Nhasi tichataura nezvazvo barents gungwa. Icho chikamu cheArctic Glacial Ocean uye inotambanuka pamusoro penzvimbo ine pamusoro penzvimbo yemamirioni emamirioni 1.4. Iri gungwa rinozivikanwa nekuwanda kwaro kwemiti nemhuka dzemarudzi uye nekuda kwehupfumi hwaro. Yakanga ichitozivikanwa munguva dzekare kumaVikings nemaRussia. Naizvozvo, isu tichaisa iyi chinyorwa kukuudza zvese hunhu uye kukosha kwegungwa iri.
Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezveGungwa reBarents, ichi ndicho chinyorwa chako.
Mhando huru
Iyo yakaumbwa kunge rectangle uye inoyera 1300 makiromita pakureba kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba. Inowanikwa kubva kunyika yaFrancisco José kusvika kugungwa jena. Kune rimwe divi, ine hupamhi hwemakiromita 1050 kubva kumabvazuva kuenda kumadokero uye ichibva kuzvitsuwa zveNew Zembla kuenda kuGungwa reNorway.
Iine kudzika kwemamita mazana maviri nemazana matatu paavhareji Izvi zvinoita kuti rive gungwa rakadzika kwazvo, asi mune dzimwe nzvimbo rinogona kusvika pamamita mazana matanhatu pakadzika. Mvura iri pakati penyika dzeFinnmark dzeNorway nemaKarelian mahombekombe eRussia. Sezvatambotaura, gungwa iri raizivikanwa nemaVikings nemaRussia asi havana kuridaidza kuti Gungwa reBarents, asi vakaridaidza kuti Gungwa reMurmean. Zita reGungwa reBarents rakabuda pamepu yakatorwa muna 600 mukuremekedza mutsvagiri wechiDutch Willem Barents. Aya ekumaodzanyemba emahombekombe egungwa anotsvaga kutsvaga boardwalk pakati peEurope neNorth Asia.
Mazhinji esainzi nenzvimbo zvakawanikwa munguva dzekare zvakapihwa nechinangwa chakasiyana pane icho chakazadzikiswa. Kubva ipapo kuenda kuColumbus kunowana America. Chii chinozivisa gungwa iri ndechekuti ine munyu uripamusoro pevhareji. Kunyanya zvakanyanya 3,4% munyu. Kana iri mamiriro ekunze, iyo inonyanya kuwanikwa mudunhu iri iri subarctic mhando. Kuve munzvimbo dziri padyo nedanda rekuchamhembe, iwo mavhareji tembiricha muchando ari -25 madigiri munzvimbo yekuchamhembe uye -8 madhigirii munzvimbo dziri padyo nekondinendi. Izvi zvinogara imomo, asi muzhizha vane zvakare tembiricha yakadzika kwazvo iri kutenderedza 0 degrees munzvimbo yekuchamhembe uye gumi nemadhigiri munzvimbo yekondinendi.
Chimwe chehunhu hunoita kuti gungwa iri rive rakakosha nderekuti kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuchamhembe dzakagwamba zvachose. Zvakafanana nechikamu cheNorth Pole. Nekuti iyo Gulf Stream inotakura mvura inodziya kubva kumadokero, nzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba nekumadokero kwemahombekombe eGungwa reBarents haina chando-gore rese. Nezve kunaya kwemvura, mwero wegore wakakomberedza hunhu hwakasiyana muchikamu chekuchamhembe uye muchikamu chekumaodzanyemba. Chikamu chekumaodzanyemba chakanyorova ine mvura yekunonoka ye2500 mm, nepo kuchamhembe kune chete huwandu hwe1000 mm
Zviteshi zveBarents zveGungwa
Mhenderekedzo yegungwa iri izere nenzvimbo dzine mawere mahombe nemafjord akadzika. Pamusoro pazvose mazinga echikamu chekumadokero Nekudaro, kumabvazuva kweKenin Peninsula, iwo mahombekombe haana mawere mazhinji asi akaderera, achiratidza mabhenji mazhinji nenzvimbo dzisina kudzika.
Chikamu chemahombekombe ezvitsuwa zvekuchamhembe chine makomo marefu uye akakwirira ane akati wandei echando ayo mugumo igungwa. Iyi nharaunda zvakare ndeyekushambadzira kufarira uye makuru madoko asina maizi echando ekutengesa anotevera:
- Chiteshi cheTromsø neVardø muNorway pedyo neNorth Cape.
- Chiteshi cheMurmansk neTeriberka muRussia, zvese paKola Peninsula.
Huwandu hukuru hwekodhi yepasi rose hunowanzotengeswa mumachiteshi aya. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kune huwandu hwakawanda hwehove idzi uye hove yave ichibatwa pamwe chete neRussia neNorway kubvira 1976. Kuti kudzikise kubata hove uye kusakanganisa huwandu hwevanhu, huwandu hwakawanda hwekubvumirwa hunobvumidzwa pagore hwakagadzwa. Nekudaro, iyo kodhi yekubereka kutenderera haina kukanganiswa uye vanhu varipo mugungwa iri havana njodzi.
Kune rimwe divi, Norway yakatanga kutsvaga mahydrocarbon muGungwa reBarents muna 1969. Izvi zvakatungamira ku kushandiswa chaiko kweiyo gasi nemafuta kuchinjana umo Shtokman gasi munda unomira, ichi chiri chechishanu chikuru dhipoziti munyika. Dambudziko rekushandiswa uku kusvibiswa uye kuvakwa kwezvivakwa pakati pegungwa izvo zvinokanganisa kwakasiyana siyana pane ecosystem. Miti yakapoteredzwa nemhuka nemhuka zvinokuvadzwa nekurasikirwa kudiki kunoitika munzvimbo dzinoshandiswa oiri negasi, pamwe neruzha.
Rangarira kuti mhuka zhinji dzine nzira yekutaurirana yakavakirwa pamafungu anoonekwa kuburikidza neruzha. Kuwanda kwemachina mugungwa rakavhurika kunokonzeresa kugadzikana mune aya echisikigo radar emhuka.
Maruva uye mhuka dzegungwa reBarents
Iye zvino tava kuzotsanangura mhando huru dzatinogona kuwana mugungwa iri. Mazhinji ezvisikwa anowanikwa mumvura yakadzikama yeGulf Stream uye mumvura inotonhora yeArctic. Izvi zvipenyu zvinogara munzvimbo dzakanyanyisa kugadziriswa zvinoenderana nemamiriro enzvimbo dzekugara mugungwa.
Phytoplankton inoshanda sechikafu chezooplankton uyezve, Icho chigadziko chekudya chenguva zhinji senge cod uye zvipuka zvakaita sehove. Iyo whale ndeimwe yeakanyanya kukanganiswa nekubviswa kwemahydrocarbon. Dzimwe mhando dzinomira mugungwa iri senge chisimbiso cheGreenland uye, pakati peshiri, murre wakajairika unomira.
Sezvauri kuona, gungwa iri rine hupfumi hwakawanda uye kusiyanisa kukuru. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezveGungwa reBarents uye kukosha kwekushandisa kwehydrocarbon nekutengesa.