Andromeda iyo giraxy yakaumbwa neyesisitimu masisitimu, guruva, uye gasi, ese ayo anokanganiswa nemagetsi. Inowanikwa makore zviuru zviviri nezviuru zviviri zvemwenje kubva paPasi uye ndiyo yega muviri wedenga unoonekwa kune ziso rakashama risiri reMilky Way. Chinyorwa chekutanga cheiyo giravhizheni chakadzokera ku2,5, apo nyanzvi yezvemuchadenga yePersia Al-Sufi akaritsanangura sekasumbu kadiki kemakore mune renyeredzi Andromeda. Zvingangodaro, vamwe vanhu vekare zvakare vakakwanisa kuzviziva.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezvazvo Andromeda renyeredzi, hunhu hwayo uye kukosha kwayo.
Mhando huru
Andromeda iri giraidhi inotenderera ine chimiro chakafanana neyedu Milky Way. Iyo yakaumbwa sedare rakatsetseka ine protrusion uye akati wandei maoko akasimba pakati. Haasi ese magaraxies ane iyi dhizaini. Hubble akacherekedza mazana acho. Mune yavo yakakurumbira tuning forogo dhizaini kana iyo Hubble kuteedzana iyo ichiri kushandiswa nanhasi, ivo vakapatsanurwa kuita ellipticals (E), lenticulars (L), uye spirals (S).
Ichowo magaraxies anotenderera akapatsanurwa kuita mapoka maviri, ayo ane epakati mabhawa uye aya asina epakati mabhawa. Chibvumirano chiripo ndechekuti yedu Milky Way inodzivirirwa giraidhi Sb. Kunyangwe isu tisingazvione kubva kunze, Andromeda iri nyore kana isina kuvharirwa giraidhi Sb, uye isu tinogona kutombozviona kubva pano.
Ngatione hunhu hwakakosha kwazvo hweAndromeda:
- Iyo ine mbiri musimboti
- Hukuru hwayo hwakaenzana neiyo yeMilky Way. Andromeda inongo kukura zvishoma zvishoma, asi iyo Milky Way ine hombe hombe uye yakasviba nyaya.
- Kune akati wandei satellite ma galaxies muAndromeda ayo anobatana zvinokwezva: elliptical dwarf galaxies: M32 uye M110 uye diki inonaya giraidhi M33.
- Iyo dhayamita ndeye 220.000 makore echiedza.
- Inopenya zvakapetwa kaviri seMilky Way uye ine nyeredzi bhiriyoni.
- Inenge 3% yesimba rinoburitswa neAndromeda iri munzvimbo infrared, nepo iyo Milky Way iyi muzana iri makumi mashanu muzana. Kazhinji kukosha uku kunoenderana nechiyero chekuumbwa kwenyeredzi, saka chakakwirira muMilky Way uye chakadzika muAndromeda.
Maitiro ekufungidzira iyo Andromeda galaxy
Iyo Messier catalog irondedzero yemitumbi yekudenga ine zana negumi kubva muna 110, iyo inodudza iro rinoonekwa renyeredzi reAndromeda muboka renyeredzi rezita rimwe seM1774. Rangarira mazita aya paunenge uchitsvaga magalakisi pamepu yedenga, sezvo achishandiswa mukushandisa kwakawanda kweastronomy pamakomputa uye nhare mbozha.
Kuti uone Andromeda, zviri nyore kutsvaga boka renyeredzi Cassiopeia kutanga, iyo ine chimiro chakasarudzika kwazvo chebhii W kana M, zvinoenderana nekuti unoitarisa sei. Cassiopeia iri nyore kuona mudenga, uye iyo Andromeda Galaxy iri pakati payo neboka renyeredzi reAndromeda. Rangarira kuti kuti uone Milky Way neziso rakashama, denga rinofanira kunge rakasviba uye hapana magetsi ekugadzira padyo. Nekudaro, kunyangwe pahusiku hwakajeka, iyo Milky Way inogona kuoneka kubva kumaguta ane vanhu vazhinji, asi zvakadaro rubatsiro rwema binoculars runodiwa. Muzviitiko izvi, denderedzwa jena jena richaonekwa munzvimbo yakatarwa.
Uchishandisa teresikopu unogona kusiyanisa rumwe ruzivo rweyeredzi uye zvakare unogona kuwana ayo maviri madiki shamwari garaxies.
Nguva yakanakisa yegore yekuzviona ndeiyi:
- Maodzanyemba eNyika: Kunyangwe kuoneka kuri kwakaderera mukati megore, mwedzi yakanakisa ndiAugust naSeptember.
- Maodzanyemba hemisphere: pakati paGumiguru naDecember.
- Chekupedzisira, zvinokurudzirwa kuti uone panguva mwedzi mutsva, chengetedza denga rakasviba uye pfeka zvipfeko zvakakodzera zvemwaka.
Maumbirwo uye mavambo eiyo Andromeda galaxy
Chimiro cheAndromeda chakangofanana neicho cheye ese magaraxies emhepo:
- Yenyukireya nucleus ine supermassive nhema gomba mukati.
- Iyo girobhu rakatenderedza nucleus uye izere nenyeredzi iri kufambira mberi mukushanduka.
- Dhisiki rezvinhu zveststellar.
- Iyo halo, nzvimbo hombe inopararira iyo yakakomberedza chimiro chakatumidzwa zita, inosangana neiyo halo yeiyo yakavakidzana Milky Way.
Iwo magaraxies akatanga mune echinyakare protogalaxies kana gasi makore, uye akarongeka mukati nhambo pfupi yenguva mushure meBig Bang, uye Big Bang ndiyo yakasika zvinhu zvese. Munguva yeBig Bang, zvinhu zvakareruka hydrogen uye helium zvakaumbwa. Nenzira iyi, yekutanga proto-giraidhi inofanirwa kuve inoumbwa nezvinhu izvi.
Pakutanga, nyaya inogoverwa zvakaenzana, asi pane dzimwe nzvimbo inounganidza zvishoma pane dzimwe. Kupi iyo density iri pamusoro, giravhiti inotanga kuita uye inokonzeresa zvimwe zvinhu kuunganidza. Nekufamba kwenguva, iko kunonoka kunogadzira protogalaxies. Andromeda inogona kunge iri mhedzisiro yekubatanidzwa kwema protogalaxies akati wandei akaitika makore angangoita gumi bhiriyoni apfuura.
Tichifunga kuti makore anofungidzirwa epasi rese ane makore 13.700 bhiriyoni, Andromeda yakaumbwa nguva pfupi yapfuura Big Bang, seye Milky Way. Munguva yekuvapo kwayo, Andromeda yakatora mamwe ma protogalaxies uye magaraxies, achiibatsira kuti iumbe fomu yazvino. Pamusoro pezvo, mwero wadzo wekugadzira nyeredzi wachinjawo nekufamba kwenguva, nekuti iwo mwero wekuumbwa kwenyeredzi unowedzera panguva dzenzira idzi.
Cepheids
Cepheid akasiyana nyeredzi dzinopenya zvikuru, dzinopenya kupfuura zuva, saka vanogona kuonekwa kunyangwe kubva kure kure. Polaris kana Pole Star muenzaniso weCepheid nyeredzi dzakasiyana. Hunhu hwavo ndewekuti vanozowedzerwa nguva nenguva uye kudzvanywa, panguva iyo kupenya kwavo kunowedzera nguva uye kuderera. Ndosaka vachidaidzwa kuti nyeredzi dzinopururudza.
Kana mwenje miviri yakajeka yakajeka ikaonekwa kure kure nehusiku, inogona kunge iine kupenya kwakafanana kwechisikigo, asi chimwe chemwenje mwenje chingavewo chisina kupenya uye padhuze, saka chinotaridzika zvakafanana.
Iko kukura kweyeredzi senyeredzi kune hukama nekupenya kwayo: zviri pachena kuti hukuru hukuru, ndiko kuwedzera kubwinya. Pane kupesana, musiyano uripo pakati pehukuru hwakajeka uye hukuru hwemukati hune hukama nedaro kunobva tsime.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve iyo Andromeda galaxy uye ayo maitiro.