La Atlas mountain range inzvimbo yemakomo iri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweAfrica. Nzvimbo iyi inoratidza musiyano unoshamisa pakati penzvimbo yayo yakasvibira, yakafukidzwa nesinou nemagwenga ayo akaoma anotyisa. Mutsara wemakomo uyu unoshanda semusiyano wemusikirwo, uchiparadzanisa Sahara Desert kubva kumahombekombe eGungwa reMediterranean neAtlantic Ocean. Makomo eAtlas ndiwo musha wepamusoro-soro munzvimbo dzawo uye anoonekwa senzvimbo yepasi pemarudzi eArab Maghreb, inoumba kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweAfrica.
Nokudaro, munyaya ino tichakuudza zvose zvaunoda kuziva pamusoro peAtlas Mountains, maitiro ayo, mavambo uye zvimwe zvakawanda.
Mhando huru
Makomo eAtlas ari kuNorth Africa uye anozivikanwa nezvimwe zvinosiyana. Aya maficha anosanganisira nzvimbo dzakakombama, materu ane matombo, uye kukwirisa kunosvika 4.167 metres.
Nzvimbo yemakomo inozivikanwa seAtlas Mountains inotenderera nenyika dzeMorocco, Algeria neTunisia, ichifukidza chinhambwe chemakiromita 2.400. Gomo reToubkal (rinozivikanwawo seTubqal), iro rakakwirira kupfuura mamwe makomo aya. Inokwira mamita 4.167 pamusoro pegungwa.
Gomo reAtlas rakakamurwa kuita matatu makuru makuru: Moroccan Atlas, Saharan Atlas uye Tellian Atlas. Iyi yakaoma sisitimu inoumbwa neanoverengeka subranges, massifs, ega ega, mapaki emunyika nemitumbi yemvura, kusanganisira:
- Iyo Atlas gomo renji inoumbwa neakawanda ekuwedzera, pakati pawo ari Gomo reAurés kana Orés uye makomo eTunisia, izvo zviri pakati pezvinonyanya kukosha.
- Nzvimbo yemakomo yeJbel Saghro ndeyekuwedzeredzwa kwakanangana nedunhu rekumabvazuva kweAnti-Atlas makomo. Kureba kwayo kunosvika 2712 metres.
- Jebel Ouanoukrim inzvimbo yemakomo ine mbiri dzepamusoro-soro munzvimbo iyi: nhongonya dzeTimezguida (4089 metres) uye Ras Ouanoukrim (4083 metres), iyo inotora yechipiri neyechitatu nzvimbo zvakateerana.
- Nekureba kwe4071 metres, Ighil M'Goun (inozivikanwawo seJebel Mgoun) inozivikanwa seyechina yepamusoro-soro mumakomo eAtlas.
- Toubkal National Park inzvimbo yekugara yeMount Toubkal ine mukurumbira.
- Djebel Chambi National Park uye Biosphere Reserve Inzvimbo inoyevedza inokosheswa zvikuru nekunaka kwayo uye kukosha kwezvakatipoteredza.
- Tazekka National Park inzvimbo yakadzivirirwa ine zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakawanda mumaruva nemhuka. Inzvimbo yakakurumbira yevashanyi vanotsvaga adventure uye runako rwechisikigo.
- Tineghir inzvimbo yeWorld Heritage Site uye iri pazasi peAtlas Mountains kuMorocco. Saiti iyi inzvimbo yekuzorodza inopa zororo rinodiwa zvakanyanya munzvimbo isina mvura.
- Mapopoma eUzud chishamiso chechisikigo.
- The Cheliff, Draa, El Abid, Meyerda, Mulya, Oum Er-Rbia, Sus uye Wadi Ourika nzizi. Vane zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana uye nzira.
Vanhu vakakomberedza
Nzvimbo yeAtlas inonyanya kugarwa nevanhu veBerber, vanoumba ruzhinji rwevagari vayo. Dunhu iri rinotsigira mamirioni avanhu vanorarama zvakanyanya nekurima, zvipfuyo, hove nekushanyirwa. Nekuda kweiyo geography yakanaka, nzvimbo iyi inzvimbo inozivikanwa yevafambi vanotsvaga zvekutandara senge. kufamba, kufamba, kukwira makomo uye kunyange skiing, nekuda kwenzvimbo dzekutandarira seOukaïmeden neTimichi.
Makomo eMoroccan Atlas inzvimbo inotyisa yemusikirwo iyo Inotambanuka kweanopfuura 2.500 km munyika yose. Inoumbwa nezvikamu zvakasiyana zvakasiyana, imwe neimwe iine yakasarudzika geology, maruva nemhuka. Nzvimbo yakakwirira yepamusoro-soro mumutsara iToubkal, iyo inokwira pamusoro penzvimbo yakapoteredzwa kusvika pakukwirira kunoshamisa kwemamita 4.167 pamusoro pegungwa. Makomo eAtlas akaita basa rakakosha mukuumba tsika nemagariro eMoroccan, achishanda sechipingamupinyi uye bhiriji pakati pematunhu akasiyana enyika. Nhasi, Atlas inoramba iri nzvimbo yakakurumbira kune vafambi, vanofamba mumakomo, uye vanokwira makomo vachitsvaga kuongorora nzvimbo yayo yakaoma uye maonero anoshamisa.
Kuumbwa kweAtlas Mountains
Kuumbwa kweAtlas Mountains kunogona kuverengerwa kune yakaoma nhevedzano yezviitiko zve geological. Nzvimbo yemakomo inotambanudza 2.500 makiromita kuburikidza neMorocco, Algeria neTunisia, uye Zvinotendwa kuti zvakabuda panguva yePaleozoic Era, anenge mamiriyoni mazana matatu emakore apfuura. Makomo eAtlas anoratidzirwa nenhongonya dzawo dzakakombama, mipata yakadzika uye materu, ayo ari mhedzisiro yekunyanya kuita tectonic uye kuputika kwemakomo. Aya masimba e geological akakonzera kusimudzwa nekupeta kwePasi, izvo zvakazoita kuti Makomo eAtlas atiri kuona nhasi.
MaTitans engano dzechiGiriki anonzi akapa zita rawo kuMakomo eAtlas nemhaka yebasa rawo rinofungidzirwa mukuumba nzvimbo yacho. Zvinotendwa kuti ane simba titan Atlas akashandisa muviri wake, musana uye maoko zvakarerekera kuumba makomo nemipata yemakomo. Nzvimbo yakakwirira mumakomo eAtlas uye muNorth Africa yese inonzi Toubkal. Mumitauro yeBerber inogona kushandurirwa muchiSpanish se "Nyika inokwira pamusoro pevamwe", "iye anotenda munyika" kana "nyika inotaura".
Kubva pane geological point yekuona, Makomo eAtlas anodzokera kunzvimbo yekudhumhana pakati peAfrica neEurasian tectonic plates, iyo Zvakaitika makore 65 miriyoni apfuura. Nharaunda yeAnti-Atlas ndiyo yakatanga kuumbwa munguva yePaleozoic, semugumisiro wekuwanda kwetectonic deformation uye kudhumhana kwekondinendi. Gare gare, muMesozoic uye Cenozoic eras, mamwe makomo emakomo akamuka nekuda kweakasiyana geological phenomena. Izvi zvaisanganisira kutatamuka kwePasi, kupatsanurwa kwenyika dzakawanda, kudzvanywa kwemabheseni akambokura, uye kusimudzwa kwenyika pachayo.
Flora nemhuka dzeAtlas Mountains
Nzvimbo iyi yemakomo ine marudzi akawanda ezvinomera nemhuka. Kubva pakugwinya Kubva pamaruva emusango kusvika kumiti mirefu, zvinomera zvomunharaunda iyi zvinoyevedza kuona. Izvo zvipenyu zvinokatyamadza zvakaenzana nemhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka dzakadai seBarbary macaque, Atlas viper uye iyo iri mungozi yeBarbary deer. Makomo eAtlas iparadhiso zvechokwadi kune vanofarira zvisikwa uye biologist zvakafanana.
Mamiriro ekunze eMakomo eAtlas anoratidzirwa nemisiyano yakatanhamara. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekusangana kwemhepo mbiri dzinopikisa, imwe inotonhora uye yakanyorova kubva kuchamhembe uye inodziya uye inopisa kubva kumaodzanyemba. Nzvimbo yedunhu inosarudza rudzi rwemamiriro ekunze anoitika, kubva pakaoma uye semi-yakanyanya kuoma kusvika kune yakakwirira-yakakwirira mamiriro. Iyo Moroccan High Atlas inozivikanwa nekudonha kwayo kwechando, iyo inopedza mwedzi mitanhatu pagore. Iyo Tellian Atlas inowana kunaya kwakawanda kupfuura iyo Sub-Saharan Atlas uye iyo Anti-Atlas.
Nzvimbo yemakomo ine zvakasiyana-siyana zvebiomes uye ecosystems, kusanganisira North African Mediterranean Forest, North African Montane Forest, Mediterranean Shrub Steppe, North Saharan Steppe, High Atlas Juniper Steppe, uye Mediterranean Dry Forest uye Succulents. Muti weacacias neerguenes.
Miti yenharaunda iyi Iyo inoratidzirwa ne xerophilous uye sclerophyllous zvinomera. Pakati pemarudzi akakurumbira pane muouki weAleppo, muoki weAndalusi, hawthorn, holm oak, cork oak, African larch, esparto grass, rosemary, muorivhi, muonde, mujunipa mutema, Albar juniper. , the Aleppo pine, the pine rodeno, lupin, colleja, gum arabic, Bupleurum spinosum and Buxus balearica. Mukuwedzera, dunhu racho rine Argania spinosa, Atlas cedar, common yew, Spanish fir, Algerian fir, common juniper, black pine uye Dracaena draco.
Iri makomo imusha kune zvipenyu zvisingaperi uye zvakanyanya mungozi, kusanganisira:
- Tsoko inonzi Barbary monkey imhando yeprimate inowanikwa kuNorth Africa.
- Gwai reBarbary, rinozivikanwawo seaoudad, imhando yehwai dzesango dzinobva kuNorth Africa.
- Iyo Barbary Leopard Imhando yembada inowanikwa kuChamhembe kweAfrica. Imhuka iri munjodzi huru uye inofungidzirwa kuti vanhu mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu chete ndivo vasara musango. Barbary Leopard inozivikanwa nebhachi rayo rakasiyana, rine mavara matema. Zvisinei nekuedza kuchengetedza, huwandu hwembada idzi huri kuramba huchidzikira nekuda kwekurasikirwa nepekugara, kuvhima nezvimwe zvinoitwa nevanhu.
- The Atlas deer imhando yemhembwe dzinowanikwa kumakomo eAtlas kuNorth Africa.
- The Cuvier's gazelle imhando yemhara inowanikwa kuNorth Africa. Inoratidzwa nemuviri wayo mutete, makumbo marefu uye mavara echiso akasiyana. Mhara iyi inozivikanwa nekumhanya nekugona kwayo, iyo yainoshandisa kunzvenga zvikara munzvimbo yayo yechisikigo.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzemhando dzakakosha dzinogara mudunhu rino, kusanganisira North Africa girinhi datya, kamba nhema, nguruve yemusango, African wildcat, fennec kana fennec, caracal, crested porcupine, common weasel, genet, nyoka yakatsetseka. maodzanyemba, Forskal nyoka, iyo tsvuku tsvuku -billed nyoka, ringed chough, gora rendebvu, gondo regoridhe, gondo raBonelli, dipper, Algerian nuthatch, common sole, Tunisian shrimp, sharp-toothed catfish uye friarfish.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Atlas Makomo, maitiro ayo, geology uye magadzirirwo.