato wavo musi waChikunguru 26, 1895 nenzira inoshamisa iri nyore: hapana bato, hapana mhete dzemuchato, hapana hembe chena.. Mwenga, akapfeka sutu yebhuruu yakapfava, akatanga rwendo rwake rwehusiku nebhasikoro nechikomba mumugwagwa weFrance.

Vaviri ava vaive nevanasikana vaviri, mumwe wacho akahwinawo mubairo weNobel: Irène Joliot-Curie nemurume wake Frédéric vakagashira mubairo weNobel muChemistry muna 1935 nekuda kwekutora zvinhu zvitsva zveradioactive.

Chii chakawanikwa naMarie Curie?

Marie Curie akafadzwa nerudzi ruchangobva kuwanikwa rwemwaranzi. Wilhelm Roentgen akawana X-rays muna 1895 uye Antoine-Henri Becquerel muna 1896 akawana kuti uranium inoburitsa mwaranzi isingaonekwe yakafanana. Zvisinei, akatanga kudzidza nezvemwaranzi yeuranium uye, achishandisa nzira yepiezoelectric yakagadzirwa naPierre, akayera nokungwarira mwaranzi mu<em>pitchblende, chicherwa chine uranium. Paakaona kuti mwaranzi yaibva muchicherwa chacho yakanga yakanyanyisa kudarika iyo uranium pachayo, akaziva kuti panofanira kuva nechinhu chisingazivikanwi, chinotowedzera mwaranzi inopenya kupfuura uranium. Marie Curie Aive wekutanga kushandisa izwi rekuti "radioactive" kutsanangura chinhu chinoburitsa mwaranzi kana nucleus yayo yaora.

Mutungamiriri wePierre Curie akabvuma kuti Marie akamisa serabhoritari chikamu cheMunicipal School of Physics uye Chemistry chakashanda seimba yekuchengetera uye injini. Marie Curie akatanga tsvagiridzo yake ipapo, achishandisa electrometer yakagadzirwa naPierre nemukoma wake kuyera kusimba kweiyo ikozvino yakakonzerwa neakasiyana uranium uye thorium makomisheni, nekukasira kuona kuti basa reuranium munyu rinoenderana chete nehuwandu hweuranium iripo, zvisinei nemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.

Mukuona kwesayenzi, uku ndiko kwakanga kuri kuwanwa kwake kunokosha zvikurusa, sezvo kwakaratidza kuti mwaranzi yaigona bedzi kubva muatomu rimene, pasinei zvapo nechinhu chipi nechipi chakawedzerwa kana kuita kwekemikari. Asi Marie Curie haana kuzvivaraidza mukufungisisa nezvemugumisiro uyu; akawedzera tsvakiridzo yake kune pitchblende uye chalcolite, achiona kuti ivo vainyanya kushanda kupfuura uranium. Kubva pane izvi akagumisa kuvapo mune izvi zvicherwa zvechimwe chinhu chitsva, chine mutoro weichi chiitiko chikuru.

Murume wake akapedza kudzidza kwake magineti, achibatana neyemukadzi wake, uye muna 1898 vaviri ava vakazivisa kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zviviri zvitsva: polonium (Maria akatumidzwa zita renyika yekuzvarwa) uye radium. Kwemakore mana akatevera, vaviri vacho vakashanda pasi pemamiriro asina kugadzikana, vachigadzira toni yepitch amphibole, kubva kwavakatsaura giramu re radium.

Mukadzi wekutanga mubairo weNobel

Muna 1903, vakagovana Mubairo weNobel muFizikisi naBecquerel nekuwanikwa kwavo kwezvinhu zvine radioactive. Kwavari, zvisinei, kubwinya uku kwaiva “njodzi”, zvose zvakavandika zvikuru, zvakamedzwa nechishuvo chimwe chetecho chokutsvakurudza, apo vakazviwana vamene vatsauswa pakutsvakurudza ndokuona marabhoritari avo akakukurwa neanachronisms. Wese munhu akatambura pakarwiswa vanhu uye pavilion yake ine mwero muParis yakapindirwa nevatori venhau nevatori vemifananidzo. Mahofisi eposvo akawanda ari kubata nemabasa aakavanetsa neSvondo. Marie Curie akava mukadzi wekutanga kugamuchira mubairo.

Muna 1904, Pierre Curie akagadzwa kuva purofesa wefizikisi paYunivhesiti yeParis, uye muna 1905 akava nhengo yeFrench Academy of Sciences. Zvinzvimbo izvi hazviwanzo kuzadzwa nevakadzi, uye Mary haana rutsigiro rwakafanana. Musi waApril 19, 1906, Pierre akaurayiwa nengoro paaiyambuka Dauphin Street. Kubva ipapo, Mary anga achitungamira makosi ake uye akaenderera mberi netsvakiridzo yake.

Mubairo weNobel muChemistry

Muna 1911, Marie akabatanidzwa mukunyadzisa paakapinda muukama nemufizikisi akaroora Paul Langevin. Vamwe vezvenhau vanotaura nezve "mbavha dzevarume" uye "vatorwa." Gore rimwe chetero, akagamuchira mubairo wechipiri weNobel muChemistry nokuda kwetsvakiridzo yake pamusoro peradium nemakomboni ayo. Muna 1914, akagadzwa semutungamiriri weParis Broadcasting Institute uye Curie Institute yakatangwa.

Muna Chivabvu 1921, nekuda kwemutori wenhau weAmerica Mary Meloney, iye nevanasikana vake vakatamira kuUnited States, uko, nekuda kwemari yakaunganidzwa nenharaunda yePoland uye mamwe mamirioni eAmerica, vakakwanisa kutsigira Radium Institute. Rimwe giramu re radium rakawanikwa. Zvakare, imwe mari yakawedzerwa kutenga midziyo yemurabhoritari.

Marie Curie akatambura nehutsinye anemia kubva pakuratidzwa kwenguva refu nemwaranzi. Mushure mekuva bofu, akafa musi waChikunguru 4, 1934, pakiriniki yeSancellemoz pedyo nePassy, ​​Haute-Savoie, France. Akavigwa mumakuva eSceaux, makiromita mashoma kumaodzanyemba kweParis, padivi pemurume wake.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve biography yaMarie Curie nemabasa ake.