Al-khwarizmi

Mumwe wevarume vakapa zvakawanda kusainzi muMuslim anonzi Mohammed Ibn Musa abu Djafar Al-Khwarizmi. Uyu murume aive nyanzvi yemasvomhu, nyanzvi yekuongorora nyeredzi uye geographer uye anogona kunge akazvarwa muguta rePersia reKhwarizm. Iri guta riri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAral Sea uye rakanga rakundwa makore makumi manomwe risati razvarwa nemaArabu. Zita raAl-Khwarizmi rinoreva Mwanakomana waMosesi.

Muchikamu chino tichaudza iwe nezve zvese zvinoitwa uye zvakawanikwa zve Al-khwarizmi pamwe nehupenyu hwake.

Biography

Akazvarwa muna 780. Muna 820 akadaidzwa kuBaghdad (izvo zvatinoziva manje seIraq) naAbbasid Caliph Al Mamun. Uyu murume aizivikanwa kune wese munhu nekutenda ku "Arabian Nights." Imba yeUchenjeri yakavakwa kuti ifumise sainzi uye zvimwe zvikoro zvesainzi zvakagadzirwa zvakare. Mamwe emabasa akakosha efilosofi akashandurirwa muchiArabic. Aya maAccademy aivewo nemaaccultion nzvimbo dzekuongorora.

Yese iyi nharaunda yesainzi netsika nemagariro yakaita kuti kudzidza kwaAl-Khwarizmi kuve nekubudirira zvakanyanya. Pakupedzisira akafunga kupa zvese zvaakabata kuAlgebra uye nyeredzi. Sarudzo idzi dzaive nemhedzisiro yakakosha mukusimudzira kwesainzi muEurope, kunyanya kuburikidza neSpain.

Akafamba kuburikidza neAfghanistan, maodzanyemba eRussia, neByzantium. Kune vanhu vazhinji, aionekwa semudzidzi akanakisa wemasvomhu panguva yake. Uye ndeyekuti masvomhu chinhu chakagadzirwa nemunhu. Naizvozvo, kunyangwe hazvo zvichiomera munhu wese, hazvigone kuomarara kupfuura kunzwisisa kwevanhu, nekuti zvakagadzirwa nesu. Nedzidziso iyoyo, Al-Khwarizmi akakwanisa kushanda mumathematics nehunyanzvi hukuru.

Akafira muBaghdad makore akapoteredza 850 AD. Akarangarirwa semumwe weakanakisa masvomhu munhoroondo yese.

Al-Khwarizmi Anoshanda

Akagadzira gumi nemabasa uye angangoita ese anozivikanwa zvese zvisina kunangana uye kuburikidza neshanduro dzakazoitwa muchiLatin. Pane mamwe emabasa ake, zita chete ndiro rinozivikanwa uye mamwe ese akashandurwa akaitwa muToledo. Uyu musayendisiti akange akazvipira kunyora ruzivo rwese rwakakosha rwevaGiriki nevaHindu. Ainyanya kuve akazvipira kumathematics, asi zvakare akatendeukira kune nyeredzi, jogirafi, nhoroondo, uye kunyange nyeredzi.

Iwe unofanirwa kufunga kuti panguva ino sainzi yakanga isina kunyatso kuvandudzwa. Munhu anogona kushandisa yakawanda nguva pazvinhu zvakasiyana uye nekugona kufambira mberi mazviri. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti pakanga pasina ruzivo rwakawanda kana hunyanzvi. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei munhu achigona kunyatsoita tsika nemagariro muzvidzidzo zvakasiyana. Nhasi kune ruzivo rwakawanda pane yega yega nyaya. Unogona kushandisa nguva pane imwe nyaya kana imwe. Asi kana iwe uchinyatsoda kuve nyanzvi mune vamwe, haugone kutarisa pane akati wandei panguva imwe chete, nekuti unenge usina nguva yekuziva zvese nezvazvo. Kupfuura chero chinhu, nekuti zvidzidzo zvitsva nezvakawanikwa zvinobuda zuva rega rega uye unofanirwa kugara uchizvivandudza.

Basa rake raizivikanwa kupfuura mamwe ese uye akanyanya kushandiswa aive maAstronomical Tables. Aya matafura aive akavakirwa pazivo iyo maHindu aive awana uye yavakange vatapa ipapo. Aya matafura anosanganisira algorithms anoshandiswa kuverenga mazuva uye mamwe trigonometric mabasa senge sine uye iyo cotangent.

Kubva pamasvomhu ake, chete muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX Latin yakachengetedzwa. Iri basa rinotsanangura zvakanyanya iyo yose yechiHindu system ye base-10 mamiriro ekufungidzira. Kutenda neiyi nzira yekuverenga iwe unogona kuziva nzira dzakawanda dzekuverenga kuti uwane zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Izvo zvinozivikanwawo kuti paive nenzira yakashanda yekuwana mativi emidzi, kunyangwe isingaoneke mune ino Latin kuchengetedza.

Bhuku reAlgebra

Zvaakawana mune masvomhu zvaive zvakakosha kuti akwanise kuunza enumulation masisitimu munyika yeArabhu uye, gare gare, muEurope yose. Aya masisitimu aburukira kwatiri kuburikidza nemaArabu uye isu tinofanirwa kuidaidza kuti Indo-ChiArabic, nekuti aive akavakirwa pazivo yevaHindu. Iyi system ndeye wekutanga akatanga kushandisa zero seimwe nhamba.

Rondedzero yake paalgebra isumo inowirirana ye Calculus. Muchibvumirano ichi unogona kuona kuti mimwe mitemo inoshandiswa sei kupedzisa equation. Izvo zvinodawo kudzikiswa kuti zvive nyore uye zvigone kuzvigadzirisa. Kunyangwe iyo math ichiomarara, ichiri sainzi iyo yatinogara tichiedza kutsvaga yakapusa nzira. Mafomula anowanzo deredzwa zvakadzika sezvinobvira kuitira kuti vagone kuvimbisa dhata remhando yepamusoro nekunyatsoita asi pasina kuita kuwanda kwakanyanya.

Muchinyorwa chake chealgebra, akabatsirawo kugadzirisa zvese zvisarudzo zvequadratic equations. Aya maequation anoonekwawo mumajometri, mune ekutengesa kuverenga uye nenhaka, saka aibatsira kwazvo panguva yacho. Bhuku rekare raAl-Khwarizmi raizivikanwa nezita rekuti Kitab al-jabr wa'l-muqabala uye ndiyo inopa mavambo uye zvinoreva izwi rekuti algebra.

Aya mazwi akashevedzwa kuti anzwisise mazwi akashandiswa mune zvisina kunaka uye zvakanaka coefficients ezvese zvinozivikanwa kuverenga. Rakashandurwa muchiSpanish, zita rebasa raigona kunzi "Bhuku rekudzorera uye kuenzanisa" kana "Unyanzvi hwekugadzirisa zviyero."

Bata nezve nyeredzi uye shanda pajogirafi

Kune rimwe divi, Al-Khwarizmi akaitawo chinyorwa cheAastronomy. Shanduro mbiri dzechiLatin chete dzakachengetedzwa. Muchiitiko ichi munhu aigona kufungidzira zvidzidzo zvemakarenda uye nzvimbo chaidzo dzeZuva, mwedzi nemapuraneti. Matafura ezvitadzo uye tangents akaiswa kune idenderedzwa nyeredzi. Tinogona zvakare kuwana mune ino chinyorwa matafura ekuongorora nyeredzi, kuverenga kweparallax uye kuora kwemwedzi uye kuoneka kwemwedzi.

Iye akazvipirawo muchidimbu kune jogirafi, kwaakaita basa rakanzi Kitab Surat-al-Ard. Mune basa iri iwe unogona kuona kuti anoruramisa sei Ptolemy mune zvese zvine chekuita ne Africa neEast. Akaita runyorwa rwekureba uye kureba kwemaguta, makomo, nzizi, zvitsuwa, dzakasiyana nzvimbo, uye kunyangwe makungwa. Iyi data yakashandiswa se hwaro hwekugadzira mepu yenyika iyo yaizivikanwa panguva iyoyo.

Sezvauri kuona, Al-Khwarizmi akaita zvakakosha mupasi resainzi uye, nhasi, kune akawanda mashandisiro atinawo mune masvomhu kumutenda.