Stephen Hawking, Yuri Milner naMark Zuckerberg vanotungamira bhodhi revatungamiriri vechirongwa chitsva chinodaidzwa kuti Breakthrough Starshot, iyo tekinoroji inogona rimwe zuva kushandiswa kusvika kune nyeredzi yakavakidzana nePasi. Alpha Centauri. Pamwe chete nekuve chinangwa "chiri nyore", sezvo iri imwe yenyeredzi dziri pedyo nezuva, vezvenyeredzi vanga vachitarisa vavakidzani vedu venyeredzi kuti vagone kuita sePasi. Alpha Centauri ndiye nyeredzi yedu yepedyo, asi kana tichitaura nezvechadenga, haisi pedyo kudaro. Inopfuura 4 light-years kure, kana 25 bhiriyoni mamaira. Dambudziko nderekuti kufamba muchadenga, sezvatinozviziva, kunonoka. Kudai chitundumuseremusere chiri kumhanya zvikurusa cheVoyager chakasiya pasi redu chiri pamakiromita 11 pasekondi apo vanhu vakatanga kubva muAfrica, chingadai chasvika kuAlpha Centauri pari zvino.
Muchinyorwa chino tinokuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve Alpha Centauri, maitiro ayo uye kukosha kwayo.
Alpha Centauri system
Ndiyo nyeredzi iri pedyo nezuva uye inongoonekwa kuzasi kwehemisphere. Ndiyo nyeredzi yechitatu kupenya paPasi uye ine nyeredzi dzakawanda dzinotaridzika sechinhu chimwe chechiedza. Vavakidzani venyeredzi vepedyo kune zuva nyeredzi nhatu muAlpha Centauri system.
Nyeredzi mbiri huru ndiAlpha Centauri A uye B, iyo inoumba bhinary pair. Iwo avhareji yemakore 4,3 echiedza kubva paNyika.. Nyeredzi yechitatu ndiProxima Centauri. Alpha Centauri A uye B vanosangana makore makumi masere ega ega mune yakajairwa barycentric orbit. Avhareji yenhambwe pakati padzo ingangoita gumi nerimwe mayuniti emuchadenga (AU kana AU), anenge nhambwe imwe chete yatinowana pakati peZuva neUranus. Proxima Centauri chikamu chechishanu chechiedza-gore kana 80 11 AU kubva kune dzimwe nyeredzi mbiri, chinhambwe chine vamwe vazivi venyeredzi vanobvunza kuti chinofanira kutorwa sechikamu chehurongwa humwe chete.
Alpha Centauri A inyeredzi yechina inopenya zvakanyanya sezvinoonekwa kubva kuPasi, asi chiedza chakabatanidzwa chinobva kuAlpha Centauri A naB chakati kurei zvishoma, saka mupfungwa iyoyo ndiyo nyeredzi yechitatu inopenya zvikuru inoonekwa mudenga rePasi. Nyeredzi yeyero Alpha Centauri A imhando imwe chete yenyeredzi sezuva redu, asi yakati kurei zvishoma. Nekuda kwekuva pedyo kwayo nePasi, inoratidzika kunge yakajeka mudenga redu. Kupisa kwayo kwepamusoro madhigirii mashoma Kelvin inotonhorera kupfuura yeZuva redu, asi dhayamita yaro yakakura uye nzvimbo yese yepasi inoita kuti iwedzere kupenya kakapetwa ka1,6 pane Zuva.
Iyo diki nhengo yehurongwa, iyo orange Alpha Centauri B, idiki zvishoma pane zuva redu uye ine spectral mhando yeK2. Nekuda kwekutonhorera kwayo uye hafu yekupenya kweZuva chete, Alpha Centauri B ichapenya yega seyenyeredzi yechi21 inopenya kupfuura mamwe mudenga. Vaviri ava ndiwo mativi akajeka zvikuru egadziriro, anotenderera achitenderedza muzinda wakafanana wesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi pamakore makumi masere oga oga. Matenderedzwa acho ane elliptical zvakanyanya, neavhareji yenhambwe pakati penyeredzi mbiri ichisvika gumi nerimwe AU, kana kuti Earth-Zuva chinhambwe.
Nzvimbo uye nyeredzi dzeAlpha Centauri
Iyi nyeredzi ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzenyeredzi dziri pedyo kuzuva, makore angangoita 4,37 chiedza kubva kuzuva, izvo zvakaenzana ne41.300 mamiriyoni emakiromita.
Nyeredzi dzinoumba Alpha Centauri ndedzitatu:
- Proxima Centauri: nyeredzi iyi inopisa mafuta zvishoma nezvishoma, saka inogona kuvapo kwenguva refu. Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2016, kuwanikwa kwepasi rakakura sePasi rinotenderera nzvimbo inogarwa yakatenderedza Proxima Centauri, iyo inonzi Proxima b, yakaziviswa. Proxima Centauri akawanikwa muna 1915 nemuongorori wenyeredzi wekuScotland Robert Innes.
- Alpha Centauri A: Nyeredzi yeOrenji yeK iyo ndeyebinary star system. Inopenya, yakakura, uye inofungidzirwa kuti yakakura kudarika zuva. Inotsanangurwa seyellow dwarf. Iine kutenderera kwemazuva makumi maviri nemaviri.
- Alpha Centauri B: Inyenyedzi yakada kufanana nenyeredzi yedu huru, Zuva, yerudzi rweG, uye inotenderera mukutenderera kweanenge makore makumi masere. Zvinotendwa kuti akaberekwa panguva imwe chete naA.
Masayendisiti nevanoongorora nyeredzi vakawana humbowo hunopesana hwekuvapo kwemapuraneti maviri akabatana nePasi muAlpha Centauri. Zvakawanikwa zvakabatana zvakanyanya nekuwanikwa kwe exoplanet Alpha Centauri B muna 2012. Nyika ino ine zvinhu zvakafanana nePasi. Kuvapo kwemaexoplanets kunotiudza kuti panofanira kuva nemamwe mapuraneti anotenderera muhurongwa humwe chete.
Pangava noupenyu here?
Iko kugona kwegadziriro ino kugashira nyika dzine hupenyu kwagara kuchishamisa masayendisiti, asi anozivikanwa exoplanets haana kumbobvira awanikwa ipapo, murutivi nemhaka yokuti kwave pedyo zvikuru kuti vazivi venyeredzi vaone zvinhu zvemapuraneti munharaunda yacho. Asi mubepa rakaburitswa neChitatu muNature Communications, chikwata chepasi rose chevazivi venyeredzi chakaratidza siginicha inopenya yekufungidzira kwenzvimbo inogarwa neAlpha Centauri A, nekuda kweEuropean Southern Observatory's (ESO) Very Large Telescope. Chili.
Chiratidzo chakawanikwa sechikamu cheAlpha Center Regional Near-Earth (NEAR) chirongwa, icho chakapihwa neESO uye Breakthrough Observing Astronomy Initiative. nechipo chinosvika 2,8 miriyoni euros. Iyo yekupedzisira, inotsigirwa neRussian billionaire Yuri Milner, inotsvaga mapuraneti ane matombo, hukuru hwePasi akatenderedza Alpha Centauri uye mamwe masisitimu enyeredzi mukati memakore makumi maviri echiedza kubva kwatiri.
PEDYO inogonesa kukwidziridzwa kwakati wandei kune teresikopu yekuChile, kusanganisira inopisa chronograph, inovhara nyeredzi uye inotarisa masiginecha ekupisa kubva kuzvinhu zvepuraneti sezvazvinotaridza nyeredzi. Mushure mekuongorora 100 maawa edata, akawana zvikwangwani zvakatenderedza Alpha Centauri A.
Nyika iri kutaurwa haina kutombodudzwa nezita, kana kuti kuvapo kwayo hakuna kusimbiswa. Mucherechedzo mutsva unoratidza kuti inenge saizi yeNeptune, zvinoreva kuti hatisi kutaura nezvenyika yakaita sePasi, asi kuti ibhora hombe regasi rinopisa rakapetwa kashanu pane Nyika. Munyaya yekufungidzira kuti ine hupenyu, yaigona kuoneka muchimiro chetupukanana twakarembera mumakore. Chiratidzo chacho chinogonawo kukonzerwa nechimwe chinhu, chakadai segore reguruva rinopisa remucosmic, zvinhu zviri kure zviri kumashure, kana mafotoni akarasika.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Alpha Centauri uye maitiro ayo.