Imwe yemakungwa anozivikanwa kwazvo pasi uye inoparadzanisa America neRussia ndiyo bering gungwa. Inotumidzwa zita mukukudza Vitus Jonassen Bering. Icho chiri pamusoro peDanish muongorori uyo akatungamira mafambiro kunzvimbo yeBeringia muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Iri igungwa riri kuchamhembe kwePacific Ocean padhuze neAlaska neRussia. Iyo ine yakasarudzika hunhu uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana zvinonyanya kufadza kuziva.
Naizvozvo, isu tiri kuzotsaurira ichi chinyorwa kukuudza nezvese hunhu, kuumbwa uye kusiyanisa kweGungwa reBering.
Mhando huru
Gungwa reBering rine basa rekuzvipatsanura kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzePacific nekuda kwekuvapo kweAleutian Islands, neAlaska Peninsula. Chimwe chezvikamu zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa munzvimbo ino yese ndiyo Bering Strait. Iine upamhi hwemakiromita 85 uye inobatana neGungwa reChukchi uye Arctic Ocean. Iyi nharaunda yese inosangana pakati peimwe neiyo Bering Strait.
Kana tikaongorora gungwa rese kubva pamepu, tinoona kuti inovhara anopfuura makiromita maviri emakiromita. Maumbirwo egungwa iri anoda kuziva. Uye ndeyekuti yakatenderera katatu uye ine Bering Strait, Bristol Bay, Gulf yeAnadyr neNorton Sound. Uye zvakare, iri gungwa rine zvimwe zvitsuwa zvinosanganisira zvinotevera: Diomedes, San Mateo Island, Karáguinski Island uye Sledge Island, uye angangoita gumi nematanhatu emakungwa epasi pegungwa.
Mugungwa iri mune kutenderera kwemvura inoyerera iyo inokurudzirwa neiyo ikozvino Alaskan. Kuyerera kunounza mvura mubheseni iri kunobva murukova urwu. Tichifunga nezve morphological hunhu hwegungwa iri, zvinozivikanwa kuti nzvimbo yepamusoro inotonhora nepo yakadzika mvura ichidziya. Mvura inodziya iri kuunzwa kubva kuPacific Ocean. Iyi mvura inofamba nepakati pezvakawanda zvezvitsuwa kumaodzanyemba.
Chimwe chehunhu hunozivikanwa kwazvo negungwa iri ndechekuti nekuda kwenzvimbo yaro nenzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana chikamu chekuchamhembe chinowanzo gwamba muchando. Muzhinji igungwa rinotonhora. Iwe unogona kuona kuti yakawanda yenguva yechando yakaomeswa nechando pamusoro uye munguva yezhizha unogona kunyoresa tembiricha yemvura isingasviki zero zero degrees. Kunyangwe izvo izvo munhu angafunge, munyu wegungwa iri wakaderera kwazvo. Imwe yakanyanya kukwirisa yemunyu inogona kuwanikwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakadzika. Nekudaro, kuve hwakadzama hwakadzika kudaro, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti hafu yegungwa iri pasi pemamita mazana maviri pakadzika. Mune zvimwe zvikamu, pasi pemamita gumi nemashanu chete uye mune dzimwe inosvika pakadzika mamita mazana matatu nemazana matanhatu.
Nzvimbo yakadzika yeGungwa reBering iri muBowers Basin anenge mamita 4.067 kudzika.
Kuumbwa kweGungwa reBering
Izvo zvinofanirwa kutariswa kuti, pakuumbwa kweGungwa reBering, zera rePacific Ocean rinofanirwa kufungidzirwa, sezvo richikurudzirwa kwazvo naro. Zera rayo rinofungidzirwa ingangoita mazana emamirioni mazana manomwe emakore. Rodinia, anozivikanwa senzvimbo yepamusoro makore anopfuura bhiriyoni rimwe apfuura, paakatanga kuumbika, iyi nharaunda yese yaipinda nenzira yekuparadzaniswa. Sezvo nyika dzakaparadzaniswa, gungwa rePacific rakakamukana ndokuenda munzira yeGungwa reBering.
Iri gungwa rinomisa mamwe ese egungwa panguva Eocene epoch. Chikamu chikuru chine basa rekuparadzanisa mamwe ese egungwa kuumbwa kweiyo arc yeAleutian Islands. Gungwa reBering rakaumbwa neyakafararira kondinendi rakavharwa necheni yeAleutian Islands neBering Strait. Iyi chikuva chakatangira semhedzisiro yekurovera kwemapuratifomu pakutanga kweCretaceous nguva iri pakati kumabvazuva kweSiberia neNorth Slope Block. Iyo North Slope Block inzvimbo iri kuchamhembe kweAlaska.
Biodiversity yeGungwa reBering
Sezvatambotaura, igungwa rine mhando zhinji dzemhuka nezvinomera. Inotariswa kwenguva yakareba senge gungwa ecosystem ine kukosha kukuru. Nzvimbo dzese dzeArctic dziripo pakati peRussia, Alaska neCanada dzinobatsirwa nekuvapo kweiyi biodiversity. Uye izvi imo nekuti mukati memvura yaro unogona kuwana huwandu hwezvinyama zvegungwa, hove, mollusks, crustaceans nedzimwe mhuka dzine saizi mikuru.
Kune mhando dzinopfuura zana nemakumi matanhatu dzenzvimbo dzinofamba dzakayangarara ayo ane ecosystem yavo muBering Sea. Semuenzaniso, isu tinowana hofori brown algae iyo inokwanisa kuumba masango akasvibira mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemvura. Pakati pemhando dzakajairika dzemhuka muGungwa reBering ndedzinotevera:
- Walrus
- Fin whale
- Boreal whale
- North Pacific Kurudyi Whale
- Steller Gungwa Shumba
- Kudya kwemarine
- Kune ese
- Salimoni
- Herring
- Pacific cod
- Giant tsvuku crab
- Hedgehogs
- Nyeredzi dzegungwa
Uye rondedzero inoenderera. Kune huwandu hwese hunosvika mazana mana nemakumi mana emarudzi ehove ayo akabatsira kuwanda kwekuredza uye bhizinesi naro. Nekudaro, pane zvimwe zvinokanganisa uye kutyisidzira kuri kukanganisa Gungwa reBering.
Zvinotyisa
Ramba uchifunga kuti kukanganisa kwevanhu kuri kukonzera matambudziko muBering Sea. Uye ndeyekuti inzvimbo iri panjodzi huru kune yakaipa mhedzisiro yekudziya kwepasi. Kuve nzvimbo padyo neArctic Ocean iri kukanganiswa nekusimuka kwemvura semhedzisiro yekunyungudika kwepolar ice cap. Uye zvakare, inofanirwa kutariswa kuti, iri igungwa rine hunyanzvi mukubata hove, rinotambura nekushandiswa uye matambudziko akonzerwa mumarudzi mazhinji. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yekumadokero iri munzvimbo yekuredza zvakanyanya uye hove zvisiri pamutemo.
Zvikamu zveGungwa reBering zvakasvibiswa neakawanda emarara macroscopic organic uye zvine chepfu zvinhu. Dambudziko nezvinhu izvi nderekuti zvakanyanya kunetsa kubvisa. Mumuviri wemhuka zhinji dzegungwa dzakawanikwa polychlorinated biphenyls izvo zvinoramba zvichisvibisa zvisikwa, zvisaririra zve mercury, lead, selenium uye cadmium. Isu tinoonawo zvimwe zvinokanganisa zvinogadzirwa nemumigwagwa wegungwa uyo unokanganisa hupenyu hwemugungwa uye njodzi huru yekuparara kwemafuta.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezveGungwa reBering.