Kusvika kwemunhu pamwedzi chaive chiitiko chenhoroondo kuvanhu vese. Izvo zvakaitwa nekuda kweiyo lunar module yeApollo 11 spacecraft. lunar module zvakatora maitiro aitsigira rwendo kubva pasi redu kuenda kusatellite yedu.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza nezve hunhu hweApollo 11 lunar module, kuti yakavakwa sei uye zvimwe zvakawanda nezve rwendo.
Hunhu hweLunar Module yeApollo 11 spacecraft
Apollo 11 Lunar Module ndicho chakabvumira Neil Armstrong naEdwin "Buzz" Aldrin kudzika pamusoro peMwedzi muna 1969. The Lunar Module, aka "Gondo", yakagadzirwa kuti izadzise basa rakakosha: kutora vazivi vemuchadenga kubva kudenderedzwa remwedzi kuenda pamusoro peMwedzi uye vozodzokera kune yekuraira spacecraft.
Iyi module yaive nezvikamu zviviri zvikuru: iyo yekudzika module uye yekukwira module. Iyo lander yaive chikamu chemodule yemwedzi yakamhara pamusoro pemwedzi. Yakanga ine conical shape uye yakanga yakashongedzwa nayo makumbo mana ekumhara aingodzikira asati amhara. Yaivawo nerampu yaipetwa kubva pamusuwo wepamberi kuti vazivi vemuchadenga vakwanise kubuda uye kufamba pamusoro pemwedzi.
Kune rimwe divi, module yekukwira yaive chikamu chemodule yemwedzi yakapatsanurwa kubva kune yekudzika module kuti itore vazivi vemuchadenga kudzokera kune yekuraira spacecraft. Yakanga yakaita secylinder uye yakashongedzerwa nemotor yekukwira yaipa kufambisa kunodiwa kusimuka kubva kuMwedzi uye kuungana nekuraira chitundumuseremusere mumhepo.
Iyo Lunar Module yakagadzirirwa kuve yakareruka sezvinobvira, asi zvakare yakasimba zvakakwana kuti imirire hutsinye hwemamiriro emwedzi. Yakanga yakagadzirwa zvakanyanya nealuminium uye titanium alloys, uye madziro emukati akafukidzwa nejira rekudzivirira kwekushisa kudzivirira vazivi venyeredzi kubva pakupisa kwakanyanya uye kutonhora.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zveLunar module yakanga iri nzira yayo yekufambisa uye nhungamiro, iyo yaibvumira vazivi vemuchadenga kuti vamhanye chaizvo pane imwe nzvimbo panzvimbo yemwedzi. Iyo sisitimu yakashandisa musanganiswa weradar nemakomputa kuverenga kumhanya kwemwedzi wemodule, urefu, uye chinzvimbo zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yemwedzi.
Mavambo emwedzi module
Pakarongwa kukunda Mwedzi, masisitimu akasiyana akagadzirwa kuti aendese vanhu kusatellite yedu yepanyama uye kudzokera kuNyika. Iyo yakasarudzwa yaive yekuti vanhu vaviri vaburuke nemodule yekumhara yemwedzi, chikamu chezasi chakagadzirirwa kuita senge padhi yekuburitsa pakubuda.
Mukufunga nzira dzekuenda kumwedzi orbital docking, Langley Research Center mainjiniya akatarisa matatu ekutanga modhi yemamodule emwedzi. Mhando nhatu dzakakurumidza kutora chimiro dzakadanwa "Simple", "Economic" uye "Luxury".
Iyo "nyore" vhezheni inoonekwa seyakavhurika-pamusoro mota inokwanisa kutsigira munhu ari muspacesuit kwemaawa anogona kurema matani maviri. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwepropellant inoshandiswa, iyo "economy" modhi, yakagadzirirwa kugarisa varume vaviri, inorema kaviri kana katatu kupfuura mienzaniso yapfuura.
Pakupedzisira, nzira yaionekwa seyakanyanya kuchengetedzeka yaive nzira ye "deluxe" yekusarudzika basa. Padanho rekukurudzira, nyanzvi dzepaGrumman, dzakahwina mukwikwidzi wekuvaka, dzakafungidzira iyo lunar lander sechinhu chine matani gumi nemaviri emagetsi akakomberedzwa ne12-ton "clockwork structure" yakavharirwa mumadziro makobvu ealuminium. Raiita kunge goko rezai.
Aive neimwe kureba kwemamita manomwe uye, nemakumbo akatambanudzwa, dhayamita ye7 m. Yakanga yakaumbwa nemirioni yamativi, zvikurukuru ma<em>transistors maduku, makiromita 40 etambo, maredhiyo maviri, midziyo ye<em>radar miviri, mamota emagetsi matanhatu, kombiyuta, uye seti yemichina yekuedza kwesayenzi pamwedzi.
Zvose izvi zvaifanira kugoverwa muzvikamu zviviri zvikuru, zvinonzi ups and downs, chimwe nechimwe chine roketi rayo.
descent module
Chaive chikamu cheApollo 11 spacecraft yakabata satellite yedu. Yakavakwa nealuminium alloy, octagonal muchimiro, makumbo mana akaturikidzana uye aive nemabhatiri, matura eokisijeni uye zvesainzi zvekushandisa kumhara uye kuramba uri pamusoro pemwedzi. Yakanga yakareba 3,22 m kusanganisira makumbo uye 4,29 m muhupamhi tisingabatanidzi makumbo.
Mawedzero ari kumagumo ema spars maviri makuru akapa rutsigiro rwegiya rekumhara. Ese ma struts airatidza ma shock absorber akaumbwa nezvinhu zvinogomara zvemuzinga kuti zvibate zvekumhara.
Giya rekumhara rekutanga raitambanudzirwa pazasi pehatch yekumberi uye rakanamirwa kune manera aishandiswa nevazivi vemuchadenga kuti vasvike kumwedzi nekukwira kumusoro. Yakawanda yehuremu nenzvimbo yedanho rekudzika yakagoverwa kumatangi mana ekufambisa uye roketi yekudzika, inokwanisa kuita 4.500 kg yekusundira.
Munguva yekusvika mishoni, injini yekudzika yakavhurwa kuti itange kudonha kwemodule yemwedzi kubva kureba kwe110 km. Pamamita angangoita 15.000 pamusoro pepamusoro, yaifanira kutangazve panguva yeimwe braking maneuver kuchengetedza lunar module ichidzika nekudzika kusvika yabata pamusoro zvishoma.
ascent module
Yakanga iri hafu yepamusoro yemodule yemwedzi, ine nzvimbo yekuraira, crew module, uye maroketi akashandiswa kuburitsa mota kubva kumwedzi. Yakanga yakareba mamita 3,75 uye yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: nzvimbo yevashandi, chikamu chepakati uye nzvimbo yemidziyo.
The crew module yakagara kumberi kweelevator, uye vazivi vemuchadenga vaigona kutarisa kunze kwemahwindo maviri ane mativi matatu. Vashandi vacho vakanga vasina zvigaro, saka vaifanira kusimuka, vakasungwa netambo dzakanga dzisina kunyanya kutetepa kuti dzisavakuvadza.
Pazasi penzira yepakati pechikamu pakanga paine maroketi aisimuka, akagadzirirwa kugadzira makirogiramu anosvika 1.600 ekusundidzira uye anokwanisa kubatidza nekubatidza zvakare. Izvi zvakaitika nekuti mwedzi hauna simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi, chikamu chimwe muzvitanhatu chePasi, haidi chizvarwa chesimba rinokurudzira rakasimba kuti rifambise chikamu chekukwira.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve lunar module yeApollo 11 spacecraft uye maitiro ayo.