Patinoona a batanidza mepu isu tinofanirwa kuziva nzira yekududzira nekuti inogona kutipa ruzivo rwakawanda nezve nzvimbo dzainoratidza. Mepu iyi inoshandisa geographic coordinate system, inova sisitimu inonongedzera kune chero nzvimbo yepasi. Kuti uite izvi, inoshandisa maviri angular marongero ayo ari latitude uye longitude.
Kana iwe uchida kuziva kuti ungadudzira sei mepuru yekubatanidza uye kuti yakakosha sei, iyi ndiyo posvo yako.
Chii chiri mepu yekubatanidza
Mepu yekuronga ndeye iyo inoshandisa geographic kuronga system ine maviri angular maodhi. latitude, iyo inoratidza kuchamhembe, yakanaka kumaodzanyemba, uye longitude isingaratidzi kumabvazuva kana kumadokero. Kana isu tichida kuziva mativi ekumashure epasi nekuremekedza pakati penyika, isu tinongofanirwa kuenzanisa neayo axis yekutenderera.
Kuti tizive kuti mepu yekubatanidza chii, isu tinofanirwa kuziva mamwe mazano ekutanga. Chinhu chekutanga kuziva kuti chii fananidzo. Ecuador isikisi yekufungidzira iyo inoenderana neiyo axis yekutenderera kwepasi. Naizvozvo, idenderedzwa rimwe chete. Uyezve, Iine hunhu hukuru hwekuti yakaenzana kubva kumatanda uye ndiyo inopatsanura nyika yedu kuita ma hemispheres maviri. Muchikamu chekuchamhembe tine nzvimbo yekuchamhembe, iyo inosanganisira hemisphere iyo inotangira kuEquator kuenda kuchamhembe. Kune rimwe divi, isu tine iyo yekumaodzanyemba hemisphere inova imwe hemisphere iyo inotangira kubva kuEquator kusvika kumaodzanyemba pole. KuSouth pole kune Antarctica.
Ose ari maviri kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba kweEquator pane akafanana uye iwo akateedzana e madiki madenderedzwa eEquator. Aya madenderedzwa kana kufungidzira uye anova madiki sezvavanosvika padyo nematanda. Daro pakati pedenderedzwa rega rega rakafanana, saka rinozivikanwa sekufananidzwa.
Kunyanya kufanana pamepu inoenderana
Tiri kuzotsanangura izvo zvakafanana zviri pamepu yekubatanidza. Dzakanyanya isu tinadzo ndeye tropic yekenza uye iyo tropic ye capricorn. Izvi zviviri zvakafanana ndizvo zvinoratidza mucherechedzo wekuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba kweEquator. Munzvimbo idzi ndipo panowira mwaranzi yezuva yakatwasuka. Ndokunge, iwo ndiwo akakwirira uye akakwirira kumatunhu ayo zuva rinokwanisa kusvika mukufamba kwawo kunoratidzika kwegore.
Naizvozvo, isu tinoziva kuti zhizha solstice iri pakati paJune 21 na22. Pakati pezuva rino zuva rinoita seriri pamusoro penzvimbo inopisa yekenza uye rinotarisisa zvakakwana kumusoro kwepasi. Kune rimwe divi, munzvimbo dzinopisa dzeCapricorn mwaranzi yezuva inowanzoenderana nepasi penyika munguva yechando solstice, angangoita Zvita 23.
Zvimwe zviviri zvakafanana zvakafanana iArctic Circle uye Antarctic Circle. Idzi ndidzo dzinotaridza nzvimbo dzekuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba kweEcuador uko zuva risingasviki pakuvira kana kuti rakananga risingasviki. Pano ndipo patine mazuva akazara asina husiku kana husiku hwakazara pasina zuva. Kubva pamadenderedzwa aya takananga kumatanda akanangana, huwandu hwemazuva uye hunongowanda uyezve hunodzikira kusvika panguva iyo matanda anotevera mwedzi mitanhatu yerima uye mimwe mwedzi mitanhatu yechiedza. Polar denderedzwa idaro rakaenzana kubva pamatanda senzvimbo dzinopisa dzeEquator.
Meridians pamepu inoenderana
Zvimwe zvakakosha zve mepuru yekubatanidza ndeye meridians. Iwo meridians ndiwo masendimita anotenderera kubva kumatanda uye akaenzana kuEquator. Ngatisakanganwe kuti zvese izvi zvinhu zvemepuru zvakarongeka ndezvekufungidzira. Ivo anongoshandiswa chete kumisikidza marongedzo pane imwe nhanho. Meridian yega yega inoumbwa nemasenduru maviri, imwe iine meridhiya iri kutaurwa uye imwe yacho meridhi yakatarisana. Yekumabvazuva iri kumabvazuva kweanofungidzirwa meridian uye yekumadokero iri kumadokero.
Iyo meridian 0 madhigirii ndiyo inopfuura iyo Greenwich Observatory iri muLondon, saka inozivikanwa nezita reGreenwich meridian. Iyi meridian ndiyo inopatsanura pasi kuita ma hemispheres maviri: iyo yekumabvazuva kana yekumabvazuva hemisphere iyo iri kumabvazuva kweakanzi meridian uye kumadokero kana kumabvazuva hemisphere iyo iri kumadokero kwayo.
Latitude uye longitude
Zvinhu zviviri izvi zvakakosha kwazvo mumepu yekubatanidza. Chero nzvimbo iri pasi pevhu inogona kutaurwa nezvekupindirana kwekufananidza uye meridhi. Apa ndipo panobuda hutanho hwehurefu nehurefu. Latitude ndiyo inopa nzvimbo yenzvimbo kungave kuchamhembe kana kumaodzanyemba kubva kuEquator. Iyo inoratidzwa mune angular zviyero zvinotangira kubva pa0 degrees kusvika pamadhigirii makumi mapfumbamwe. Inotumidzwa semadhigirii kuchamhembe uye madigiri kumaodzanyemba. Kana tikabata tambo inoenda kubva pane imwe poindi kusvika pakati pechikamu, kona inoitwa nemutsetse uyu nehurongwa hweyevheta ndiyo inenge iri nzvimbo yepanzvimbo iyoyo.
Iwo madhigirii eruzivo anowanzo kuve akapatsananiswa zvakaenzana. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekudzikama kudiki uko kune nyika munzvimbo yematanda, zvinokonzeresa kuti nhanho yeparutivi siyana.
Kune rimwe divi isu tine urefu. Kureba ndiko kunopa nzvimbo yenzvimbo pakati penzvimbo yekumabvazuva kana yekumadokero kubva kunongedzo meridian inozivikanwa seGreenwich meridian. Inoratidzwa kubva pamitengo yemadhigirii gumi kusvika pamadhigirii makumi masere, zvichireva kuti kumabvazuva kana kumadokero. Nepo mwero wekutenderera uchienderana nedaro rakada kufanana, zvakafanana hazviitike nehurefu hwenzvimbo. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti denderedzwa ratinoyera nhambwe iyi rinosangana rakanangana nematanda. KuEcuador kune degree rehurefu hwakaenzana nedaro remakiromita 11132 uye Ndiwo mhedzisiro yekukamura denderedzwa reEquator nemadhigiri makumi matatu nematanhatu ane denderedzwa repasi.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve marongero anoita mepu.