Kwete kare kare iyo Arctic Ocean yakafukidzwa zvizere nechando mukati megore rose, kusanganisira muzhizha. Munguva yechando, iwo machira echando aive akakurisa uye akapararira pamusoro pematanho epasi, pakupedzisira achifukidza Gungwa reGreenland neBering Sea. Muzhizha, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwetembiricha, iwo machira echando akadzikira, zvisinei, iyo gomo rechando rakasvika padyo padyo nemhenderekedzo.
Aya mamiriro ari kuchinja pamusoro pemakore. Nguva imwe neimwe iyo machira echando ari madiki uye kune nzvimbo shoma yechando. Chii chaizoitika dai Arctic yakange isina chando zvachose?
Kudzosera machira echando
Mamiriro ezvinhu atakazvionera kare uye neayo yatinayo iye zvino akasiyana zvachose. Nzvimbo yaive kumashure panguva iyoyo yaive nemakiromita angangoita mamirioni masere mumwedzi waGunyana, nhasi chete ane mukati memwedzi iwoyo anenge 3-4 mamirioni emakiromita. Mwedzi waGunyana ndipo panove nekudzoka kukuru kwemachando. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti ukobvu hwemachira echando hwaderedzwa nehafu. Zhizha echando rinongova chete chikamu chechina chevhoriyamu yaraive nayo mumaXNUMX.
Nekuda kwekudziya kwepasirese, iyo Arctic iri kusimudzira nyowani yayo kaviri kana katatu kumhanya kwenyika yese. Izvi zvinokonzerwa neketani yekufambisa yekupisa kubva kuequator. Iko kumhanyisa kwekudziya kweArctic kunotungamira kune chando chisina chando munguva pfupi.
Gore rega rega iro tembiricha yegore negore inonyorwa, tinoona kuti iri kupisa kupfuura yapfuura, ne2016 iri kupisa zvakanyanya kubvira pakatanga kuyerwa iko kuma1880. Kare, apo chando cheArctic chakaonekwa, pakataurwa nezve yakawanda-gore chando. Izvi zvaireva kuti chando chaionekwa chainge chaumbwa makore akati wandei zvisati zvaitika uye kuti chakagara mushure mekufamba kwemwaka. Nekuda kwemakore iyo yainge yaumbwa, ivo vaigona kusvika kumatunhu akakwirira, materu epamusoro uye makoronga makuru aidzivirira kupfuura kwevaongorori nezvikepe.
Nhasi uno angangoita mazaya echando anoonekwa ndee gore rekutanga. Ndokunge, yakaumbwa panguva yemwaka uno. Vanowanzo svika chete iri 1,5 metres gobvu uye haina zvinopfuura mashoma mashoma makombi. Ichando chinoumba mune imwe nguva yechando (uye uchifunga kuti nguva yega yega tembiricha iri pamusoro) inogona kusungunuka mukati meimwe zhizha. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kufa kwechando chando.
Mhedzisiro yekutsakatika kwechando
Yakadzikira albedo
Kubva zvatakatanga kutaura nezve kudziya kwepasi uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, tanga tichitaura nezvekunyungudika kwechando cheArctic neAntarctic. Zvakanaka, mhedzisiro yekutsakatika kwemahombekombe echando aya ivo vanoshamisa kwazvo kune nyika. Albedo ndiyo muzana yemwaranzi yezuva iyo iyo yepasi inoratidza kana kudzoka mumhepo. Zvakanaka, imwe yemhedzisiro yekutsakatika kwemachando machira kungave kudzikiswa kweiyo albedo kubva 0,6% kusvika 0,1%. Izvi zvinotungamira mukuchengetedza kukuru kwekupisa paPasi uye nekudaro, kuwedzera kwekushisa kwepasi rose.
Dambudziko nealbedo nderekuti chando chezhizha chiri kudzoka panguva iyo yakawanda mwaranzi yezuva iri kutambirwa. Kuenderera mberi kunyangarika kwechando kuri kudzora albedo kutenderera pasirese. Izvi zvinopa 25% kune yakanangana nemhedzisiro yekudziya kwepasi kunokonzerwa nevanhu. Izvo zvakare zviri kucherechedzwa kuti, sezvo chando chegungwa chinonyangarika, sinou yemahombekombe inonyungudika nekukurumidza zvakanyanya muchirimo, nekuda kwemhepo inodziya maseru anosvika kubva kugungwa rakajeka.
Kukwira kwenzvimbo dzegungwa
Mhedzisiro yechipiri yekudzoka kwemazaya echando inozivikanwa zviri nani. Zviri nezve yekukwira kwenzvimbo dzegungwa. Zhizha echando rinongova chete chikamu chechina chevhoriyamu yaraive nayo mumaXNUMX. Izvi zvinoita kuti mvura inonyungudika ifambe-fambe nemuma caps kusvika yapera mugungwa, ichiwedzera mwero wayo. IPCC nyanzvi dzakafungidzira kukwira kwenzvimbo yegungwa kweinopfuura mita imwe. Iko shanduko isingadzoreke inozove nemhedzisiro ine njodzi mumaguta emahombekombe seMiami, New York, Shanghai neVenice, pamwe nekuwedzera mafashama emafashama pamhenderekedzo dzakapetana uye dzakazara seBangladesh.
Methane chisi
Mhedzisiro yechitatu ndiyo kukurumidza kutyisidzira kuvanhu. Ndezve methane inobuda kubva mugungwa. Iyo Arctic ine yayo yega yekugadzirisa mweya iyo inoshanda sekureba kunge machira aripo pamusoro pemvura. Muzhizha, kunyangwe paine chando chidiki, tembiricha yemvura haigone kukwira pamusoro pegumi. Ndokusaka iyo yekugadzirisa mhepo system ichichengetedzwa. Zvisinei, kana chando chikanyunguduka zvachose muzhizha, mvura zhinji inogona kupisa kusvika pamadhigirii manomwe, ichitora mwaranzi yezuva (sezvo pasina chando chekuzviratidza). MuArctic, masherufu emakondinendi haana kudzika, zvekuti mwaranzi yezuva iyo inonaya mvura inosvika pasi pegungwa, ichinyungudutsa iyo permafrost yanga iriko kubvira Ice Age yekupedzisira.
Iwo sediment atinowana mune yegungwa permafrost ane yakawanda yemethane yakachengetwa, saka kunyungudika kwayo kwaizounza kuburitswa kwemakoramu makuru emethane. Methane ine greenhouse maitiro 23 kakapfuura kabhoni dhayokisaidhi, saka kuburitswa kwayo mudenga kwaizowedzera kuwedzera kudziya kwepasi. Kana iyo methane plume ikaburitsirwa mumhepo, inogona kupa kuti tembiricha yepasi rose ikwire kusvika pa0,6 degrees kukwira na2040.
Imwe njodzi huru kuhupenyu hwenyika yedu mukana wekuti kudziya kweArctic uye kutsakatika kwechando chando ndicho chikonzero che mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa atakasangana nawo mumakore matanhatu apfuura, nechando chinotonhora zvikuru kana chine dutu mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeEurope neNorth America uye kunodziya zvakanyanya mamiriro ekunze mune dzimwe nzvimbo
Jet rwizi
Ikoko kune kudanwa jeti rwizi inova ndiyo inoparadzanisa Arctic kubva kune yakaderera nzvimbo yekumhepo masasi. Huye, rwizi urwu rwejeti runononoka kupfuura nakare, nekuti mutsauko wetembiricha pakati pemvura dzenzvimbo yepasi nemvura dzeArctic dzadzikiswa. Izvo zvekuti iyo jet rwizi inononoka inobvumira yemuno mametororiyamu masisitimu echinhu chimwe kuti awedzerwe senge kusanaya kwemvura, mafashama, mafungu ekupisa, nezvimwe.. Mhedzisiro huru yekunonoka kweizvi zvirikuitika munyika dziri pakati nepakati kumativi ekuchamhembe kwenyika kune nzvimbo dzekurima dzinobereka kwazvo pasi pano. Kana izvi zvikaramba zvichiitika, kugadzirwa kwechikafu pasi rose kunogona kunge kuri munjodzi huru, zvichikonzera nzara, kukwira kwemitengo yechikafu nehondo.
Ocean conveyor bhandi
Mhedzisiro yekupedzisira yekushaikwa kwechando inogona kuve nemukana. kuvapo inononoka kutenderera kweturohohaline isingafambiswe nemhepo, asi kubva pakuparadzirwa kwekupisa uye kunaya kwemvura pamusoro pemakungwa. Kutenderera uku kunozivikanwa se bhandi rekutakura. Chaizvoizvo, ndezvechizvino zvino umo mvura zhinji inopisa inotenderera yakanangana neArctic uye sezvavanotonhora pasi vanova nemunyu uye vakafuta. Uku kuwedzera kwehuwandu kunokonzera kuti miviri yemvura inyure uye kutenderera zvakare yakananga kumativi ezasi. Kana vasvika paPacific, vanodziya zvakare uye vasina kunyanyisa, vanodzokera kumusoro. Eya, munzvimbo inonaya mitumbi yemvura nekuti inotonhora uye yakafuta, hapana chando chakaonekwa kubvira 1998. Izvi zvinoita kuti conveyor bhandi rimire kushanda, zvichikonzera kuti mvura itonhorere zvishoma. Kubatsira uko izvi zvinogona kupa ndekwekuti, pakupera kwezana ramakore, United Kingdom, Ireland, Iceland nemahombekombe eFrance neNorway (kuwedzera kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweSpain) Ivo vanongokwira 2 ° C, zvichienzaniswa neyakaipisisa 4 ° C munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika dzeEurope. Idzi inhau dzakanaka dzekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweEurope, asi kwete kunzvimbo dzinopisa dzeAmerica, nekuti kurasikirwa kwezvazvino kuchawedzera kudziya kwemvura yeAtlantic munzvimbo iyoyo uye, semhedzisiro, kusimba kwedutu.
Ramangwana risina chando
Iyi data pamusoro pemhedzisiro uye mhedzisiro yekutsakatika kwechando kwakakosha kwazvo nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati. Chekutanga ndechekuti zvinoratidza kusabatsira kwekupokana pamusoro iyo hupfumi mabhenefiti ayo anonaya aifanirwa kufambisa kutakurwa kwemakungwa uye kuongorora kwemafuta epamhenderekedzo Aya mamiriro anogona kuunzira hurumende mabhiriyoni emadhora mubatsiro. Zvisinei, mutengo wekudziya unoita kuti izvi zvigoneke unofungidzirwa mumabhirioni emadhora.
Yechipiri inoratidza kuti ramangwana rekudziya kwepasi haigone kuitwa nenzira ine mutsetseKufunga nezve chete CO2 chisi, asi tichifunga kuti kune zvakawanda zvinhu zvinopindira mukumhanyisa kwekudziya uye zvinogona kupedzisira zvichitonga iwo maitiro. Ini ndaona mhedzisiro yekudzora albedo uye kuburitsa methane kubva kumatope egungwa. Ndosaka zvichikwanisika kuti, kunyangwe isu tichideredza kuburitswa kweCO2 pasirese, iyo system haina kuita nenzira imwechete nekuti magasi ekupfumisa ari kuwedzerwa mumhepo uye huwandu hwekupisa hunofurwa neNyika huri kuwedzera.
Sezvauri kuona, kune zvakakomba mhedzisiro mukutsakatika kwechando pasi. Imwe yemhinduro dzinogoneka haisi yekudzora huwandu hweEC2 iyo inoburitswa mudenga, asi panzvimbo hunyanzvi hwekubvisa CO2 kuubvisa kubva mudenderedzwa. Zvisinei, vanhu vari kurasikirwa neimwe yezvakatipoteredza iyo nyika inoda zvakanyanya uye iyo yatinoshandisa kuva nehupenyu hwatingave nahwo nhasi.