Strait yeGibraltar

El Strait yeGibraltar Ndirwo ruoko rwegungwa runoparadzanisa Africa neEurope uye inobatanidza mvura dzeAtlantic neMediterranean. Inowanikwawo munzvimbo yekukanganisa pakati peEurasian neAfrica tectonic mahwendefa. Hune hukuru hukuru hwehupfumi nehove. Munhau yose yave ichizivikanwa zvikuru.

Nechikonzero ichi, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze nezve ese maitiro uye kukosha kweiyo Strait yeGibraltar.

Mhando huru

Hudzamu hwepamusoro hweStrait yeGibraltar hunosvika makumi mapfumbamwe emamita. Chinhambwe chiri pakati pemapoinzi maviri ari padyo pamativi ese emutsetse (Punta de Oliveros kuSpain nePunta Cires kuMorocco) i14,4 km.

Iri zita razvino re strait rinoreva Dombo reGibraltar, riri paIberian Peninsula, kunyangwe iri pasi pehutongi hweBritain. Izwi rekuti Gibraltar rinobva pazita rechiArab rekuti Djebel Tariq, zvinoreva kuti "Tariq Mountain", zita remutungamiri wechiMuslim akatungamira kukunda kwepeninsula muna 711 AD.

Munguva dzekare, nzvimbo iyi yaizivikanwa se "Mbiru yeHercules" uye yakaratidza miganhu yenyika yaizivikanwa nevaGiriki vekare. Mbiru yeKumaodzanyemba inozivikanwa seDombo reGibraltar (426 m), nepo South Shongwe inogona kunge iri Gomo reJacho (204 m) muCeuta (Spain) kana Mount Moussa (851 m) kuMorocco.

Kune nyika nhatu dzinotonga nzvimbo yestrait: Spain, iyo inogara kumhenderekedzo yekuchamhembe, ine enclave yeCeuta pamhenderekedzo yekumaodzanyemba; Morocco, iyo inodzora mahombekombe ekumaodzanyemba, uye United Kingdom, iyo ine dunhu reGibraltar pamhenderekedzo yekuchamhembe.

Mamiriro ekunze eStrait yeGibraltar

Iyo geographical pateni yeStrait yeGibraltar inosarudza zvimwe zvemamiriro ayo emamiriro ekunze. Zvinoenderana nechikamu cheKöppen, nzvimbo iyi ine mamiriro ekunze anopisa (Csa), anoonekwa nekupisa uye kunaya kwemvura shoma, kunyanya kumahombekombe ekumaodzanyemba (pakati pe500 ne700 mm pagore).

Avhareji tembiricha munguva yechando iri pakati pe8ºC ne12ºC, nepo muzhizha kunenge kuri 25-28ºC. Kurongeka kwezvidziviriro kunobatsira kutungamirira mhepo kudivi rekumabvazuva-kumadokero, iyo inogona kuvhuvhuta mune imwe nzira kana imwe. Pakati pepakati peStrait of Gibraltar, mhepo idzi dzinogona kusvika 40 kusvika ku50 mapfundo. Ikozvino yakasimba kwazvo. Pamusoro vanoyerera kubva kuAtlantic kuenda kuMediterranean, nepo mumvura yakadzika iyo inopesana inoitika.

Nhoroondo, Strait yeGibraltar yakave nekukosha kukuru uye kwekutengeserana uye richiripo nanhasi. Senzvimbo yekufambisa pakati peGungwa reMediterranean neAtlantic Ocean, Strait yeGibraltar ndiyo imwe yenzira dzakabatikana zvikuru dzekutakura munyika, pamwe chete neSuez Canal, Strait yeHormuz, Panama Canal uye Strait yeMalacca. Nzira yekuchamhembe-maodzanyemba yakakoshawo, ndiko kuti, kufamba kwemugungwa pakati peEurope neAfrica. Zviteshi zvakakosha ndezvi:

• KuNorth Slope: Gibraltar (United Kingdom), Algeciras neTarifa (Spain).
• Kumaodzanyemba materu: Ceuta (Spain), Tangier neMediterranean Tangier (Morocco).

Pamusoro peizvi, Strait yeGibraltar ndiyo imwe yenzira dzinokosha dzekupinda nekubuda kwevanhu munyika zvisiri pamutemo muEurope, uye nekudaro imwe yeinonyanya kutaurwa nezvayo.

Geography uye geology yeStrait yeGibraltar

Icho chivharo chechisikigo pakati penyika mbiri: Spain neMorocco; pakati pemakondinendi maviri: Europe neAfrica; pakati pemakungwa maviri: Mediterranean neAtlantic; pakati pezvitendero zviviri: chiKristu nechiMuslim; pakati petsika mbiri: Kumadokero neKumabvazuva. Kunyangwe geologically, iyo strait inomiririra kutsemuka mumahwendefa maviri etectonic: ndiro yeEurasian uye ndiro yeAfrica. Kudzika kwepakati pe strait ndeye 1400 mamita. Hapana kwese pasi pano kune musiyano wakawanda zvakadaro mufambo pfupi kudaro.

nenzvimbo, nzira inotangira kumadokero pakati peCape Trafalgar neCape Spartel, uye yakaganhurwa kumabvazuva neDombo reGibraltar neGomo reHacho de Ceuta. MuRibera Norte, guta reGibraltar uye kumaodzanyemba kwedunhu reCádiz richatsanangurwa, pamwe nematunhu eCampo de Gibraltar neLajanda, uye Cádiz ichanzi guta guru repurovhinzi.

Kumaodzanyemba isu tichatsanangura maneja eCeuta neTangier-Tetouan kuchamhembe kwenharaunda yeMoroccan, pamwe neFnideq-Mdiq, Anyera, Fash Beni Maqada, Tangier-Asilah uye dunhu reTetouan, vachitaura Lalash naJon, kunyangwe iri kure nenzvimbo, ine zvakawanda zvekuita nestrait.

The Strait of Gibraltar, iyo inoparadzanisa Europe kubva kuAfrica, Inongodarika makiromita gumi, kureba zvishoma pane Mount Everest, iyo inenge makiromita mapfumbamwe pamusoro pemwero wegungwa. Apa ndipo pakakwirira panobhururuka vatyairi vendege nekudaro ndiyo nzvimbo iri kure kure nenyika yevanhu vazhinji. Sezvatinoziva tose, Mount Everest ndiyo nzvimbo yakakwirira kupfuura dzose pasi pano, kunyange zvazvo risiri gomo rakakwirira zvikurusa. MuHawaii, summit yeMauna Loa inokwira anenge makiromita mana pamusoro pegungwa, asi materu ayo anonyura pasi pegungwa nehurefu hwakazara hwemakiromita gumi.

Rubatsiro, maruva nemhuka

Strait yeGibraltar inzvimbo ine mamiriro ekunze akasarudzika, ayo anotambanuka kupfuura makumi emakiromita. Iyo mitsipa inotungamira mhepo munzira mbiri dzakasiyana: kumadokero nekumabvazuva, ndiko kuti, kuderera kwemhepo kana zvinopesana. mhanyisa zvechisimba, kurova 40 uye 50 mapfundo pedyo nematombo. Nekudaro, inogona kana kusave yakasununguka pamberi kana mushure memakiromita makumi maviri. Kuyambuka gwara harina hunyanzvi, asi vashandi vanofanirwa kufungidzira kushanduka kwakangoerekana kwaita mhepo kuitira kuti vasarasikirwa nenguva.

Iyo ine mugwagwa wepamusoro-soro muEurope pa3.478 metres pamusoro pegungwa uye Guadalquivir Valley (zvinoreva mupata mukuru muchiArab), rwizi runoyerera ruchibva kumabvazuva kuenda kumadokero, uko maguta eSeville neCórdoba anosangana.

Iyo stuary ndiyo paki yakakura yakachengetedzwa muEurope (Doñana), kwaunogona kuyemura mienzaniso yekupedzisira yeIberian lynx, gondo regoridhe, mhembwe, nguruve yemusango uye shiri dzisingaverengeki dzehukuru hwakasiyana pakutama kwadzo kubva kuAfrica kuenda kuEurope. Vanogara mupaki panguva yekushanya.

Chimiro chefaniro cheStrait of Gibraltar uye mahombekombe egungwa kumativi ose eStrait anowanzobudisa mhepo ine simba zvikuru. Izvi zvakabatsira kuvandudzwa kwesimba remhepo uye zvakabereka masango asingagumi emagetsi uye kuvhuvhuta nemhepo. Tarifa, iri kumaodzanyemba kweSpain, yakatambira World Championship akati wandei.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Strait yeGibraltar uye maitiro ayo.