Kusiyana neNorth Pole, Antarctica inyika ine matombo yakafukidzwa nemazaya echando makuru. Heano ma Transantarctic makomo uye vanozivikanwa zvakanyanya. Iyo yakasarudzika yakasarudzika magadzirirwo ayo anodimbura kuburikidza nekondinendi yeAntarctica uye anoigovanisa muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvisina kukwana. Inozivikanwa nekuve nematombo akawanda makomo nemipata uye yakapfuma kwazvo kune zvisaririra zvekuratidzira. Kutenda kumakomo aya zvave zvichikwanisika kuwedzera ruzivo rwakawanda muminda senge paleontology.
Naizvozvo, isu tichaisa iyi chinyorwa kukuudza zvese hunhu uye kukosha kwemakomo eTransantarctic.
Mhando huru
Sezvo hupfumi hwezvikomo zvemakomo aya hwakanyanya kukwirira, inozivikanwa nevanoongorora vakawanda sediyamu reDinosaur. Iwo maTransantarctic Makomo akatanga kuratidzwa pamepu nerwendo rwe muongorori weBritish anozivikanwa nezita rekuti James Ross mugore ra1841. Nekudaro, nekuda kwetekinoroji yakashomeka panguva iyoyo yekugona kurarama munzvimbo dzakaomarara idzi, paive nemamwe matambudziko kusvika kutsoka dzemakomo epamusoro.
Gare gare muna 1908 vaongorori vakati vakaita rwendo rwekuyambuka gomo mukati merwendo rurefu. Vafambi ava vaive Scott, Shackleton, uye Amundsen. Kutenda nerwendo urwu, kudzidza kwakanyatso chenjera kwemakomo eTransantarctic kunogona kugadzirwa. Zvakare mumashure megore ra1947, rwendo rwakakosha rwunonzi kukwirisa kwakarongeka uye ivo vakakwanisa kuburitsa zvakakwana mepu dzedunhu nedata rese rakawanikwa Kuti uwane ruzivo rwese urwu nezve morphology yemakomo, kuongororwa kwakasiyana kwenzvimbo kwakaitwa mundege.
Iwo maTransantarctic Makomo ari maitiro emakomo emakomo akaumbwa kubva kumatombo. Ivo vanotambanudza kwemamirioni zviuru zvemakiromita kubva kuGweddell Gungwa kuenda kune nyika yeJasi. Parizvino inoonekwa segomo refu kwazvo munyika. Kunyangwe munzira yakakurumbira Antarctica iri kondinendi ine chando, chimwe chinhu chiri chechokwadi, pane dombo pasi pechikamu chechando. Kunzvimbo yekuchamhembe hakuna dombo rakaumbwa, saka kunyungudika kwechando chekapu kunogadzira gungwa rakazara. Panyaya yekunyungudika kwechando chemvura yechando cheAntarctica, zvaizounza kukwira kwemwero wegungwa, nekuti yese iyo mvura haisi kutora nzvimbo mugungwa.
Nyanzvi dzejogirafi dzinoona iro gomo semutsetse wakajairika unoparadzanisa kumabvazuva nekumadokero Antarctica pa chinhambwe chemakiromita mazana mana nemakumi masere kubva pamatombo ese epasi.
Geology yeTransantarctic Makomo
Kutenda kune dzakawanda zvidzidzo uye neruzivo izvo zvakapihwa nemakomo eTransantarctic, chazove chirevo chekudzidza kwezvisaririra. Bazi resainzi rinozivikanwa se paleontology yakasimbiswa neruzivo rukuru nekuda kwemakomo eTransantarctic. Mupfungwa yejogirafi, makomo aya akaonekwa senzvimbo yakakosha yekubuda kwepasi pamusoro.
Kwayakabva yakadzokera kune inoshanda seismic chiitiko kweanosvika mamirioni makumi matanhatu nemashanu emakore. Mimwe mitsara iri mukati memiganhu yeAntarctica ndeyezvakanyanya kuitika mavambo. Nzvimbo yepamusoro yemakomo eTransantarctic inosvika pakureba kwemamita 4.528 pamusoro pegungwa. Apa ndipo panowanikwa huwandu hwepamusoro hwezvisaririra papasi. Makumi emamirioni emakore zvave zvichikwanisika kuchengetedza huwandu uhu hwezvisaririra mumamiriro ekunze mune akakodzera mamiriro ekuchengetedza kwavo.
Kunyangwe munguva dzakapfuura Antarctica yaive yakapfuma muhupenyu, nhasi yakafukidzwa nechando. Makumi emamirioni emakore apfuura paive nemamiriro ekunze mune akakwana mamiriro ekusimudzira zvipenyu, izvo zvinotsanangura huwandu hwezvisaririra zvinoramba zviripo mumakomo aya.
Chokwadi chinonakidza nezveTransantarctic makomo
Tiri kuenda kunoona kuti ndeipi data hombe rekufarira iro rakatorwa kubva kuzvidzidzo zvakasiyana zvemakomo eTransantarctic. Pakati pezana ramakore rapfuura, kupatsanurwa kwechando chikuru kwazvo kwati kwambonyorwa nevatsvakurudzi kunogona kuonekwa. Uye zviri kuti tembiricha yepasirese yepasi rose iri kukwira kubva pakuchinja kwemaindasitiri kwevanhu. Pamusoro peiyi glacier makiromita 31.080, chero chii chiri mundima yeimwe nyika dzeEurope.
Kunyanya, inofungidzirwa seimwe yenzvimbo dzinopisa pasi pano uko kwave kusina kunaya kweanopfuura mamirioni maviri emakore. MuSierra Vista chikamu cheMakomo eTransantarctic anonzi Taylor Valley. Heino mapopoma emvura apo hova dzinoyerera dzichidzika dzoshanduka kuita ruvara nemumvuri weropa tsvuku. Vamwe vaongorori vanotsanangura ichi chiitiko uye zvinokonzerwa nekuzadza kwemvura inogadzirwa neanaerobic bacteria. Anaerobic bacteria ndeavo vanogara mukushayikwa kwe oxygen uye vasingade kurarama.
Mukuumbwa kwechikamu chepamusoro soro cheKirk-Patrick ridge, zvakasara zve dinosaur zvine mapapiro zvakawanikwa. Sezvatakambotaura, makumi emamirioni emakore apfuura, Antarctica yaive nzvimbo inogarwa zvizere nemhando dzakasiyana dzedinosaurs. Izvo zviyero zveaya makuru mafuru emakungu haana kuenzaniswa. Izvo zvave zvakare zvichikwanisika kutora mafossil ezvidiki zvinodya dinosaurs senge Cryolophosaurus.
Imwe yenzvimbo dzakanyanyisa pakadzika kweTransantarctic Mountains ndiCape Adair. Nekuda kwetembiricha yakadzika kwazvo inoitika mudunhu rese, zvisaririra zvakachengetedzwa zvakanaka kwazvo. Aya mamiriro akakwana kuti vanhu varambe vachifambira mberi mukudzidza kweakabva uye shanduko yezvinhu zvipenyu kusvika nhasi uno.
CONCLUSIONS
Iwo maTransantarctic Makomo anoramba ari imwe yenzvimbo dzisinga nyatso kuongororwa pasi nhasi. Ramba uchifunga kuti ihwo hunhu hwakaumbwa ne kure kure nemhando ipi neipi yebudiriro uye uko kune yakaoma mamiriro ekunze kuti urarame. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo ridge runako runako kuyeuchidza kwenzvimbo kubva kune mamwe mapuraneti.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezveTransantarctic makomo uye maitiro avo.